Caspases activities in TNF-α applied HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cell

Amaç: Tümör nekroz faktörü (TNF), hücre sağkalımı, proliferasyon, farklılaşma, inflamasyon, bağışıklık ve apoptoz gibi hücresel olaylarda anahtar rol oynar. Tümör sitotoksisitesindeki etkisinden dolayı Tümör nekroz faktörü olarak adlandırılmasına rağmen, TNF geniş bir yelpazede birçok hastalıkla ilişkilendirilmiştir. Çalışmada, hepatoselüler karsinoma hücrelerinde TNF-α'nın kaspaz 1, 3 ve 9 enzim aktiviteleri üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Materyal ve metod: Çalışmada TNF-α uygulanmayan (kontrol) ve 24 saat boyunca TNF-α uygulanan hepatoselüler karsinoma hücre hattı HepG2 hücreleri kullanılmıştır. TNF-α'nın kaspaz 1, kaspaz 3 ve kaspaz 9 enzim aktiviteleri üzerindeki etkileri kolorimetrik olarak ticari kit ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular: TNF-α uygulanan HepG2 hücrelerinde kaspaz 1 ve kaspaz 3 enzim aktivitelerinde kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı artış gözlenmiştir (p<0,05). Sonuç: TNF-α inflamatuar hücreler tarafından salınan pro-inflamatuvar bir sitokindir. Bu mekanizma, yangıya bağlı şekillenen karsinogenezde rol oynayabilir. TNF, hem tümör oluşumunu destekleyebilir hem de kanser hücrelerini öldürücü etki gösterebilir. Sunulan bulgular, TNF-α uygulanan HepG2 hücrelerinde kaspaz bağlımlı hücre ölümünün meydana geldiğini ortaya koymaktadır.Purpose: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plays a key role in cellular events such as cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, inflammation, immunity, and apoptosis. Although named Tumor necrosis factor for its tumor cytotoxicity, TNF has been implicated in a wide spectrum of other diseases. The aim of the present study is to determine the effects of TNF-α on caspase 3, 9, and 1 enzyme activities in HepG2 cells. Materials and methods: Hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 was used and cells were cultured in the absence (control) or presence of TNF-α for 24 h. The effect of TNF-α on caspase 3, caspase 9, and caspase 1 enzyme activities in hepatocarcinoma cells were examined in TNF-α treated and control cells using colorimetric assay kits. Results: There were significant increases in caspases 1 and 3 levels in TNF-α treated HepG2 cells compare to control cells. Conclusions: TNF-α is a pro-inflammatory cytokine, secreted by inflammatory cells. This mechanism may be involved in inflammation-associated carcinogenesis. TNF could act both as tumor promoter, and cancer killer. Presented findings suggest that caspases-dependent cell death occurs in TNF-α applied HepG2 cells

Modeling and solution of the feeder bus network design problem as a multi depot open vehicle routing problem

Sanayileşme, şehirleşme ve nüfus yoğunluğunun artması, şehir merkezlerinde yerleşim alanlarının sıkılaşmasına ve şehirlerin fiziki sınırlarının genişlemesine yol açmaktadır. Mekansal büyüme ve gelişme, yerleşim alanlarını birbirinden uzaklaştırarak ulaşım maliyetlerinin artmasına ve taşıma hizmetinin etkinliğinin azalmasına neden olmaktadır. Bununla birlikte nüfusun yoğun olduğu şehirlerin bazı kesimlerinde şehir içi seyahat, şehirlerarası seyahatten daha uzun zaman almaktadır. Yapılan çalışma Çok Depolu Açık Uçlu Araç Rotalama Probleminin, Besleyici Otobüs Ağ Tasarım uygulaması kapsamındadır. Açık uçlu araç rotalama probleminde, araçlar klasik araç rotalama probleminde olduğu gibi, son servis noktasından sonra depoya dönmezler. Bu tip problemlerde, rotalar merkez depo ile başlamakta, talep noktası ile sona ermektedir. Bir başlangıç depo noktasından, dağıtım yapılacak noktalara bırakılacak mallar veya personel, araca yüklenir ve belirlenen sırada noktalara uğranılır. Aracın son uğranılan noktada kalacağı varsayılır. Tez çıktısı şehir içi ulaştırma sistemini geliştirmeyi hedeflemektedir. Söz konusu yolcuların duraklar arası seyahatlerinde; raylı sistemle bütünleşik olarak işlemesi, araçların rotalarını en küçükleyerek, mümkün olan en az aracı kullanarak dağıtılmasını sağlamak, ulaşım maliyetlerini en küçüklemek ve aynı zamanda yolcu memnuniyetini sağlamak amaçlanmaktadır. Bununla ilgili olarak matematiksel model geliştirilmiş ve farklı veri setlerindeki vakalar için sonuçlar karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuçlardan yola çıkılarak, tez içeriğinde ele alınan problem gerçek karar alıcılarına fayda sağlayabilecektir.Industrialization, urbanization and the increase in population density lead to contraction of residential areas in the city centers and expansion of the physical boundaries of cities. Spatial growth and development causes the transportation costs to increase and the efficiency of the transportation service by decreasing the settlement areas. However, in some parts of the densely populated cities, urban travel takes longer than intercity travel. This study is in the scope of the Feeder Bus Network Design application of the Multi Depot Open Vehicle Routing Problem. In an open vehicle routing problem, vehicles do not return to the depot after the last service point, as in a conventional vehicle routing problem. In such problems, the routes start with the central depot and end with the demand point. From an initial depot point, the goods or personnel to be left to the points to be distributed are loaded into the vehicle and stopped at the points in the specified order. It is assumed that the vehicle will remain at the last stop. The tesis output aims to improve the urban transportation system. For the passengers traveling between stops; The aim of the project is to integrate with the rail system, to ensure that vehicles are distributed by minimizing their routes, using the least possible vehicles, minimizing transportation costs and ensuring passenger satisfaction. A mathematical model was developed and the results were compared for different data sets. Based on the results, this study will be beneficial for the real decision makers of the problem discussed

