Anthropologists, Italians and “human races”

This article is part of an international forum on raceand racism published by the Journal of Anthropological Sciences and edited by Alan Goodman of the New Hampshire College (USA). The paper presents an overview of the use and meaning of the term "human race" among Italian scholars, both on the biological and cultural side, in a historical perspective. The theme is also contextualized with respect to political and social current events

INDICADORES DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NO MUNICÍPIO DE TUPÃ/SP

Os serviços de saneamento básico prestados pela administração municipal, referentes às atividades de manejo de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU), interferem diretamente no meio ambiente e na vida cotidiana das cidades. Muitos municípios brasileiros enfrentam problemas de gestão e gerenciamento dos RSU e a falta de indicadores que auxiliem na avaliação desses sistemas dificulta a tomada de decisão para a melhoria técnica e operacional dos serviços prestados. Sendo assim, este artigo avaliou o sistema de manejo dos RSU do município de Tupã/SP por meio da aplicação do Índice de Qualidade de Gestão e Gerenciamento de RSU (IQ-RSU), proposto por Gothardo e Linhares (2016), que poderá servir como referencial para o planejamento e a melhoria operacional dos serviços de manejo de RSU no município. A avaliação do referido índice aplicado no município estudado revelou que há necessidade de melhoria, em especial, nos indicadores de acondicionamento e tratamento dos resíduos sólidos urbanos e de instrumentos políticos. Além disso, observou-se que a aplicação do índice estudado foi uma ferramenta importante para a identificação dos problemas e a proposição de soluções, podendo ser considerado um instrumento de auxílio às administrações públicas para melhorar o sistema de manejo dos RSU

Tapir - Tapirus terrestris - Linnaeus, 1758, (Perissodactyla, taperidae): anatomie osseuse et musculaire de la jambe et du pied

A espécie Tapirus terrestris, conhecida como anta brasileira, é um mamífero da ordem Perissodactyla; a única dessa ordem que ocorre de forma endêmica no Brasil é considerada a maior dos mamíferos brasileiros. Existem poucos estudos relacionados à morfologia da anta, sendo assim, com o intuito de fornecer mais dados anatômicos sobre a espécie, teve-se por objetivo com o presente trabalho descrever os ossos e os músculos da perna e pé de T. terrestris. Foram utilizados quatro exemplares de T. terrestris (Linnaeus, 1978) fixados em formaldeído a 10%. Para a descrição osteológica as peças foram radiografadas e os ossos macerados, limpos, secos, identificados e descritos. Para a descrição muscular, os músculos foram dissecados, segundo as técnicas usuais em anatomia macroscópica, identificados e descritos. O esqueleto da perna de T. terrestris é constituído pelos ossos tíbia e fíbula, o pé composto por três partes sendo o tarso, metatarso e falanges. Os músculos que compõe a perna e o pé são o gastrocnêmio, sóleo, flexor digital superficial, flexor digital profundo, tibial cranial, fibular terceiro, extensor digital longo, extensor digital lateral, poplíteo, interósseos e lumbricais. A perna e pé de T. terrestris possuem características osteológicas e musculares semelhantes a dos equinos, entretanto, algumas diferenças morfológicas são evidenciada

ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE A INSATISFAÇÃO CORPORAL E O ESTADO NUTRICIONAL EM JOVENS GINASTAS

O estudo teve por objetivo identificar a satisfação da autopercepção da imagem corporal de adolescentes do sexo feminino, praticantes de ginástica rítmica (GR) e identificar a sua possível relação com o estado nutricional. Realizou-se um estudo transversal com caráter descritivo/analítico entre 88 atletas adolescentes do sexo feminino (12,3±1,3 anos), participantes da copa estadual de GR. Para mensuração da imagem corporal, foi aplicado o teste de escala de silhuetas com nove figuras e, para a avaliação do estado nutricional, o índice de massa corporal (IMC), tendo como base a proposta de Conde e Monteiro (2006). A insatisfação com a imagem corporal foi de 77,3%, sendo que das ginastas insatisfeitas 55,7% desejam diminuir a silhueta. Pode-se dizer que os níveis de insatisfação corporal entre as atletas investigadas são no mínimo preocupantes, uma vez que estas mesmo estando dentro do IMC considerado como normal, desejam ser mais magras

