Incidence of Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Meta-Analysis

Objective: To systematically evaluate the incidence of COPD with anxiety and depression in the past 5 years. Methods: The databases of CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, CBM, PubMed, WebofScience, TheCochraneLibrary and EMbase were searched by computer. The study type was cross-sectional study or other types of study that included baseline data.  Outcome indicators included the incidence of anxiety or depression; The cross-sectional study evaluation scale recommended by AHRQ was used to evaluate the quality of the included literature, and StataSE 16 was used to complete the meta-analysis. Results: A total of 35 literatures were included, including 27 Chinese literatures and 9 English literatures. Meta-analysis results showed that: The overall incidence of COPD combined with anxiety or depression was 50.00%, the overall incidence of COPD combined with anxiety was 40%, the incidence of COPD combined with depression was 42%, and the incidence of COPD combined with anxiety and depression was 20%. Conclusion: The incidence of COPD combined with anxiety and depression is high. Clinicians and patients' families should pay attention to COPD, and the psychological problems of patients, and prevent the occurrence of anxiety and depression

Long-Distance Effects of Insertional Mutagenesis

Most common systems of genetic engineering of mammalian cells are associated with insertional mutagenesis of the modified cells. Insertional mutagenesis is also a popular approach to generate random alterations for gene discovery projects. A better understanding of the interaction of the structural elements within an insertional mutagen and the ability of such elements to influence host genes at various distances away from the insertion site is a matter of considerable practical importance.We observed that, in the context of a lentiviral construct, a transcript, which is initiated at an internal CMV promoter/enhancer region and incorporates a splice donor site, is able to extend past a collinear viral LTR and trap exons of host genes, while the polyadenylation signal, which is naturally present in the LTR, is spliced out. Unexpectedly, when a vector, which utilizes this phenomenon, was used to produce mutants with elevated activity of NF-κB, we found mutants, which owed their phenotype to the effect of the insert on a gene located tens or even hundreds of kilobases away from the insertion site. This effect did not result from a CMV-driven transcript, but was sensitive to functional suppression of the insert. Interestingly, despite the long-distance effect, expression of loci most closely positioned to the insert appeared unaffected.We concluded that a polyadenylation signal in a retroviral LTR, when occurring within an intron, is an inefficient barrier against the formation of a hybrid transcript, and that a vector containing a strong enhancer may selectively affect the function of genes far away from its insertion site. These phenomena have to be considered when experimental or therapeutic transduction is performed. In particular, the long-distance effects of insertional mutagenesis bring into question the relevance of the lists of disease-associated retroviral integration targets, which did not undergo functional validation

Scale-dependent effects of climate and geographic distance on bacterial diversity patterns across northern China's grasslands.

Patterns of variation in plant and animal diversity along precipitation gradients have been extensively studied, but much less is known about how and to what extent precipitation affects the biogeographic distribution of microbial diversity in arid areas across large spatial scales. Here we collected soils from 54 sites along a 3700 km transect covering a wide range of grassland ecosystems with distinct aridity gradients. We quantified the bacterial community diversity and the effects of climate, edaphic parameter and geographic distance on the bacterial community structure using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Of the 35 phyla detected, 6 were dominant: Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Planctomycetes. Aridity was a major factor influencing bacterial diversity, community composition and taxon abundance. Although the pattern of bacterial species richness is markedly different from that of plant species richness, most soil bacteria were endemic to particular bioregions like macro-organisms. Community similarity significantly declined with environmental distance and geographic distance (r = -0.579 and -0.773, respectively). Geographic distance (historical contingencies) contributed more to bacterial community variation (36.02%) than combined environmental factors (24.06%). Overall, our results showed that geographic distance and climatic factors concurrently govern bacterial biogeographic patterns in arid and semi-arid grassland

A novel CT-guided technique using medical adhesive for localization of small pulmonary ground-glass nodules and mixed ground-glass nodules (≤20 mm) before video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery

PURPOSE:We aimed to evaluate the success rate and complication occurrence of CT-guided localization of small pure ground-glass nodules (pGGNs) and mixed ground-glass nodules (mGGNs) with medical adhesive injection before video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS).METHODS:From March 2015 to May 2017, 41 patients with 44 small pGGNs and mGGNs underwent CT-guided percutaneous localization with medical adhesive prior to wedge resection by VATS.RESULTS:Localization with medical adhesive was successful in all patients (100%). The nodules (13 pGGNs, 31 mGGNs) had a mean maximal long-axis diameter of 9±4 mm and a mean distance of 10±7 mm from the most superficial edge of the nodule to the visceral pleura. The localization time was 16±8 minutes. There was a moderate inverse relationship between localization time and the nodule diameter (r= -0.42, P = 0.005). Thirty-three nodules with primary lung cancer were pathologically confirmed. There were 3 cases of pneumothorax (7%), 3 cases of parenchyma hemorrhage (7%) and 2 cases of irritable cough (5%), respectively. No conversion to thoracotomy was necessary in any patient.CONCLUSION:CT-guided percutaneous localization with medical adhesive can label small pGGNs and mGGNs prior to VATS, with high success and low complication rates

Applications of Electromagnetic Forming Technology at the Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center

