Complications bucco-dentaires de l'intubation trachéale : apport des vidéolaryngoscopes

Introduction : L’intubation trachéale se définit comme le cathétérisme de la trachée directement par trachéotomie ou indirectement à travers la glotte, par un tube restant accessible au niveau de la cavité orale ou des fosses nasales. Il s’agit d’une intubation oro-trachéale ou naso-trachéale. Ce geste peut entraîner des complications bucco-dentaires plus ou moins importantes. Corpus : Les instruments le plus couramment utilisés pour réaliser l’intubation sont les laryngoscopes à lame droite. Toutefois, l’avènement de nouvelles technologies, et notamment les vidéolaryngoscopes (VLs), apporte une amélioration dans la prise en charge des patients. Ils peuvent constituer une alternative de choix dans les cas d’intubations difficiles et même chez le sujet sain. Le but de cet article est d’analyser les principales complications bucco-dentaires liées à l’intubation, les différents laryngoscopes et l’apport des VLs en listant leurs avantages et leurs inconvénients par rapport aux laryngoscopes à lame droite en chirurgie orale. En effet, cette spécialité chirurgicale est amenée à prendre en charge des patients nécessitant des gestes opératoires sous anesthésie générale (AG). L’intubation se révèle technique dans certaines conditions (limitations d’ouverture buccale par exemple) et peut entraîner une iatrogénie tissulaire importante : plaies muqueuses, bris/luxations dentaires, etc. Conclusion : Ainsi, ces VLs présentent un intérêt chez les patients dits d’intubation difficile, ou présentant des pathologies ou des antécédents favorisant des accidents d’intubation (radiothérapie cervico-faciale, traumatisme osseux : bases osseuses maxillaires et rachis, denture fragilisée, parodontopathies, pathologies de l’articulation temporo-mandibulaire, etc.)

Global branches and local states of the human gut microbiome define associations with environmental and intrinsic factors.

The gut microbiome is important for human health, yet modulation requires more insight into inter-individual variation. Here, we explored latent structures of the human gut microbiome across the human lifespan, applying partitioning, pseudotime, and ordination approaches to >35,000 samples. Specifically, three major gut microbiome branches were identified, within which multiple partitions were observed in adulthood, with differential abundances of species along branches. Different compositions and metabolic functions characterized the branches' tips, reflecting ecological differences. An unsupervised network analysis from longitudinal data from 745 individuals showed that partitions exhibited connected gut microbiome states rather than over-partitioning. Stability in the Bacteroides-enriched branch was associated with specific ratios of Faecalibacterium:Bacteroides. We also showed that associations with factors (intrinsic and extrinsic) could be generic, branch- or partition-specific. Our ecological framework for cross-sectional and longitudinal data allows a better understanding of overall variation in the human gut microbiome and disentangles factors associated with specific configurations

Global branches and local states of the human gut microbiome define associations with environmental and intrinsic factors

Abstract The gut microbiome is important for human health, yet modulation requires more insight into inter-individual variation. Here, we explored latent structures of the human gut microbiome across the human lifespan, applying partitioning, pseudotime, and ordination approaches to >35,000 samples. Specifically, three major gut microbiome branches were identified, within which multiple partitions were observed in adulthood, with differential abundances of species along branches. Different compositions and metabolic functions characterized the branches’ tips, reflecting ecological differences. An unsupervised network analysis from longitudinal data from 745 individuals showed that partitions exhibited connected gut microbiome states rather than over-partitioning. Stability in the Bacteroides-enriched branch was associated with specific ratios of Faecalibacterium:Bacteroides. We also showed that associations with factors (intrinsic and extrinsic) could be generic, branch- or partition-specific. Our ecological framework for cross-sectional and longitudinal data allows a better understanding of overall variation in the human gut microbiome and disentangles factors associated with specific configurations

The impact of urbanization on soil organic carbon stocks and particle size and density fractions

International audiencePurposeUrbanization is a major driver of land use change and can affect the soil organic carbon (SOC) pools. This study aimed to understand the urbanization impact on SOC stocks and pools at profile scale (0–100 cm).MethodsThe SOC was studied at 0–30 and 0–100 cm depths in park and sealed soils of three French cities (Marseille, Nancy, and Nantes). Physical fractionation was performed to gain insight on the size of different SOC pools (particulate and organo-mineral soil fractions).ResultsThe SOC stocks were seven to ten times higher in parks than in sealed soils, but lower than in natural soils according to literature data. The contribution of the first 30 cm to profile SOC stock was around 40%, with strong heterogeneity, especially in sealed soils. Considering the whole 0–100 cm profile, SOC stocks in particulate organic matter fractions (light fraction > 50 µm) were 25–48 times higher in parks than in sealed soils, while SOC stocks in mineral-associated fractions ( 50 µm, particularly in sealed soils (11% in average at 0–100 cm depth). This fraction associated to sand is usually poor in SOC in natural or agricultural soils. In these urban soils, it might be bitumen, a dense organic artifact.ConclusionThe SOC stocks up to 100 cm depth and their heterogeneity pleaded to strengthen and expand SOC studies in all urban soils

The impact of urbanization on soil organic carbon stocks and particle size and density fractions