Evaluation and results of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder using cochlear implants: an integrative literature review

ABSTRACT Purpose: to synthesize the evidence of available studies in the literature regarding the benefit of the cochlear implant in children with additional diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and to verify the protocols used to validate the abilities of auditory perception and oral language of this population. Methods: an integrative literature review, searching in LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed and SciELO databases and in the Google Scholar. Studies in Portuguese and English that assessed auditory and/or spoken language skills of children using cochlear implants with autism spectrum disorder were included. Literature Review: 16 studies were included. In 72.18% of cases, autism spectrum disorder was diagnosed when the child was already using a cochlear implant. Studies have shown limited benefit from cochlear implants for the studied population. Parents need to be oriented regarding their expectations about the use of the device. Conclusion: the benefit of using a cochlear implant for children with an additional diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder is limited and lower than the results obtained by children who do not have additional diagnoses. There is no standardized protocol for assessing auditory and language skills in this population

Ecological and health risk assessments of an abandoned gold mine (Remance, Panama): Complex scenarios need a combination of indices

The derelict Remance gold mine is a possible source of pollution with potentially toxic elements (PTEs). In the study area, diverse mine waste has been left behind and exposed to weather conditions, and poses risks for soil, plants and water bodies, and also for the health of local inhab-itants. This study sought to perform an ecological and health risk assessment of derelict gold mining areas with incomplete remediation, including: (i) characterizing the geochemical distribution of PTEs; (ii) assessing ecological risk by estimating the pollution load index (PLI) and potential ecological risk index (RI); (iii) assessing soil health by dehydrogenase activity; and iv) establishing non-carcinogenic (HI) and carcinogenic risks (CR) for local inhabitants. Soil health seems to depend on not only PTE concentrations, but also on organic matter (OM). Both indexes (PLI and RI) ranged from high to extreme near mining and waste accumulation sites. As indicated by both the HI and CR results, the mining area poses a health risk for local inhabitants and particularly for children. For this reason, it will be necessary to set up environmental management programs in the areas that are most affected (tailings and surrounding areas) and accordingly establish the best remediation strategies to minimize risks for the local populatio

INCIDÊNCIA DE Listeria monocytogenes EM QUEIJO DE COALHO REFRIGERADO PRODUZIDO INDUSTRIALMENTE

Avaliou-se a incidência de Listeria monocytogenes em queijo de coalho, produzido industrialmente e comercializado sob refrigeração na cidade de Fortaleza- CE (Brasil). Também foram avaliadas as condições de pH e de atividade de água nas amostras contaminadas com espécies de Listeria. Foram analisadas 84 amostras de queijo de coalho industrializado de diferentes marcas empregando o TECRA Listeria Visual Immunoassay (LISVIA) modificado. Das 84 amostras, 16 (19%) estavam contaminadas com Listeria monocytogenes, 5 (5,9%) com Listeria innocua e 1 (1,2%) com Listeria grayi. Listeria monocytogenes foi isolada na faixa de pH de 5,75 a 6,37 e em atividade de água entre 0,949 e 0,970. O TECRA LISVIA detectou a presença de Listeria spp. em 9 (10,7%) amostras. Todas as amostras positivas no teste rápido foram confirmadas por testes culturais e bioquímicos e em todas foi detectada a presença de Listeria monocytogenes. O plaqueamento das amostras negativas na leitura visual do teste rápido permitiu o isolamento de Listeria spp. em 8 amostras e em 7 foi detectada a presença de Listeria monocytogenes. INCIDENCE OF Listeria monocytogenes IN INDUSTRIALLY MANUFACTURED REFRIGERATED COALHO CHEESE Abstract Incidence of Listeria monocytogenes in coalho cheese industrially manufactured and commercialized in refrigerated temperature in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará (Brazil) was evaluated. Water activity and pH conditions in the contaminated samples with Listeria species were also evaluated. Samples (84) of industrialized coalho cheese of different brands were analyzed using the modified TECRA Listeria Visual Immunoassay (LISVIA). From 84 samples, 16 (19%) were contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes, 5 (5.9%) with Listeria innocua and 1 (1.2%) with Listeria grayi. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated in the pH range of 5.75 to 6.37 and in water activity between 0.949 e 0.970. The TECRA LISVIA detected the presence of Listeria spp. in 9 (10.7%) samples. All positives samples in the rapid test were confirmed by cultural and biochemical tests and in all samples the presence of Listeria monocytogenes was detected. The negative samples plating in the visual reading of the rapid test allowed the isolation of Listeria spp. in 8 samples and in 7 the presence of Listeria monocytogenes was detected

