2,522 research outputs found

    Boundary triplets for skew-symmetric operators and the generation of strongly continuous semigroups

    Get PDF
    We give a self-contained and streamlined exposition of a generation theorem for C0-semigroups based on the method of boundary triplets. We apply this theorem to port-Hamiltonian systems where we discuss recent results appearing in stability and control theory. We give detailed proofs and require only a basic knowledge of operator and semigroup theory.Comment: 19 page

    Π‘ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π· Ρ– дослідТСння Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌΡ–ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΈΡ… властивостСй 5-R,R’-Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΏΠΎΡ…Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ… Ρ‚Ρ–Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»Ρ–Π΄ΠΈΠ½- 2,4-Π΄Ρ–ΠΎΠ½Ρƒ Ρ‚Π° 4-тіоксотіазолідин-2-ΠΎΠ½Ρƒ

    Get PDF
    The study is devoted to the rational search of modern potential antimicrobial agents among of 4-thiazolidine(thi)ones. 5-R,R’-Enamin(thi)ones of thiazolidinone series have been tested for design and the initial screening of the antibacterial properties. The use of 5-ethoxymetylene derivatives of thiazolidine-2,4-dione and 4-thioxothiazolidin-2-one as effective β€œbuilding blocks” for the synthesis of small libraries of bioactive compounds has been proposed. Nucleophilic substitution reactions between 5-ethoxymetylene derivatives and amino alcohols, the primary and secondary functionalized aromatic and heteroaromatic amines, heterocyclic amines (piperidine and substituted pyrazolines) have been studied. The pharmacological screening of the antimicrobial activity for the enamin(thi)ones synthesized on clinical isolates of staphylococci with different resistance mechanisms to protected Ξ²-lactams and multiresistance strains of E. coli and Ps. Aeruginosa has been performed. Compounds with a distinct antimicrobial effect have been identified. They can also increase the sensitivity of S. aureus and S. haemolyticus clinical strains to oxacillin, and can be used to create new combined antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agents. The β€œstructure – antimicrobial activity” relationships for design and search for new antimicrobial agents have been analysed.ИсслСдованиС посвящСно Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ поиску соврСмСнных ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² срСди ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… 4-Ρ‚ΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½(Ρ‚ΠΈ)ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ². Для Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ скрининга Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… свойств Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ 5-R,R’-Π΅Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½(Ρ‚ΠΈ)ΠΎΠ½Ρ‹ Ρ‚ΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ряда. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ использованиС 5-этоксимСтилСнтиазолидин-2,4-Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΈ 4-тиоксотиазолидин-2-ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ эффСктивных «структурных Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²Β» для синтСза ΠΌΠ°Π»Ρ‹Ρ… Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊ биологичСски Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… соСдинСний. Π˜Π·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½ΡƒΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ замСщСния 5-этоксимСтилСнтиазолидинов с аминоспиртами, Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ароматичСскими ΠΈ гСтСроароматичСскими Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ, гСтСроцикличСскими Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ (ΠΏΠΈΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‰Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΈΡ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹). ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ фармакологичСский скрининг ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ активности синтСзированных Π΅Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° клиничСских изолятах стафилококков с Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ рСзистСнтности ΠΊ Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‰Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Ξ²-Π»Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈ полиантибиотикорСзистСнтных ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ°Ρ… E. coli ΠΈ Ps. Aeruginosa. Π˜Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ соСдинСния с Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ эффСктом, способныС ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ‡ΡƒΠ²ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ клиничСских ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² S. Aureus ΠΈ S. haemolyticus ΠΊ оксациллину, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ использовано ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ создании Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ‹Ρ… химиотСрапСвтичСских срСдств. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ связСй «структура – ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ΅ дСйствиС» для Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½Π° ΠΈ поиска Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ².ДослідТСння присвячСнС Ρ€Π°Ρ†Ρ–ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΏΠΎΡˆΡƒΠΊΡƒ сучасних ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†Ρ–ΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ… Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌΡ–ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΈΡ… Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ–Π² сСрСд ΠΏΠΎΡ…Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ… 4-Ρ‚Ρ–Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»Ρ–Π΄ΠΈΠ½(Ρ‚Ρ–)ΠΎΠ½Ρ–Π². ЗдійснСно спробу Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½Ρƒ Ρ‚Π° ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ скринінгу Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ–Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Ρ–Π² Π½Π° основі 5-R,R’-Ρ”Π½Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½(Ρ‚Ρ–)ΠΎΠ½Ρ–Π² Ρ‚Ρ–Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»Ρ–Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ряду. Π—Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ використання 5-СтоксимСтилСнтіазолідин-2,4-Π΄Ρ–ΠΎΠ½Ρƒ Ρ‚Π° 4-тіоксотіазолідин-2-ΠΎΠ½Ρƒ як Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ… «структурних Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΡ–Π²Β» для синтСзу ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ… Π±Ρ–Π±Π»Ρ–ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊ Π±Ρ–ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ… сполук. Π’ΠΈΠ²Ρ‡Π΅Π½Ρ– Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†Ρ–Ρ— Π½ΡƒΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡ„Ρ–Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ заміщСння 5-СтоксимСтилСнтіазолідинонів Π· аміноспиртами, Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†Ρ–ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Ρ–Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Ρ– Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Ρ‚Π° Π³Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π³Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ (ΠΏΡ–ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ Ρ‚Π° Π·Π°ΠΌΡ–Ρ‰Π΅Π½Ρ– ΠΏΡ–Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»Ρ–Π½ΠΈ). ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Ρ„Π°Ρ€ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΉ скринінг Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌΡ–ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡ— активності синтСзованих Ρ”Π½Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½Ρ–Π² Ρ‰ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»Ρ–Π½Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΡ… ізолятів стафілококів Π· Ρ€Ρ–Π·Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½Ρ–Π·ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ рСзистСнтності Π΄ΠΎ Π·Π°Ρ…ΠΈΡ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ… Ξ²-Π»Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π°ΠΌΡ–Π² Ρ‚Π° поліантибіотикорСзистСнтних ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌΡ–Π² E. coli Ρ– Ps. Aeruginosa. Π†Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„Ρ–ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ– сполуки Π· Π²ΠΈΡ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌΡ–ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Π·Π΄Π°Ρ‚Π½Ρ– ΠΏΡ–Π΄Π²ΠΈΡ‰ΡƒΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ Ρ‡ΡƒΡ‚Π»ΠΈΠ²Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠ»Ρ–Π½Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΡ… ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌΡ–Π² S. aureus Ρ– S. Haemolyticus Π΄ΠΎ оксациліну, Ρ‰ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈ використано ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ створСнні Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±Ρ–Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ… Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌΡ–ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΈΡ… Ρ…Ρ–ΠΌΡ–ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠ΅Π²Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΈΡ… засобів. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»Ρ–Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ зв’язків «структура – Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌΡ–ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½Π° Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒΒ» для спрямованого Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½Ρƒ Ρ‚Π° ΠΏΠΎΡˆΡƒΠΊΡƒ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ–Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ… Ρ– ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ³Ρ€ΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ–Π²