International audiencePurposeUrbanization is a major driver of land use change and can affect the soil organic carbon (SOC) pools. This study aimed to understand the urbanization impact on SOC stocks and pools at profile scale (0–100 cm).MethodsThe SOC was studied at 0–30 and 0–100 cm depths in park and sealed soils of three French cities (Marseille, Nancy, and Nantes). Physical fractionation was performed to gain insight on the size of different SOC pools (particulate and organo-mineral soil fractions).ResultsThe SOC stocks were seven to ten times higher in parks than in sealed soils, but lower than in natural soils according to literature data. The contribution of the first 30 cm to profile SOC stock was around 40%, with strong heterogeneity, especially in sealed soils. Considering the whole 0–100 cm profile, SOC stocks in particulate organic matter fractions (light fraction > 50 µm) were 25–48 times higher in parks than in sealed soils, while SOC stocks in mineral-associated fractions ( 50 µm, particularly in sealed soils (11% in average at 0–100 cm depth). This fraction associated to sand is usually poor in SOC in natural or agricultural soils. In these urban soils, it might be bitumen, a dense organic artifact.ConclusionThe SOC stocks up to 100 cm depth and their heterogeneity pleaded to strengthen and expand SOC studies in all urban soils

Therapeutic Efficacy of Alpha-RIT Using a (213)Bi-Anti-hCD138 Antibody in a Mouse Model of Ovarian Peritoneal Carcinomatosis

International audiencePURPOSE: Ovarian peritoneal carcinomatosis is a pathology for which effective cures are currently lacking. New research protocols seek to eradicate residual micrometastases following cytoreductive surgery by using hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) or radioimmunotherapy (RIT). This study aims to first develop alpha-RIT using an anti-CD138 mAb radiolabeled with an alpha-emitter, bismuth-213 ((213)Bi-B-B4) and HIPEC in a nude mouse model and second to compare and combine these techniques.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A murine model of postoperative ovarian peritoneal carcinomatosis was established. A pilot group of six mice received an intraperitoneal injection of luciferase-tagged SHIN-3 cells and bioluminescence was measured every day. Cytoreductive surgery was performed at day 14 (n = 4) and 29 (n = 2). Because the residual bioluminescence signal measured after surgery was equivalent to that obtained 3 days after the graft, HIPEC or alpha-RIT treatments were applied 3 days after the graft. Ten mice were treated by HIPEC with cisplatine (37.5 mg/mL), 11 with 7.4 MBq of (213)Bi-B-B4, seven with 11.1 MBq of (213)Bi-B-B4, and 10 mice were treated with the combined therapy (HIPEC + 7.4 MBq of (213)Bi-B-B4). Eleven mice received no treatment. Bioluminescence imaging and survival were assessed.RESULTS: Alpha-RIT 7.4 MBq and 11.1 MBq significantly improved survival (p = 0.0303 and p = 0.0070, respectively), whereas HIPEC and HIPEC + alpha-RIT treatments did not significantly ameliorate survival as compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Survival was significantly increased by alpha-RIT treatment in mice with peritoneal carcinomatosis of ovarian origin; however, HIPEC alone or in combination with alpha-RIT had no significant effect

Fiches descriptives des habitats marins benthiques de la Manche, de la Mer du Nord et de l’Atlantique

Ce catalogue présente l’ensemble des fiches descriptives des 108 unités de niveau 2 de la troisième version de la typologie NatHab-Atl (habitats marins benthiques de la Manche, de la Mer du Nord et de l’Atlantique), pour servir d’outil d’aide à l’identification et la conservation des habitats.Les habitats ont été décrits sur la base des descriptions existantes dans d’autres typologies complétées par les connaissances disponibles.Ce travail a permis de mettre à jour la typologie en modifiant le libellé de 10 unités pour clarifier leur contenu ou suivre les évolutions taxonomiques de leurs espèces caractéristiques, en supprimant une unité de niveau 3 et déplaçant les unités de niveau 4 qu’elle contenait.Ce travail a également permis d’identifier que le statut de présence en France de 22 unités était à confirmer.Toutes les fiches descriptives ainsi que des photos illustratives supplémentaires sont disponibles en ligne sur les pages habitats de l’INPN

A fermented milk product with B. Lactis CNCM I-2494 and lactic acid bacteria improves gastrointestinal comfort in response to a challenge diet rich in fermentable residues in healthy subjects

Funding: This research was supported by an unrestricted grant from Danone Nutricia Research. Danone Nutricia Research authors participated in the study design, interpretation of the data and in the writing of the report.Background: Healthy plant-based diets rich in fermentable residues may induce gas-related symptoms. Our aim was to determine the potential of a fermented milk product with probiotics in improving digestive comfort with such diets. Methods: In an open design, a 3-day high-residue diet was administered to healthy subjects (n = 74 included, n = 63 completed) before and following 28 days consumption of a fermented milk product (FMP) containing Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CNCM I-2494 and lactic acid bacteria. Main outcomes: digestive sensations, number of daytime anal gas evacuations, and gas volume evacuated during 4 h after a probe meal. Results: As compared to the habitual diet, the high-residue diet induced gas-related symptoms (flatulence score 4.9 vs. 1.2; p ≤ 0.0001), increased the daily number of anal gas evacuations (20.7 vs. 8.7; p < 0.0001), and impaired digestive well-being (1.0 vs. 3.4; p < 0.05). FMP consumption reduced flatulence sensation (by −1.7 [−1.9; −1.6]; p < 0.0001), reduced the number of daily evacuations (by −5.8 [−6.5; −5.1]; p < 0.0001), and improved digestive well-being (by +0.6 [+0.4; +0.7]; p < 0.05). FMP consumption did not affect the gas volume evacuated after a probe meal. Conclusion: In healthy subjects, consumption of a FMP containing B. lactis CNCM I-2494 and lactic acid bacteria improves the tolerance of a flatulogenic diet by subjective and objective criteria (sensations and number of anal gas evacuations, respectively)