Nickel hydroxide electrode. 3: Thermogravimetric investigations of nickel (II) hydroxides

Water contained in Ni hydroxide influences its electrochemical reactivity. The water content of alpha and beta Ni hydroxides is different with respect to the amount and bond strength. Thermogravimetric experiments show that the water of the beta Ni hydroxides exceeding the stoichiometric composition is completely removed at 160 deg. The water contained in the interlayers of the beta hydroxide, however, is removed only at higher temperatures, together with the water originating from the decomposition of the hydroxide. These differences are attributed to the formation of II bonds within the interlayers and between interlayers and adjacent main layers. An attempt is made to explain the relations between water content and the oxidizability of the Ni hydroxides

Desidentificaciones cuasi-cuir y otras estrategias para narrar la intimidad en Beso negro (1992), de Gilberto Flores Alavez

Beso negro (1992) by Gilberto Flores Alavez documents the reality of inhabiting a cuir body and the possibility of representing that body in the public sphere. I propose to analyze the survival strategies used by the author that respond to the experience of being questioned as a mental patient with homoerotic inclinations when he is accused of murder in 1978. I suggest that the aesthetic proposal of the book (the paratexts and the framed story) works as a strategy to narrate the intimacy that I call quasi-cuir of a dissident body deprived of its liberty before a public sphere that examines it minutely.La novela Beso negro (1992), de Gilberto Flores Alavez, documenta la realidad de habitar un cuerpo cuir y la posibilidad de representarlo en la esfera pública. A partir de esto, propongo analizar las estrategias de supervivencia utilizadas por el autor que responden a la experiencia de ser interpelado como un enfermo mental con inclinaciones homoeróticas cuando se le acusa de asesinato en 1978. Adicionalmente, sugiero que la propuesta estética del libro –los paratextos y el relato enmarcado– funciona como una estrategia para narrar la intimidad que llamo cuasi-cuir de un cuerpo disidente y privado de su libertad ante una esfera pública que lo examina con minucia

Zwischen Tradition und Imagewandel : welche Entwicklung nimmt der Golfsport in der Zukunft?

nicht vorhande

Interfacial toughness evolution under thermal cycling by laser shock and mechanical testing of an EB-PVD coating system

One of the major challenges for coatings on superalloys is to keep adherence during aging, where damage is mostly driven by thermal cycling. On the other hand, the methodology of the evaluation of the interfacial toughness should be consistent with in service loading. Recently, the use of LAser Shock Adhesion Test (LASAT) has shown its capability for both ranking different coating solutions and evaluating the evolution of a given coating as a function of aging [1-2]. The intent of this paper is to demonstrate the ability of LASAT to reproduce damage mechanisms observed under quasi-static in plane mechanical testing and to propose a general methodology to assess interfacial toughness evolution based on LASAT measurements. The material chosen in this study is a partially Y2O3 stabilized EB-PVD zirconia layer coating deposited by Electron Beam – Physical Vapor Deposition (EB-PVD) onto a first generation Ni base superalloy. Aging has been performed using thermal cycling under laboratory air. Degradation of the coating system due to ageing is quantitatively assessed by LASAT and accompanied by different microstructural analysis methods. For LASAT, if laser flux is below a threshold, no delamination occurs. When increasing laser flux above this threshold, a systematic sequence is observed: i) delamination without buckling of the ceramic layer, ii) delamination and buckling, iii) partial cracking of the ceramic layer, and iv) spallation [1-2]. These different states are also achieved in compressive quasi-static testing and assessed by means of local strain measurement using digital image correlation technique [3]. Aging is evaluated through the evolution of both the delamination and the buckling behavior induced by the LASAT method or critical strain at ceramic spallation under compressive static load. Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

Nachträgliche Bemerkung zur vereinfachten Elementaranalyse

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Modifizierte Zirconiumdioxidträger für Kupferkatalysatoren in der Methanoldampfreformierung