    UNIQUE FEATURES OF METABOLIC DISORDERS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE IN POSTOPERATIVE ABDOMINAL HERNIA AND ITS POSSIBLE RESOLUTION

    Get PDF
    Objective: study and analyse features of metabolic disorders of connective tissue in postoperative abdominal hernia and its possible resolution.Materials and methods: 68 patients with postoperative ventral hernias of different age groups were studied and screening of undifferentiated connective-tissue syndromes (UCTS) was carried out, to study its metabolic markers.Results: it has been proved that with aging, there is an increase binded hydroxyproline, indicating increased fibrillogenesis. In patients in age group of 51-60 years, there was an increase in the free hydroxyproline, confirming the predominance of collagen breakdown over its synthesis. With increase in severity of UCTS, there was an increase in the level of free hydroxyproline, indicating a more pronounced decay of collagen. At the same time, faster recovery was noticed in collagen metabolism in the postoperative period in groups of patients with mild and moderate UCTS severity.Conclusions: collagen breakdown is more pronounced in patients with severe UCTS and its recovery in the postoperative period is directly related to the severity of UCTS that requires pharmacological resolution

    Biopolymer-based structuring of liquid oil into soft solids and oleogels using water-continuous emulsions as templates

    Get PDF
    Physical trapping of a hydrophobic liquid oil in a matrix of water-soluble biopolymers was achieved using a facile two-step process by first formulating a surfactant-free oil-in-water emulsion stabilized by biopolymers (a protein and a polysaccharide) followed by complete removal of the water phase (by either high- or low-temperature drying of the emulsion) resulting in structured solid systems containing a high concentration of liquid oil (above 97 wt %). The microstructure of these systems was revealed by confocal and cryo-scanning electron microscopy, and the effect of biopolymer concentrations on the consistency of emulsions as well as the dried product was evaluated using a combination of small-amplitude oscillatory shear rheometry and large deformation fracture studies. The oleogel prepared by shearing the dried product showed a high gel strength as well as a certain degree of thixotropic recovery even at high temperatures. Moreover, the reversibility of the process was demonstrated by shearing the dried product in the presence of water to obtain reconstituted emulsions with rheological properties comparable to those of the fresh emulsion