The orange-red pigment from Penicillium mallochii: Pigment production, optimization, and pigment efficacy against Glioblastoma cell lines

The red-orange pigment producer strain Penicillium mallochii (TACB-16) used in this study was isolated from beech tree bark in Balikesir, Turkey, and was identified by molecular methods (P. mallochii Genbank accession number: MG591446). P. mallochii Rivera, Urb & Seifert was first isolated from the caterpillars Rothschildia lebeau and Citheronia lobesis on Costa Rica and is a new record for Turkey. Little is known of this fungus. In this study, the pigment production of P. mallochii on different media was characterised, and the factors affecting the pigment production and efficacy against the human GB cell line T98G cell viability/cytotoxicity were inspected. The results showed that the pigment was resistant to different temperatures and pH values. The -250 base pair of the ITS region was sequenced and submitted to the Genbank. The blast result of the sequence showed that our isolate displayed maximum similarity (100%) to P. mallochii. Glioblastoma (grade-IV astrocytoma, WHO) is the most lethal subtype of glioma and the survival rate of GB patients is still low. Our results suggest that the pigment exhibits anti-proliferative effects on the T98G cell line. The present study is the first to assess the cytotoxic effect of the pigment on the survival of GB cells. Further studies and validations are needed, but we suggest that the pigment might be used for in vitro and in vivo studies, food industry and for future medical drug studies.Research Foundation of Balikesir University (2017/075)Firat University Scientific Research Projects Management Uni

1970’li yıllardaki sendikal mücadelede DİSK’in yeri ve önemi

Ankara : İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, 2015.This work is a student project of the The Department of History, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University.by Öztürk, Mert İbrahim

Türkiye'de oyun geliştiriciliği tarihi

Ankara : İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, 2013.This work is a student project of the The Department of History, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University.by Melike Ünal.Ünal, Melike. HIST 200-1ÜNAL HIST 200-1/10 2012-1

The relationship between degree of nasal septum deviation with sinonasal structures and variations

We aimed to evaluate whether the nasal septum deviation affects the development of sinonasal structures. Patients who had undergone paranasal sinus computed tomography (PNS-CT) imaging due to nasal obstruction were divided into 3 groups according to the septal deviation angle; group I: 0 degrees to 9 degrees, group II: 10 degrees to 15 degrees, and group III: >15 degrees. The features of sinonasal structures were recorded when evaluating PNS-CT. There were totally 234 patients, 119 patients in group I, 68 in group II, and 47 in group III. On the opposite side of the deviation, keros 3 was significantly more in group III (P 0.05), the incidence of Haller and Onodi cells were significantly higher in group III (P < 0.001). In addition, all cells were observed more in the opposite side of the deviation in each group (P < 0.001). Maxillary sinus retention cysts and hypoplasia of maxillary and frontal sinuses, as an indicator of the low pneumatization of the sinuses, are seen more on the same side of nasal septum deviation, increasing with the degree of deviation increases (P < 0.001). Nasal septum deviation affects the development of sinonasal structures by affecting the pneumatization. Preoperative PNS-CT evaluation is important in order to be aware of the situations that we may encounter during surgery and to provide adequate treatment

Türk siyasi tarihinin içinden bir aile olarak İnönü Ailesi

Ankara : İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, 2014.This work is a student project of the The Department of History, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University.by Yeni, Harun

Emerging details about COVID-19 and chronology of the pandemic in Turkey

Coronaviruses are found in all mammalian and avian species. Due to its mild infection on upper respiratory tract, this virus was not considered as a serious human pathogen until the outbreaks of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in 2002 and 2012, respectively. Recently the third and the biggest outbreak of coronavirus “COVID-19” or “SARS-CoV-2” has erupted and the world is now in a struggle to combat this disease. Although everything has not yet been fully clarified about this new type of virus, the data obtained from the studies conducted so far provides guidance on how to deal with SARS-CoV-2. In this context, this review provides information about pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, presence in animals, potential transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 as well as the detection methods used in the world and Turkey

Emerging details about COVID-19 and chronology of the pandemic in Turkey

Coronaviruses are found in all mammalian and avian species. Due to its mild infection on upper respiratory tract, this virus was not considered as a serious human pathogen until the outbreaks of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in 2002 and 2012, respectively. Recently the third and the biggest outbreak of coronavirus “COVID-19” or “SARS-CoV-2” has erupted and the world is now in a struggle to combat this disease. Although everything has not yet been fully clarified about this new type of virus, the data obtained from the studies conducted so far provides guidance on how to deal with SARS-CoV-2. In this context, this review provides information about pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, presence in animals, potential transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 as well as the detection methods used in the world and Turkey

Acute Propafenone Toxicity Discovered after Unknown Onset of Symptoms

Propafenone is a class 1C antiarrhythmic with sodium channel and beta blocking properties. At toxic doses it causes wide range of arrhythmias including cardiac conduction abnormalities, AV block and prolongation of QRS complexes that may be fatal. In this paper we report a young female patient who had unstable hemodynamic condition due to propafenone ingestion estimated to be 6000 mgr and successfully treated with bicarbonate therapy. Bicarbonate therapy seems to be effective in propafenone intoxication and emergency physicians might be familiar to sodium channel blocking agent toxidromes and potential benefits of bicarbonate administration