Peptidylarginine désiminases du microbiote buccal et polyarthrite rhumatoïde

National audienceIn the last decade, the association between the periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been established, suggesting that oral microbiome plays a causal role by initiating this chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of articulation. Both pathogenesis are similar in term of chronic inflammation, tissue breakdown and bone resorption. Molecular aspects have also revealed that citrullination, a post-translational modification catalyzed by peptidyl-arginine deiminases (PADs), is involved in both diseases. For RA, citrullinated proteins production leads to the synthesis the of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies triggering the loss of immune tolerance. In humans, five PADs have been identified. Recently, studies have found that only Porphyromonas species possess PAD. Thus, a major periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis, is able to generate citrullinated epitopes, and could consequently induce anti-citrullinated protein antibodies. In this review, citrullination process, periodontitis and RA are described to put them in relation with molecular, clinical and epidemiological studies establishing the association between periodontitis and RA

Pre-orthodontic restorative treatment of microdontia diastema teeth using composite injection technique with a digital workflow–Case report

Restorative treatment of microdontia teeth is often considered as the final step of post-orthodontic treatment. Based on digital workflow, this clinical report presents pre-orthodontic reshaping of anterior teeth in the smile disharmony of a young patient using bilayering composite injection technique. Transparent silicone indexes for dentin and enamel fillings were fabricated from three-dimensional-printed models of the digital wax-up. This noninvasive, simple and straightforward injection technique was able to provide semipermanent reversible aesthetic restorations while awaiting for adulthood and definitive prosthodontic solution. Closure of diastemas before orthodontic treatment were carried out to restore functional contact point and to guide future teeth movements

Relationships between functional traits and inorganic nitrogen acquisition among eight contrasting European grass species

Backgrounds and Aims Leaf functional traits have been used as a basis to categoize plants across a range of resource-use specialization, from those that conserve available resources to those that exploit them. However, the extent to which the leaf functional traits used to define the resource-use strategies are related to root traits and are good indicators of the ability of the roots to take up nitrogen (N) are poorly known. This is an important question because interspecific differences in N uptake have been proposed as one mechanism by which species coexistence may be determined. This study therefore investigated the relationships between functional traits and N uptake ability for grass species across a range of conservative to exploitative resource-use strategies.Methods Root uptake of NH4+ and NO3-, and leaf and root functional traits were measured for eight grass species sampled at three grassland sites across Europe, in France, Austria and the UK. Species were grown in hydroponics to determine functional traits and kinetic uptake parameters (Imax and Km) under standardized conditions.Key Results Species with high specific leaf area (SLA) and shoot N content, and low leaf and root dry matter content (LDMC and RDMC, respectively), which are traits associated with the exploitative syndrome, had higher uptake and affinity for both N forms. No trade-off was observed in uptake between the two forms of N, and all species expressed a higher preference for NH4+.Conclusions The results support the use of leaf traits, and especially SLA and LDMC, as indicators of the N uptake ability across a broad range of grass species. The difficulties associated with assessing root properties are also highlighted, as root traits were only weakly correlated with leaf traits, and only RDMC and, to a lesser extent, root N content were related to leaf traits

fungi_wp2_uniq_mcl

Fasta file containing unic sequences. The cluster number corresponds to MOTU numbe

Gingival displacement before impression making: A prospective, comparative randomized clinical trial

International audienceSTATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Gingival displacement is used in prosthodontics to obtain an accurate impression. However, randomized clinical trials to analyze the performance of different gingival displacement products are lacking. PURPOSE: The purpose of this prospective, comparative randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of 3 gingival displacement techniques: Racegel cordless, Racegel with a cord, and Racestyptine with a cord. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective, multicenter randomized, open label, 3-arm parallel group study was carried out in private dental practices. Patients with prepared teeth with healthy gingiva were recruited to make impressions before and after gingival displacement, which were digitized. Lateral and vertical gingival displacements were measured with computer-aided 3-dimensional analysis performed by a single operator who was blinded to the technique and the patient. For mean lateral gingival displacement, each gingival displacement method was compared with a required clinical value of 200 µm with the Student t test. The comparison of means among the 3 groups was performed using an ANOVA. Periodontal indices were recorded immediately and 7 to 14 days after gingival displacement. The percentages were compared with the chi-squared test or the Fisher exact test (α=.05 for all tests). RESULTS: Eighty-eight participants were enrolled. The mean lateral gingival displacement obtained by Racestyptine with a cord (253 ±59 µm, P<.001) and by Racegel with a cord (247 ±61 µm, P<.001) were significantly higher than 200 µm. Lateral displacement observed with Racegel cordless was 207 ±57 µm (P=.53). For vertical gingival displacement, no difference among the 3 techniques was found. The astringent effect of these products was confirmed by the absence of crevicular fluid or bleeding. No periodontal damage was observed immediately or 7-14 days after displacement. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that cord impregnated with Racestyptine and Racegel with or without a cord provided a sufficient sulcus opening before impression making in prosthodontics, consistent with the clinical requirements for lateral displacement

The Arabidopsis Lectin Receptor Kinase LecRK-V.5 Represses Stomatal Immunity Induced by <em>Pseudomonas syringae</em> pv. <em>tomato</em> DC3000

<div><p>Stomata play an important role in plant innate immunity by limiting pathogen entry into leaves but molecular mechanisms regulating stomatal closure upon pathogen perception are not well understood. Here we show that the <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> L-type lectin receptor kinase-V.5 (LecRK-V.5) negatively regulates stomatal immunity. Loss of <em>LecRK-V.5</em> function increased resistance to surface inoculation with virulent bacteria <em>Pseudomonas syringae</em> pv <em>tomato</em> DC3000. Levels of resistance were not affected after infiltration-inoculation, suggesting that LecRK-V.5 functions at an early defense stage. By contrast, lines overexpressing <em>LecRK-V.5</em> were more susceptible to <em>Pst</em> DC3000. Enhanced resistance in <em>lecrk-V.5</em> mutants was correlated with constitutive stomatal closure, while increased susceptibility phenotypes in overexpression lines were associated with early stomatal reopening. Lines overexpressing <em>LecRK-V.5</em> also demonstrated a defective stomatal closure after pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) treatments. <em>LecRK-V.5</em> is rapidly expressed in stomatal guard cells after bacterial inoculation or treatment with the bacterial PAMP flagellin. In addition, <em>lecrk-V.5</em> mutants guard cells exhibited constitutive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibition of ROS production opened stomata of <em>lecrk-V.5</em>. LecRK-V.5 is also shown to interfere with abscisic acid-mediated stomatal closure signaling upstream of ROS production. These results provide genetic evidences that LecRK-V.5 negatively regulates stomatal immunity upstream of ROS biosynthesis. Our data reveal that plants have evolved mechanisms to reverse bacteria-mediated stomatal closure to prevent long-term effect on CO₂ uptake and photosynthesis.</p> </div

Role of LecRK-V.5 in ROS-mediated stomatal closure.

<p>(A) ROS detected by H₂DCFDA fluorescence in non-treated WT (Ler and Col-0), <i>lecrk-V.5</i> mutants and two complemented line (CL-1 and CL-2) guard cells. A representative stoma is shown. Bars represent 7.5 µm. (B) Stomatal aperture in epidermal peels of WT (Ler and Col-0) and <i>lecrk-V.5</i> mutants exposed to MES buffer (Control), 20 µM DPI or 1 mM ASC for 3 hrs. (C) ROS detected by H₂DCFDA fluorescence in guard cells of WT Col-0 and lines overexpressing <i>LecRK-V.5</i> (OE-1 and OE-2) after treatments with MES buffer (Control), 5 µM flg22, 5 µM elf26 or 100 ng.µL⁻¹ LPS. (D) Stomatal aperture in epidermal peels of WT Col-0 and overexpression line OE-1 and OE-2 after 3 h incubation with H₂O₂. For all experiments, results are shown as mean ± SE. In (A), (B) and (D) asterisks indicate a significant difference to WT control based on a <i>t</i> test analysis (n≥60; <i>P</i><0.001). In (C), different letters indicate statistically significant differences compared with the non-treated WT Col-0 (Fisher's Least Significant Difference test; n≥60; P<0.05). All experiments were repeated at least three times with similar results.</p