    Spectra of self-adjoint extensions and applications to solvable Schroedinger operators

    Full text link
    We give a self-contained presentation of the theory of self-adjoint extensions using the technique of boundary triples. A description of the spectra of self-adjoint extensions in terms of the corresponding Krein maps (Weyl functions) is given. Applications include quantum graphs, point interactions, hybrid spaces, singular perturbations.Comment: 81 pages, new references added, subsection 1.3 extended, typos correcte

    Restrictions and extensions of semibounded operators

    Full text link
    We study restriction and extension theory for semibounded Hermitian operators in the Hardy space of analytic functions on the disk D. Starting with the operator zd/dz, we show that, for every choice of a closed subset F in T=bd(D) of measure zero, there is a densely defined Hermitian restriction of zd/dz corresponding to boundary functions vanishing on F. For every such restriction operator, we classify all its selfadjoint extension, and for each we present a complete spectral picture. We prove that different sets F with the same cardinality can lead to quite different boundary-value problems, inequivalent selfadjoint extension operators, and quite different spectral configurations. As a tool in our analysis, we prove that the von Neumann deficiency spaces, for a fixed set F, have a natural presentation as reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces, with a Hurwitz zeta-function, restricted to FxF, as reproducing kernel.Comment: 63 pages, 11 figure

    ΠšΠΎΡ€Π΅ΠΊΡ†Ρ–Ρ доксорубіциніндукованої гСпатотоксичності ΠΏΠΎΡ…Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π³Π»ΡŽΠΊΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½Ρƒ Ρ‚Π° Ρ—Ρ… комбінаціями Π· ΠΊΠ²Π΅Ρ€Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π² СкспСримСнті Π½Π° Ρ‰ΡƒΡ€Π°Ρ…

