Stress in Dissyllabic Verb/Noun Pairs

International audienc

Épidémiologie de la lèpre en Nouvelle-Calédonie de 1983 à 2017

International audienceNew-Caledonia (NC) is a French community of the Asia-Pacific region where leprosy is still present. The epidemiological study of reported cases from 1983 to 2017 accounts for 342 cases. Since 1988 the overall annual prevalence is less than 1/10,000 inhabitants, the endemicity threshold set by the World Health Organization. Nevertheless, the study reveals an area of overendemia on the island of Bélep (location of the first leprosarium) where the 2007-2017 annual mean detection rate is 126.5/100,000 inhabitants. Over the last 10 years the predomi nance of multibacillary forms and the discovery of new cases of pediatrics leprosy show the persistence of a transmission in NC. Following this study, public health measures and in-depth studies were implemented.La Nouvelle-Calédonie (NC) est une collectivité française de la région Asie-Pacifique où la lèpre est toujours présente. La surveillance épidémiologique des cas notifiés de 1983 à 2017 comptabilise 342 cas. Depuis 1988, la prévalence globale annuelle est inférieure à 1/10 000 habitants, seuil d'endémicité fixé par l'Organisation mondiale de la Santé. Néanmoins, l'étude révèle une zone de surendémie sur l'île de Bélep (lieu d'implantation de la première léproserie) où le taux de détection moyen annuel 2007-2017 est de 126,5/100 000 habitants. Sur les 10 dernières années, la prédominance de formes multibacillaires et la découverte de nouveaux cas de lèpre pédiatriques démontrent la persistance d'une transmission en NC. Suite à cette étude, des mesures de santé publique et des études approfondies ont été mises en place

Épidémiologie de la lèpre en Nouvelle-Calédonie de 1983 à 2017

International audienceNew-Caledonia (NC) is a French community of the Asia-Pacific region where leprosy is still present. The epidemiological study of reported cases from 1983 to 2017 accounts for 342 cases. Since 1988 the overall annual prevalence is less than 1/10,000 inhabitants, the endemicity threshold set by the World Health Organization. Nevertheless, the study reveals an area of overendemia on the island of Bélep (location of the first leprosarium) where the 2007-2017 annual mean detection rate is 126.5/100,000 inhabitants. Over the last 10 years the predomi nance of multibacillary forms and the discovery of new cases of pediatrics leprosy show the persistence of a transmission in NC. Following this study, public health measures and in-depth studies were implemented.La Nouvelle-Calédonie (NC) est une collectivité française de la région Asie-Pacifique où la lèpre est toujours présente. La surveillance épidémiologique des cas notifiés de 1983 à 2017 comptabilise 342 cas. Depuis 1988, la prévalence globale annuelle est inférieure à 1/10 000 habitants, seuil d'endémicité fixé par l'Organisation mondiale de la Santé. Néanmoins, l'étude révèle une zone de surendémie sur l'île de Bélep (lieu d'implantation de la première léproserie) où le taux de détection moyen annuel 2007-2017 est de 126,5/100 000 habitants. Sur les 10 dernières années, la prédominance de formes multibacillaires et la découverte de nouveaux cas de lèpre pédiatriques démontrent la persistance d'une transmission en NC. Suite à cette étude, des mesures de santé publique et des études approfondies ont été mises en place

Socio-economic and Climate Factors Associated with Dengue Fever Spatial Heterogeneity: A Worked Example in New Caledonia

International audienceUnderstanding the factors underlying the spatio-temporal distribution of infectious diseases provides useful information regarding their prevention and control. Dengue fever spatio-temporal patterns result from complex interactions between the virus, the host, and the vector. These interactions can be influenced by environmental conditions. Our objectives were to analyse dengue fever spatial distribution over New Caledonia during epidemic years, to identify some of the main underlying factors, and to predict the spatial evolution of dengue fever under changing climatic conditions, at the 2100 horizon. We used principal component analysis and support vector machines to analyse and model the influence of climate and socio-economic variables on the mean spatial distribution of 24,272 dengue cases reported from 1995 to 2012 in thirty-three communes of New Caledonia. We then modelled and estimated the future evolution of dengue incidence rates using a regional downscaling of future climate projections. The spatial distribution of dengue fever cases is highly heterogeneous. The variables most associated with this observed heterogeneity are the mean temperature, the mean number of people per premise, and the mean percentage of unemployed people, a variable highly correlated with people's way of life. Rainfall does not seem to play an important role in the spatial distribution of dengue cases during epidemics. By the end of the 21st century, if temperature increases by approximately 3°C, mean incidence rates during epidemics could double. In New Caledonia, a subtropical insular environment, both temperature and socio-economic conditions are influencing the spatial spread of dengue fever. Extension of this study to other countries worldwide should improve the knowledge about climate influence on dengue burden and about the complex interplay between different factors. This study presents a methodology that can be used as a step by step guide to model dengue spatial heterogeneity in other countries

Zika virus outbreak in New Caledonia and Guillain-Barré syndrome: a case-control study

International audienceZika virus (ZIKV) infection has been associated with neurologic disorders including Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). In New Caledonia during the ZIKV outbreak (2014-2015), case-control and retrospective studies have been performed to assess the link between ZIKV and GBS. Among the 15 cases included, 33% had evidence of a recent ZIKV infection compared to only 3.3% in the 30 controls involved. All patients were Melanesian, had facial diplegia and similar neurophysiological pattern consistent with acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, and recovered well. Furthermore, during the peak of ZIKV transmission, we observed a number of GBS cases higher than the calculated upper limit, emphasizing the fact that ZIKV is now a major trigger of GBS