Zur Katalyse der Methanoldampfreformierung wurden im Rahmen dieser Arbeit Cu-Katalysatoren mit unterschiedlichen Trägermaterialien untersucht. Die Gemeinsamkeit dieser Trägermaterialien war das ZrO2, das entweder im Kationen- oder im Anionengitter modifiziert wurde. Die Reaktionen über bzw. in den Proben wurden in-situ mit Röntgenbeugung, Röntgenabsorptionsspektroskopie und thermoanalytischen Methoden untersucht. Während dieser Experimente wurde die Gasphase mittels Massenspektrometrie und zum Teil auch mittels Gaschromatographie charakterisiert. Zur weiteren ex-situ Charakterisierung der Proben wurden die Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie, die Infrarotspektroskopie, die BET-Methode und die Trägergasheißextraktion verwendet. Die Cu-Katalysatoren mit dem CeO2-ZrO2-Träger, die durch Co-Fällung des entsprechenden Sols auf einem Templat hergestelllt wurden, zeigten bei geringem Cu-Gehalt die höchsten Umsätze. Jedoch wurde bei dieser Probe keine stabile Reaktion erreicht. Die Strukturuntersuchungen ergaben für diese Probe eine feinverteilte, stärker an den Träger gebundene Cu-Phase. In den Proben mit höheren Cu-Gehalten konnte eine weitere Cu-Phase identifiziert werden, die nicht so stark an den Träger gebunden war. Diese zweite Phase führte nach einigen Tagen zu einer stabilen Reaktion. Geringere Umsätze in diesen Proben konnten kleineren Cu0-Oberflächen zugeschrieben werden. Zusätzlich konnte der Einfluß von Spannungen im Cu-Gitter auf den Umsatz erkannt werden. Die Cu-Katalysatoren mit den Zirconiumoxidnitridträgern, die durch Imprägnierung des Trägermaterials hergestellt wurden, zeigten neben unterschiedlichen Umsätzen auch unterschiedliche Reaktionen in der Methanol-Wasserdampf-Atmosphäre. Die Imprägnierung mit Cu-Citrat führte durch die stärkere Verteilung der Cu-Phase und die dadurch größere Cu0-Oberfläche zu einem höheren Umsatz als die Imprägnierung mit Cu-Nitrat. In einem Vergleich zwischen zwei Cu-Katalysatoren mit stickstofffreiem und stickstoffhaltigem Träger wurde gezeigt, daß auch der Träger die auftretenden Reaktionen beeinflußt. Durch die Kalzinierung in Sauerstoff oder ebenfalls durch eine spätere Sauerstoffbehandlung bei erhöhter Temperatur wurde die Zusammensetzung des Trägermaterials verändert, d.h. es bildete sich durch den Ausbau von Stickstoff neues tetragonales ZrO2. Dieses tetragonale ZrO2 hat einen positiven Einfluß auf die stattfindende Reaktion und beeinflußt zusätzlich die Cu-Phase. Im Kupfer konnten dadurch erhöhte Spannungen und ein erhöhter Sauerstoffanteil bestimmt werden. In der hier vorgelegten Arbeit konnte geschlossen werden, daß die durch den Stickstoffeinbau induzierten Sauerstoffleerstellen in der Struktur des Trägermaterials keinen vorteilhaften Einfluß haben. Als wichtige Charakteristika stellten sich eine große, stabile Cu0-Oberfläche und die passenden Oberflächeneigenschaften des Trägermaterials heraus

Crack morphology in a columnar thermal barrier coating system

For high temperature application, EB-PVD ceramic layers are commonly used as thermal barrier coating. During thermal transients, the thermal expansion mismatch between coating and substrate drives failure of the TBC mainly by interfacial cracking. Laser Shock Adhesion Test (LASAT) provides stresses at the ceramic/metal interface enabling controlled interfacial cracking [1-2]. For achieving a clear understanding of the influence of local morphology on interfacial toughness, this study aims at characterizing the 3D morphology of a crack at the interface between metal and an EB-PVD TBC having a columnar structure. Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

Literature and Bioinformatics Analyses of Wheat-specific Detection Methods

In view of the recent necessity to perform testing for the detection of genetically modified common wheat (Triticum aestivum), the need arises for a taxon-specific method for this organism. However, no such method has yet been officially validated. Multiple species of wheat exist on the market, such as common wheat, durum wheat, emmer wheat, etc. These plants have complex genomes, composed of different combinations (from diploid to hexaploid) of common sets of chromosomes. The specificity of a method then depends on which set of chromosome the targeted region is located, which increases the complexity of identifying methods specific to Triticum aestivum. Often, such methods were developed for the specific regulatory need of differentiating durum and common wheat (for example, in alimentary pasta labeling), with minimal concerns for non-specific detection of other plants. This document summarises the review performed by the EU-RL GMFF, complemented with in-house bioinformatics analyses, in order to identify and characterise Triticum aestivum-specific detection methods that have been described in the scientific literature. Methods with apparent specificity (based on results shown and bioinformatics analyses) and promising performance (based on results shown) are highlighted and their primers and probe sequences reported. Those methods are the 'SS II-D' and ' SS II ex7' methods described in Matsuoka et al. (2012) and the 'wx012' method described in Iida et al. (2005), and they represent good candidates to uniquely identify common wheat in complex food samples.JRC.I.3-Molecular Biology and Genomic

Reinvention of Publishers’ Revenue Model—Expectations of Advertisers towards Publishers’ Products

Publishers have to reconsider their revenue model. Facing a massive decline in the circulation of newspapers and magazines over the past years, publishers have lost not only readers but also many advertisers. Thus, publishers are faced with both changed customer expectations as well as difficulty in generating profit. Users are increasingly less willing to pay for digital products and their expectations of digital content have changed: They would like to contribute their own content as well as to comment or share with others. Furthermore, advertisers can choose from a greater variety of options for placing adverts, particularly on social media and other online platforms. Therefore, many publishers struggle with the questions: How to earn money? What is the revenue model of the new business model? In order to determine the implications for publishers’ revenue models, we assume that advertising companies are going to play a prominent role in the new business model. Hence, this paper focuses on publishers’ services for advertising companies and therefore the expectations of advertisers towards publishers’ services. In particular, this preliminary qualitative study explores advertisers’ marketing interests in communities of readers who simultaneously contribute to discussions. Therefore, (1) a pre-study was conducted followed by (2) qualitative interviews with managers from advertising companies in Germany. Our initial findings confirm that advertisers could play an important role in the revenue model of publishers if they meet the expectations of advertisers who expressed their interest in both, using communities for customer research as well as interacting with users directly. The results also identify other possible services that publishers could offer advertisers in conjunction with addressing communities of contributing readers