The Strategic Instruments for Formation and Positioning of a Brand in International Markets

The modern market is filled with a variety of products to suit every taste. Behind each of these products is present a certain organization that is trying to promote its product into the deeper market. So in order to promote your product, you need to understand the difference between a trademark and a brand, a brand and branding, etc. From a legal point of view, a brand is a unique trademark that is subject to patent protection. In accordance with the consumer (psychological) approach, a brand is understood as the impressions that the buyer has of an almost elusive vibe associated with a product. The concept of a brand combines a list of conceptions, unique solutions, feelings of perception, and value properties associated with a product or service of a particular organization. In order for a company’s product to become a brand, it needs to be formed. Brand formation is a complex and time-consuming process that includes market analysis, positioning, logo and name creation, and the development of a plan for further brand improvement and modernization. However, despite that the brand formation is one holistic process that includes positioning, it can be presented as a separate process. After all, positioning accompanies all stages of brand formation, since any missed or unaccounted-for detail of this process creates a brand’s inconsistency with the criteria of the market in which it is represented. Brand positioning is, on the one hand, the definition of its market position, its difference from competitors, and, on the other hand, the definition of its place in the minds of consumers. Before you are in the hands of the consumer, you first need to be in his head. Therefore, positioning can be defined as a figurative shell, a way to broadcast brand ideas using various means and techniques. Positioning should be felt at every point of contact between the brand and the consumer: in the name, visual image, advertising campaigns, social networks. It is also necessary to pay attention to the matter that an important principle of brand formation and positioning is its socialization, which is aimed at reducing the harmful impact of goods/services on the environment, ensuring compliance of production processes with quality norms and standards. From such a standpoint, organizational and managerial techniques, methodologies, methods of market actions, development of a brand platform, naming are strategic instruments for the effective implementation of the formation and positioning of a brand in world markets

Розвиток соціально-трудових відносин на селі в умовах інтеграції аграрного сектору АПК в структури ЄС

Social and labor relations in the process of market environment development in the agricultural sector of the agro-industrial complex are undergoing significant changes. The study of these changes is necessary to identify trends that characterize all the processes associated with the use of labor, increase its productivity and impact on the efficiency of agricultural production. Miscalculations in socio-economic policy result in negative consequences and loss of human capital. One of the peculiarities of the period of Ukraine's integration with the EU in Ukraine is that the state does not regulate the content of social and labor relations, and other regulators, such as social partnership, are not yet working at full capacity. The most serious problems were in social and labor relations directly on agricultural enterprises and especially in farms and households. There is a need for effective state influence, using the opportunities of OTG, on the formation of a national model of social and labor relations and the effective use of labor potential. Further development of social and labor relations should be carried out in the context of Ukraine's integration with the EU, which raises the need to improve socio-economic policy towards the agricultural sector in terms of its transformation and adaptation to European integration structures. It is advisable to determine the main directions and priorities of socio-economic modernization of OTG in the coming years. The main ones are: and popularization of knowledge, including the reform of rural vocational schools, the search for new forms of adult learning, the development of economic, technical and social infrastructure, support for entrepreneurship and non-agricultural activities in rural areas.Соціально-трудові відносини в процесі розвитку ринкового середовища в аграрному секторі АПК зазнають суттєвих змін. Дослідження цих змін необхідно для визначення тенденцій, які характеризують всі процеси, пов'язані з використанням праці, підвищенням її продуктивності і впливу на ефективність сільськогосподарського виробництва. Прорахунки в соціально-економічній політиці обертаються негативними наслідками і втратою людського капіталу. Одна з особливостей періоду інтеграції України з ЄС в Україні полягає в тому, що держава не регламентує змісту соціально-трудових відносин, а інші регулятори, такі як соціальне партнерство ще не працюють на повну потужність. Найбільш серйозні проблеми були в соціально-трудових відносинах безпосередньо на сільгосппідприємствах і особливо у фермерських та господарствах населення. Необхідно ефективний державний вплив, використовуючи можливості ОТГ, на формування національної моделі соціально-трудових відносин та ефективного використання трудового потенціалу. Подальший розвиток соціально-трудових відносин повинен здійснюватись в контексті інтеграції України з ЄС, що висуває необхідність вдосконалення соціально-економічної політики щодо аграрного сектора в умовах його трансформації і пристосування до інтеграційних структур Європи. Доцільно визначити основні напрямки і пріоритети соціально-економічної модернізації ОТГ в найближчі роки. Головними з них є: популяризація знань, в тому числі реформа сільських профтехучилищ, пошук нових форм навчання дорослих,  розвиток економічної, технічної та соціальної інфраструктури, підтримка підприємництва і несільськогосподарської діяльності в сільській місцевості