The research of the electromagnetic forming (EMF) technology at the Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center (WHMFC) has focused on designing electromagnetic system for generating a more flex-ible and strong Lorentz forces acting on workpieces, and then expanding the applications of EMF technology to solve current problems in forming large-scale and complex components. In this paper, we will sum up the latest progress of EMF technology at the WHMFC in detail according to recently reported works

FUS Transgenic Rats Develop the Phenotypes of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration

Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) proteinopathy is a feature of frontotemporal lobar dementia (FTLD), and mutation of the fus gene segregates with FTLD and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). To study the consequences of mutation in the fus gene, we created transgenic rats expressing the human fus gene with or without mutation. Overexpression of a mutant (R521C substitution), but not normal, human FUS induced progressive paralysis resembling ALS. Mutant FUS transgenic rats developed progressive paralysis secondary to degeneration of motor axons and displayed a substantial loss of neurons in the cortex and hippocampus. This neuronal loss was accompanied by ubiquitin aggregation and glial reaction. While transgenic rats that overexpressed the wild-type human FUS were asymptomatic at young ages, they showed a deficit in spatial learning and memory and a significant loss of cortical and hippocampal neurons at advanced ages. These results suggest that mutant FUS is more toxic to neurons than normal FUS and that increased expression of normal FUS is sufficient to induce neuron death. Our FUS transgenic rats reproduced some phenotypes of ALS and FTLD and will provide a useful model for mechanistic studies of FUS–related diseases

Prediction of overall survival for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer : development of a prognostic model through a crowdsourced challenge with open clinical trial data

Background Improvements to prognostic models in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer have the potential to augment clinical trial design and guide treatment strategies. In partnership with Project Data Sphere, a not-for-profit initiative allowing data from cancer clinical trials to be shared broadly with researchers, we designed an open-data, crowdsourced, DREAM (Dialogue for Reverse Engineering Assessments and Methods) challenge to not only identify a better prognostic model for prediction of survival in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer but also engage a community of international data scientists to study this disease. Methods Data from the comparator arms of four phase 3 clinical trials in first-line metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer were obtained from Project Data Sphere, comprising 476 patients treated with docetaxel and prednisone from the ASCENT2 trial, 526 patients treated with docetaxel, prednisone, and placebo in the MAINSAIL trial, 598 patients treated with docetaxel, prednisone or prednisolone, and placebo in the VENICE trial, and 470 patients treated with docetaxel and placebo in the ENTHUSE 33 trial. Datasets consisting of more than 150 clinical variables were curated centrally, including demographics, laboratory values, medical history, lesion sites, and previous treatments. Data from ASCENT2, MAINSAIL, and VENICE were released publicly to be used as training data to predict the outcome of interest-namely, overall survival. Clinical data were also released for ENTHUSE 33, but data for outcome variables (overall survival and event status) were hidden from the challenge participants so that ENTHUSE 33 could be used for independent validation. Methods were evaluated using the integrated time-dependent area under the curve (iAUC). The reference model, based on eight clinical variables and a penalised Cox proportional-hazards model, was used to compare method performance. Further validation was done using data from a fifth trial-ENTHUSE M1-in which 266 patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer were treated with placebo alone. Findings 50 independent methods were developed to predict overall survival and were evaluated through the DREAM challenge. The top performer was based on an ensemble of penalised Cox regression models (ePCR), which uniquely identified predictive interaction effects with immune biomarkers and markers of hepatic and renal function. Overall, ePCR outperformed all other methods (iAUC 0.791; Bayes factor >5) and surpassed the reference model (iAUC 0.743; Bayes factor >20). Both the ePCR model and reference models stratified patients in the ENTHUSE 33 trial into high-risk and low-risk groups with significantly different overall survival (ePCR: hazard ratio 3.32, 95% CI 2.39-4.62, p Interpretation Novel prognostic factors were delineated, and the assessment of 50 methods developed by independent international teams establishes a benchmark for development of methods in the future. The results of this effort show that data-sharing, when combined with a crowdsourced challenge, is a robust and powerful framework to develop new prognostic models in advanced prostate cancer.Peer reviewe

TURBINE DISK PROFILE OPTIMIZATION APPLYING DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT AND RESPONSE SURFACE METHOD

Profile of a turbine disk was optimized in ANSYS Workbench platform and results suggested that disk stresses were decreased significantly while the disk mass was lightened as well. Present research demonstrates that ANSYS Workbench platform integrating geometry modeling,stress analysis and optimization module can minimize the difficulties of optimization work,the accuracy of surrogate model using Design of Experiments（ DOE） and Response Surface Method（ RSM） can satisfy engineering requirements and the application of combination optimization strategy involving DOE,RSM and Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm（ MOGA） can obviously enhance the optimization efficiency

RESEACH OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL CRACK GROWTH BASED ON DISK OF TURBO-SHAFT ENGINE

Three-dimensional crack growth was analyzed using damage tolerance design-based method and Franc3D to find cause of unexpected fatigue test failure of a turboshaft engine disk,showing that the crack propagation life was shorter than the test inspection interval which proved that damage tolerance design cannot meet the requirements and it was the major cause of the failure. Present research can provide damage tolerance design guidance for engineering application