    Get PDF
    The article presents the results of the pharmacological study of glucosamine derivatives and their combinations with flavonoid quercetin as correctors of hepatotoxicity of anthracycline antibiotics, particularly doxorubicin. As the test compounds substances of glucosamine hydrochloride in conventionally therapeutic doses of 50 mg/kg, and the combination of aminosugars of glucosamine hydrochloride and N-acetylglucosamine with flavonoid quercetin in the ratio of 3:1 equivalent to glucosamine hydrochloride in a conventionally therapeutic dose of 82 mg/kg have been studied. Quercetin was used in the dose of 20.5 mg/kg as a reference medicine. To assess the degree of liver damage and severity of the hepatoprotective activity of the objects selected a number of biochemical parameters (the level of TBA-reactants of the serum and the liver homogenate, the activity of indicator enzymes of ALT, AST cytolysis, the content of the total protein, glucose, urea in the serum) have been determined; the the histomorphologic study of liver tissue has been conducted. According to the experimental results it has been found that all tested compounds have the ability to reduce the toxic effects of doxorubicin in relation to the liver. With respect to overall rating of the parameters studied a combination of aminosugars of glucosamine hydrochloride and N-acetylglucosamine with quercetin has shown the most significant hepatoprotective effect, and it can be explained by a synergistic action of its individual components directed to inhibition of free radical processes and cytolysis, inhibition of inflammation, urea formation function, protein synthesis in the liver, normalization of the carbohydrate metabolism and decrease of hypoplastic changes in the liver tissue. The results of the study experimentally substantiate the use perspectiveness of a combination of aminosugars of glucosamine hydrochloride and N-acetylglucosamine with quercetin for pharmacological correction of toxic effects of anthracycline antibiotics during anticancer therapy.ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ фармакологичСского изучСния ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… глюкозамина ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ с Ρ„Π»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ²Π΅Ρ€Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π² качСствС ΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² гСпатотоксичности Π°Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², Π² частности доксорубицина. Π’ качСствС исслСдуСмых соСдинСний ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ субстанции глюкозамина Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΡ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Π° Π² условно тСрапСвтичСской Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ 50 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΈ комбинация аминосахаров глюкозамина Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΡ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΈ N-Π°Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»Π³Π»ΡŽΠΊΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π° с Ρ„Π»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ²Π΅Ρ€Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ 3:1 Π² пСрСсчСтС Π½Π° глюкозамина Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΡ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΄ Π² условно тСрапСвтичСской Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ 82 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³. Π’ качСствС ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π° сравнСния использовали ΠΊΠ²Π΅Ρ€Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ 20,5 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³. Для ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ стСпСни пораТСния ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ выраТСнности Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ дСйствия Π²Ρ‹Π±Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² опрСдСляли ряд биохимичСских ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ (ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ Π’Π‘Πš-Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² сыворотки ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π°Ρ‚Π° ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈ, Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π° АлАВ, АсАВ, содСрТаниС ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°, Π³Π»ΡŽΠΊΠΎΠ·Ρ‹, ΠΌΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ Π² сывороткС ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ), Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ гистоморфологичСскоС исслСдованиС Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈ. По Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π° установлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ всС исслСдуСмыС соСдинСния проявили ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊ ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ токсичСских проявлСний доксорубицина ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈ. По суммарному Ρ€Π΅ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π³Ρƒ исслСдованных ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΅ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ дСйствиС проявила комбинация аминосахаров глюкозамина Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΡ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΈ N-Π°Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»Π³Π»ΡŽΠΊΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π° с ΠΊΠ²Π΅Ρ€Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΡΡΠ½ΡΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ синСргичСским дСйствиСм Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… процСссов ΠΈ Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°, ΡƒΠ³Π½Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ воспалСния, восстановлСниС ΠΌΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ, Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π·ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈ, Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΈ ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ гипопластичСских ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ исслСдования ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ использования ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ аминосахаров глюкозамина Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΡ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΈ N-Π°Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»Π³Π»ΡŽΠΊΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π° с ΠΊΠ²Π΅Ρ€Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ для Ρ„Π°Ρ€ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ токсичСских эффСктов Π°Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ.НавСдСні Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ Ρ„Π°Ρ€ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ вивчСння ΠΏΠΎΡ…Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ… Π³Π»ΡŽΠΊΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½Ρƒ Ρ‚Π° Ρ—Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±Ρ–Π½Π°Ρ†Ρ–ΠΉ Π· Ρ„Π»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ—Π΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ²Π΅Ρ€Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Ρƒ якості ΠΊΠΎΡ€Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ–Π² гСпатотоксичності Π°Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρ–Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ±Ρ–ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΡ–Π², Π·ΠΎΠΊΡ€Π΅ΠΌΠ° доксорубіцину. Π’ якості дослідТуваних сполук Π²ΠΈΠ²Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ субстанції Π³Π»ΡŽΠΊΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½Ρƒ Π³Ρ–Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΡ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Ρƒ Π² ΡƒΠΌΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ-Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠ΅Π²Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ–ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ– 50 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ Ρ‚Π° комбінація Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΎΡ†ΡƒΠΊΡ€Ρ–Π² Π³Π»ΡŽΠΊΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½Ρƒ Π³Ρ–Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΡ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Ρƒ Ρ– N-Π°Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»Π³Π»ΡŽΠΊΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½Ρƒ Π· Ρ„Π»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ—Π΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ²Π΅Ρ€Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Ρƒ ΡΠΏΡ–Π²Π²Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ– 3:1 Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ…ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡƒ Π½Π° Π³Π»ΡŽΠΊΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½Ρƒ Π³Ρ–Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΡ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΄ Π² ΡƒΠΌΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ-Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠ΅Π²Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ–ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ– 82 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³. Π£ якості ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Ρƒ порівняння використовували ΠΊΠ²Π΅Ρ€Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½ Ρƒ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ– 20,5 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³. Для ΠΎΡ†Ρ–Π½ΠΊΠΈ ступСня ураТСння ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Ρ–Π½ΠΊΠΈ Ρ‚Π° вираТСності Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡ— Π΄Ρ–Ρ— ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ… об’єктів Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΡƒ Π±Ρ–ΠΎΡ…Ρ–ΠΌΡ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΡ–Π² (Ρ€Ρ–Π²Π΅Π½ΡŒ Π’Π‘Πš-Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π°Π½Ρ‚Ρ–Π² сироватки ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ– Ρ‚Π° Π³ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π°Ρ‚Ρƒ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Ρ–Π½ΠΊΠΈ, Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ–Π½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΈΡ… Ρ„Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ–Π² Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ»Ρ–Π·Ρƒ АлАВ, АсАВ, вміст загального Π±Ρ–Π»ΠΊΠ°, глюкози, сСчовини Ρƒ сироватці ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ–), Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ гістоморфологічнС дослідТСння Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Ρ–Π½ΠΊΠΈ. Π—Π° Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ досліду встановлСно, Ρ‰ΠΎ всі дослідТувані сполуки проявили Π·Π΄Π°Ρ‚Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄ΠΎ змСншСння токсичних проявів доксорубіцину ΠΏΠΎ Π²Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡŽ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Ρ–Π½ΠΊΠΈ. Π—Π° сумарним Ρ€Π΅ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠΌ дослідТСних ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΡ–Π² Π½Π°ΠΉΠ±Ρ–Π»ΡŒΡˆ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΡƒΡ‰Ρƒ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠ½Ρƒ Π΄Ρ–ΡŽ виявила комбінація Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΎΡ†ΡƒΠΊΡ€Ρ–Π² Π³Π»ΡŽΠΊΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½Ρƒ Π³Ρ–Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΡ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Ρƒ Ρ– N-Π°Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»Π³Π»ΡŽΠΊΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½Ρƒ Π· ΠΊΠ²Π΅Ρ€Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‰ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡŽΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅Ρ€Π³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΡŽ Π΄Ρ–Ρ”ΡŽ Ρ—Ρ— ΠΎΠΊΡ€Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ–Π², ΡΠΏΡ€ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΡŽ Π½Π° інгібування Π²Ρ–Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ… процСсів Ρ– Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ»Ρ–Π·Ρƒ, пригнічСння запалСння, відновлСння ΡΠ΅Ρ‡ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡƒΡ‚Π²ΠΎΡ€ΡŽΡŽΡ‡ΠΎΡ—, Π±Ρ–Π»ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‡ΠΎΡ— Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†Ρ–ΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Ρ–Π½ΠΊΠΈ, Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»Ρ–Π·Π°Ρ†Ρ–ΡŽ Π²ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΡ–Π½Ρƒ Ρ‚Π° змСншСння гіпопластичних Π·ΠΌΡ–Π½ Ρƒ Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½Ρ– ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Ρ–Π½ΠΊΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ дослідТСння Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ використання ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±Ρ–Π½Π°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ— Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΎΡ†ΡƒΠΊΡ€Ρ–Π² Π³Π»ΡŽΠΊΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½Ρƒ Π³Ρ–Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΡ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Ρƒ Ρ– N-Π°Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»Π³Π»ΡŽΠΊΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½Ρƒ Π· ΠΊΠ²Π΅Ρ€Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ для Ρ„Π°Ρ€ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΎΡ€Π΅ΠΊΡ†Ρ–Ρ— токсичних Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ–Π² Π°Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρ–Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ±Ρ–ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΡ–Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ– ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠΏΡƒΡ…Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΡ— Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΡ–Ρ—