Shapes of leading tunnelling trajectories for single-electron molecular ionization

Based on the geometrical approach to tunnelling by P.D. Hislop and I.M. Sigal [Memoir. AMS 78, No. 399 (1989)], we introduce the concept of a leading tunnelling trajectory. It is then proven that leading tunnelling trajectories for single-active-electron models of molecular tunnelling ionization (i.e., theories where a molecular potential is modelled by a single-electron multi-centre potential) are linear in the case of short range interactions and "almost" linear in the case of long range interactions. The results are presented on both the formal and physically intuitive levels. Physical implications of the obtained results are discussed.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figure

Crustal strain in central Greece from repeated GPS measurements in the interval 1989-1997

A 66-station GPS network spanning central Greece, first observed in 1989, has been occupied fully on three occasions: June 1989, October 1991 and May 1993. Subsets of this network bounding the Gulf of Korinthos have also been occupied in June 1995, October 1995, May 1996 and September/October 1997. The first three occupations were processed using a fiducial GPS methodology, whereas later surveys were processed using CODE precise orbits. Combination of data from different surveys to yield smooth site velocities requires global network translations at each epoch to compensate for errors in the realization of the reference frame. This method provides a posteriori estimates of the relative coordinate errors and reference frame noise. Only one earthquake, the 1995 June 15 Egion event, has caused significant local coseismic displacement, and its effects on the interseismic velocity field are removed using an elastic dislocation model. We constrain the orientation of the 100 yr triangulation—GPS velocity estimates of Davies et al. (1997) using 14 sites common to the two networks. The goodness of fit of this transformation indicates that the short-term and 100 yr geodetic estimates of deformation are highly compatible. We infer that short-term geodetic studies are capable of determining longer-term deformation rates provided that transient, local effects can be modelled. From the combined velocity field, we estimate principal strains and rigid-body rotation rates at points on a regular grid using data from neighbouring sites. Strain rates are high within the Gulf of Korinthos and much lower elsewhere. The extension rate across the Gulf of Korinthos increases from east to west. Comparison of the extension rate with historical and recent rates of seismic release of strain reveals significant medium-term seismic hazard in the western Gulf of Korinthos, and may also indicate long-term aseismic strai

Presence Of Vaccine-derived Newcastle Disease Viruses In Wild Birds

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Our study demonstrates the repeated isolation of vaccine-derived Newcastle disease viruses from different species of wild birds across four continents from 1997 through 2014. The data indicate that at least 17 species from ten avian orders occupying different habitats excrete vaccine-derived Newcastle disease viruses. The most frequently reported isolates were detected among individuals in the order Columbiformes (n = 23), followed in frequency by the order Anseriformes (n = 13). Samples were isolated from both free-ranging (n = 47) and wild birds kept in captivity (n = 7). The number of recovered vaccine-derived viruses corresponded with the most widely utilized vaccines, LaSota (n = 28) and Hitchner B1 (n = 19). Other detected vaccine-derived viruses resembled the PHY-LMV2 and V4 vaccines, with five and two cases, respectively. These results and the ubiquitous and synanthropic nature of wild pigeons highlight their potential role as indicator species for the presence of Newcastle disease virus of low virulence in the environment. The reverse spillover of live agents from domestic animals to wildlife as a result of the expansion of livestock industries employing massive amounts of live virus vaccines represent an underappreciated and poorly studied effect of human activity on wildlife.119DTRA BAA project [FRCALL 12-6-3412-0005]FAPESP [2013/02059-2, 2015/11510-5]American Ornithologists' UnionOconee Audubon SocietyOdum School of EcologyUSDA, ARS [CRIS 6040-32000-064]Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Instantaneous Multiphoton Ionization Rate and Initial Distribution of Electron Momenta

The Yudin-Ivanov formula [Phys. Rev. A 64, 013409 (2001)] is generalized such that the most general analytical expression for single-electron spectra, which includes the dependence on the instantaneous laser phase, is obtained within the strong field approximation. No assumptions on the momentum of the electron are made. Previously known formulas for single-electron spectra can be obtained as approximations to the general formula.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure

Magnesium based materials for hydrogen based energy storage: Past, present and future