The effects of COVID-19 stay-at-home orders on physical activity of people with obesity

Objective To verify the association of changes on physical activity levels during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak of individuals with normal weight and overweight/obesity, and the influence of sex in this relationship. Methods This cross-sectional study (survey research) was conducted in Brazil between May 5 and May 17, 2020. Participants (n=1,828 / 1,062 women >18 years) were invited through social media to answer a structured questionnaire via Google Forms. The online assessment included self-reported responses to questions on physical activity, overall health, weight, and height. Binary logistic regression analyzed the relationship between overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥25kg/m2), the impact of COVID-19 on physical activity level, and the influence of sex. Results Compared to normal weight people, those with overweight/obesity practice less moderate to vigorous physical activity (p<0.001). There were associations between women and men with overweight/obesity and the impact of COVID-19 on the physical activity practice compared to normal weight people, adjusted by age, education level, social isolation, and previous physical activity level (p<0.017). Conclusion The study found an association of weight and changes in physical activity levels. Individuals with overweight/obesity were more likely to have a lower physical activity level during COVID-19 pandemic, regardless of sex

Reliability assessment of ultrasound muscle echogenicity in patients with rheumatic diseases: Results of a multicenter international web-based study

ObjectivesTo investigate the inter/intra-reliability of ultrasound (US) muscle echogenicity in patients with rheumatic diseases.MethodsForty-two rheumatologists and 2 radiologists from 13 countries were asked to assess US muscle echogenicity of quadriceps muscle in 80 static images and 20 clips from 64 patients with different rheumatic diseases and 8 healthy subjects. Two visual scales were evaluated, a visual semi-quantitative scale (0–3) and a continuous quantitative measurement (“VAS echogenicity,” 0–100). The same assessment was repeated to calculate intra-observer reliability. US muscle echogenicity was also calculated by an independent research assistant using a software for the analysis of scientific images (ImageJ). Inter and intra reliabilities were assessed by means of prevalence-adjusted bias-adjusted Kappa (PABAK), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and correlations through Kendall’s Tau and Pearson’s Rho coefficients.ResultsThe semi-quantitative scale showed a moderate inter-reliability [PABAK = 0.58 (0.57–0.59)] and a substantial intra-reliability [PABAK = 0.71 (0.68–0.73)]. The lowest inter and intra-reliability results were obtained for the intermediate grades (i.e., grade 1 and 2) of the semi-quantitative scale. “VAS echogenicity” showed a high reliability both in the inter-observer [ICC = 0.80 (0.75–0.85)] and intra-observer [ICC = 0.88 (0.88–0.89)] evaluations. A substantial association was found between the participants assessment of the semi-quantitative scale and “VAS echogenicity” [ICC = 0.52 (0.50–0.54)]. The correlation between these two visual scales and ImageJ analysis was high (tau = 0.76 and rho = 0.89, respectively).ConclusionThe results of this large, multicenter study highlighted the overall good inter and intra-reliability of the US assessment of muscle echogenicity in patients with different rheumatic diseases