Deep Proteomics of Mouse Skeletal Muscle Enables Quantitation of Protein Isoforms, Metabolic Pathways, and Transcription Factors

Skeletal muscle constitutes 40% of individual body mass and plays vital roles in locomotion and whole-body metabolism. Proteomics of skeletal muscle is challenging because of highly abundant contractile proteins that interfere with detection of regulatory proteins. Using a state-of-the art MS workflow and a strategy to map identifications from the C2C12 cell line model to tissues, we identified a total of 10,218 proteins, including skeletal muscle specific transcription factors like myod1 and myogenin and circadian clock proteins. We obtain absolute abundances for proteins expressed in a muscle cell line and skeletal muscle, which should serve as a valuable resource. Quantitation of protein isoforms of glucose uptake signaling pathways and in glucose and lipid metabolic pathways provides a detailed metabolic map of the cell line compared with tissue. This revealed unexpectedly complex regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase and insulin signaling in muscle tissue at the level of enzyme isoforms

Antimicrobial activity of the marine actinomycetes

Antibacterial activity of 107 marine actinomycetes isolated form near sea shore sediment and seawater from Konkan   coast of Maharashtra was studied. A total 107 actinomycetes were subjected to primary screening by perpendicular streak method against various test microorganisms. Among 107 actinomycetes 22,14,34,14,07,52,27 and 6 number of actinomycetal  isolates were antagonistic against Bacillus  subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris ,Escherichia  coli, Klebsiella aerogenes , Pseudomonas  aeruginosa.,Candida albicans  and  Aspergillus. niger respectively. Out of 107 actinomycetal isolates 13 isolates showing maximum antagonistic activities that were subjected for the secondary screening by agar well method. Finally 0 5 isolates were selected for further study on the basis of maximum zone of inhibition and broad spectrum activity. Selected 05 isolates were inoculated in glucose soybean broth 7 days at 300C and antibacterial substances were extracted with ethyl acetate.T L C of the ethyl acetate extract was carried out using N butanol : acetic acid : water  ( 4:1:5 ) as a solvent system. Spots were observed under UV light and in iodine chamber. Bioautograhy of ethyl acetate extract of selected 05 isolates were carried using test organisms B. subtilus and P. vulgaris. Inhibition zones were observed and they were associated with the purple spots at the chromatograms as detected under UV light. This may indicate the same compound was responsible for the antibacterial activity of the actinomycetes.Finaly one potent   actinomycetal isolate (GA-22) was selected and it’s morphological, cultural, physiological and biochemical characters was studied.   It was found that biochemically GA-22 was very active marine actinomycetes it was able to produce variety of enzymes and utilize number of sugars

Diversity of flowering plants of Gautala Autramghat reserved forest in Marathwada (M.S.) India

Present study deals with the diversity of Gautala autramghat reserved forest in Marathwada. In order to understand the present status of flowering plants of the area, a survey has been carried out about two years. The main dominant components covering the area are Tectona grandis L.f., Terminalia arjuna W. & A., Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex DC., Zizipus mauritiana Lamk., Butea monosperma (Lamk.) Taub

Ethno- medicinal studies on barks of some medicinal plants in Marathwada (M. S.), India –I

The Present study provides information regarding the traditional uses of barks of some medicinal plants in Marathwada. Comprehensive ethno medicinal survey conducted in different community blocks of Marathwada region during 2009-2012. It revealed that many plant parts are used as traditional drugs for the treatment of various ailments by the local people. It was also observed that the barks of many plants have high medicinal properties and are used as traditional medicines. Some important such plants are Acacia nilotica (L.) Del. subsp.indica (Benth.) Brenan, Adansonia digitata L.,  Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr., Ailanthus excelsa Roxb., Albizia lebbeck (L.) Willd., Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br., Azadirachta indica A.Juss., Bauhinia racemosa Lamk.  Bauhinia variegata L., Butea monosperma (Lamk.) Taub., Crateva adansonii Dc. subsp.odora (Buch.Ham.)Jacobs., Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb., Erythrina suberosa Roxb., and Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch

Dynamics of the Groundwater Levels in Shallow Aquifers of WRC-1 Watershed, Chargarh River Basin, Central India

Shallow unconfined aquifer in hard rock terrain generally have complicated and heterogeneous hydrogeological setup. Present study incorporates dynamics of the static groundwater levels in the Chargarh river basin, Central India, during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon season, with special reference to lithological variation. The geological formations exposed in the basin are Deccan basalt and alluvium. The average pre-monsoon and post-monsoon static water levels in the basalt formation are 12.21 mbgl to 6.14 mbgl respectively, with 6.07-meter seasonal water table fluctuation. On the other hand, average pre-monsoon and post-monsoon static water levels (SWL) in the alluvial formation are 16.84 mbgl to 4.64 mbgl respectively, with 12.20 m the water table fluctuation (WTF). The pre-monsoon SWL in alluvium is deeper as compared to the pre-monsoon SWL in basalt. Similarly, WTF in alluvium is higher than WTF in basalt. These observations are reversed to that of the general assumption, that the WTF in soft rock formations are lower as compared to WTF in hard rock terrain. This can be attributed to the excessive withdrawal of groundwater for orange cultivation and sporadic artificial recharge structures in the alluvial formation

RUELLIA TUBEROSA LINN. ACTS AS ANTI-FERTILITY AGENT THAT REDUCES SPERM COUNT, MOTILITY AND VIABILITY IN MALE SWISS ALBINO MICE (MUS-MUSCULUS)

Objective: Fertility control is an issue of global public health. Many of the contraceptives available today have one or the other side effects. Many plants and plant products are suggested as contraceptives in folk and traditional systems of medicine. However, that are least exploited in this regard. In the present investigation, root powder of Ruellia tuberosa was studied for its effect on male reproduction in mice.Methods: The Swiss albino mice, Mus musculus of age three months were grouped into four, i)control group, fed on standard pellet, ii)experimental groups I and II received root powder of Ruellia tuberosa 50 mg/mouse/days for 15 d and 30 d respectively in the pellets, iii)positive control groups I and II received cotton seed oil 25 µl/mouse/day for 15 and 30 d and iv)recovery group received Ruellia tuberosa (50 mg/mouse/days) containing pellets for 15 d and later standard pellet for 15 d. Cauda epididymis sperm suspension was analyzed for sperm count, motility and viability.Results: There was a highly significant decrease in sperm count, motility and viability (p<0.001) in experimental groups I and II and positive control groups I and II. The sperm count was reduced to 19.24±1.74 million/ml and 15.97±5.61 million/ml as compared to sperm count in control group (55.12±4.63 million/ml) in experimental groups. Partial reversal of the effect was noticed in a recovery group.Conclusion: The results suggest that Ruellia tuberosa can be a potent member of reversible oral male contraceptives

Single muscle fiber proteomics reveals unexpected mitochondrial specialization

Mammalian skeletal muscles are composed of multinucleated cells termed slow or fast fibers according to their contractile and metabolic properties. Here, we developed a high-sensitivity workflow to characterize the proteome of single fibers. Analysis of segments of the same fiber by traditional and unbiased proteomics methods yielded the same subtype assignment. We discovered novel subtype-specific features, most prominently mitochondrial specialization of fiber types in substrate utilization. The fiber type-resolved proteomes can be applied to a variety of physiological and pathological conditions and illustrate the utility of single cell type analysis for dissecting proteomic heterogeneity

Using single quantum states as spin filters to study spin polarization in ferromagnets

By measuring electron tunneling between a ferromagnet and individual energy levels in an aluminum quantum dot, we show how spin-resolved quantum states can be used as filters to determine spin-dependent tunneling rates. We also observe magnetic-field-dependent shifts in the magnet's electrochemical potential relative to the dot's energy levels. The shifts vary between samples and are generally smaller than expected from the magnet's spin-polarized density of states. We suggest that they are affected by field-dependent charge redistribution at the magnetic interface.Comment: 4 pages, 1 color figur