Magnesium hydride owns the largest share of publications on solid materials for hydrogen storage. The “Magnesium group” of international experts contributing to IEA Task 32 “Hydrogen Based Energy Storage” recently published two review papers presenting the activities of the group focused on magnesium hydride based materials and on Mg based compounds for hydrogen and energy storage. This review article not only overviews the latest activities on both fundamental aspects of Mg-based hydrides and their applications, but also presents a historic overview on the topic and outlines projected future developments. Particular attention is paid to the theoretical and experimental studies of Mg-H system at extreme pressures, kinetics and thermodynamics of the systems based on MgH2, nanostructuring, new Mg-based compounds and novel composites, and catalysis in the Mg based H storage systems. Finally, thermal energy storage and upscaled H storage systems accommodating MgH2 are presented

Field site selection: getting it right first time around

The selection of suitable field sites for integrated control of Anopheles mosquitoes using the sterile insect technique (SIT) requires consideration of the full gamut of factors facing most proposed control strategies, but four criteria identify an ideal site: 1) a single malaria vector, 2) an unstructured, relatively low density target population, 3) isolation of the target population and 4) actual or potential malaria incidence. Such a site can exist in a diverse range of situations or can be created. Two contrasting SIT field sites are examined here: the desert-flanked Dongola Reach of the Nile River in Northern State, Sudan, where malaria is endemic, and the island of La Reunion, where autochthonous malaria is rare but risk is persistent. The single malaria-transmitting vector at both sites is Anopheles arabiensis. In Sudan, the target area is a narrow 500 km corridor stretching from the rocky terrain at the Fourth Cataract - just above the new Merowe Dam, to the northernmost edge of the species range, close to Egypt. Vector distribution and temporal changes in density depend on the Nile level, ambient temperature and human activities. On La Reunion, the An. arabiensis population is coastal, limited and divided into three areas by altitude and exposure to the trade winds on the east coast. Mosquito vectors for other diseases are an issue at both sites, but of primary importance on La Reunion due to the recent chikungunya epidemic. The similarities and differences between these two sites in terms of suitability are discussed in the context of area-wide integrated vector management incorporating the SIT

A human biomonitoring (HBM) Global Registry Framework: Further advancement of HBM research following the FAIR principles.

Data generated by the rapidly evolving human biomonitoring (HBM) programmes are providing invaluable opportunities to support and advance regulatory risk assessment and management of chemicals in occupational and environmental health domains. However, heterogeneity across studies, in terms of design, terminology, biomarker nomenclature, and data formats, limits our capacity to compare and integrate data sets retrospectively (reuse). Registration of HBM studies is common for clinical trials; however, the study designs and resulting data collections cannot be traced easily. We argue that an HBM Global Registry Framework (HBM GRF) could be the solution to several of challenges hampering the (re)use of HBM (meta)data. The aim is to develop a global, host-independent HBM registry framework based on the use of harmonised open-access protocol templates from designing, undertaking of an HBM study to the use and possible reuse of the resulting HBM (meta)data. This framework should apply FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) principles as a core data management strategy to enable the (re)use of HBM (meta)data to its full potential through the data value chain. Moreover, we believe that implementation of FAIR principles is a fundamental enabler for digital transformation within environmental health. The HBM GRF would encompass internationally harmonised and agreed open access templates for HBM study protocols, structured web-based functionalities to deposit, find, and access harmonised protocols of HBM studies. Registration of HBM studies using the HBM GRF is anticipated to increase FAIRness of the resulting (meta)data. It is also considered that harmonisation of existing data sets could be performed retrospectively. As a consequence, data wrangling activities to make data ready for analysis will be minimised. In addition, this framework would enable the HBM (inter)national community to trace new HBM studies already in the planning phase and their results once finalised. The HBM GRF could also serve as a platform enhancing communication between scientists, risk assessors, and risk managers/policy makers. The planned European Partnership for the Assessment of Risk from Chemicals (PARC) work along these lines, based on the experience obtained in previous joint European initiatives. Therefore, PARC could very well bring a first demonstration of first essential functionalities within the development of the HBM GRF

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization hydrogen/deuterium exchange studies to probe peptide conformational changes

AbstractHydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange chemistry monitored by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry is used to study solution phase conformational changes of bradykinin, α-melanocyte stimulating hormone, and melittin as water is added to methanol-d4, acetonitrile, and isopropanol-d8 solutions. The results are interpreted in terms of a preference for the peptides to acquire more compact conformations in organic solvents as compared to the random conformations. Our interpretation is supported by circular dichroism spectra of the peptides in the same solvent systems and by previously published structural data for the peptides. These results demonstrate the utility of MALDI-TOF as a method to monitor the H/D exchange chemistry of peptides and investigations of solution-phase conformations of biomolecules