    A Survey on the Krein-von Neumann Extension, the corresponding Abstract Buckling Problem, and Weyl-Type Spectral Asymptotics for Perturbed Krein Laplacians in Nonsmooth Domains

    Full text link
    In the first (and abstract) part of this survey we prove the unitary equivalence of the inverse of the Krein--von Neumann extension (on the orthogonal complement of its kernel) of a densely defined, closed, strictly positive operator, Sβ‰₯Ξ΅IHS\geq \varepsilon I_{\mathcal{H}} for some Ξ΅>0\varepsilon >0 in a Hilbert space H\mathcal{H} to an abstract buckling problem operator. This establishes the Krein extension as a natural object in elasticity theory (in analogy to the Friedrichs extension, which found natural applications in quantum mechanics, elasticity, etc.). In the second, and principal part of this survey, we study spectral properties for HK,Ξ©H_{K,\Omega}, the Krein--von Neumann extension of the perturbed Laplacian βˆ’Ξ”+V-\Delta+V (in short, the perturbed Krein Laplacian) defined on C0∞(Ξ©)C^\infty_0(\Omega), where VV is measurable, bounded and nonnegative, in a bounded open set Ξ©βŠ‚Rn\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^n belonging to a class of nonsmooth domains which contains all convex domains, along with all domains of class C1,rC^{1,r}, r>1/2r>1/2.Comment: 68 pages. arXiv admin note: extreme text overlap with arXiv:0907.144
    • …
    corecore