Hémorragie du postpartum (profil épidémiologique et évaluation des pratiques d'anesthésie-réanimation en France)

La France se démarque par un ratio de mortalité maternelle par hémorragie du postpartum (HPP) élevé.Les objectifs de cette thèse étaient: 1/comparer les caractéristiques épidémiologiques de l'HPP entre la France et le Canada 2/décrire les pratiques d'anesthésie-réanimation dans l'HPP et évaluer leur adéquation par rapport aux recommandations chez les femmes décédées d'HPP et dans une population de femmes avec HPP.Les sources de données utilisées étaient: La base nationale canadienne de données hospitalières sur les séjours des patients, l'essai Pithagore6 et l'Enquête nationale confidentielle sur les morts maternelles.La comparaison du profil épidémiologique de l'HPP entre la France et le Canada montre que l'HPP n'est pas plus fréquente en France. Le recours plus fréquent à des traitements de seconde ligne suggère une incidence plus élevée de l'HPP sévère en France. Dans les décès maternels par HPP, certaines pratiques d'anesthésie-réanimation apparaissent comme inadéquates: le monitorage clinique et la mise en condition des patientes, la surveillance paraclinique, le protocole d'anesthésie générale et la stratégie transfusionnelle. La description en population des pratiques transfusionnelles dans l'HPP montre un recours insuffisant à la transfusion. Inversement des stratégies transfusionnelles dont l'efficacité n'est pas prouvée sont fréquemment appliquées.Ce travail suggère une sévérité importante de l'HPP en France, pouvant expliquer l'importance de la mortalité par HPP. Certaines pratiques d'anesthésie-réanimation apparaissant comme non-optimales pourraient être impliquées dans cette sévérité. L'association entre pratiques et sévérité de l'HPP reste à être étudiée.In France, the maternal mortality ratio due to postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is higher than in other high resources countries. This situation remains partially unexplained. The objectives of this PhD thesis were: 1/ to compare PPH epidemiological characteristics between France and Canada, 2/ to describe anesthesia and intensive care practices in PPH and to compare them with guidelines, first in cases of maternal deaths from PPH and secondly in a large population of women with PPH. The data sources were: the Discharge Abstract Database from the Canadian Institute for Health Information, the Pithagore6 trial and the French Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths. The comparison of PPH epidemiological profiles between France and Canada shows that PPH incidence is not higher in France. Second-line treatments in PPH management are more frequently performed, suggesting a higher incidence of severe PPH in France. Among maternal deaths from PPH, some practices in anesthesia and critical care management appear to be inadequate: clinical monitoring and laboratory assessment, protocol for general anesthesia and transfusion strategy. The description on transfusion practices in a large population of women with PPH shows that the use of blood products is not sufficient. Conversely, transfusion strategies with unproved efficacy are frequently used. These results suggest a higher rate of severe PPH in France, that may result in the higher maternal mortality due to PPH. Inadequate practices in anesthesia and critical care could be involved in this severity. But the association between specific components of anesthesia and critical care management and PPH severity remains to be exploredPARIS-JUSSIEU-Bib.électronique (751059901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Transfusion practices in postpartum hemorrhage: a population-based study.: Transfusion in Postpartum Haemorrhage

International audienceOBJECTIVE: To describe transfusion practices and anemia in women with postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), according to the clinical context. DESIGN: Population-based cohort study. SETTING: A total of 106 French maternity units (146 781 deliveries, December 2004 to November 2006). POPULATION: All women with PPH (n = 9365). METHODS: Description of the rate of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in PPH overall and compared with transfusion guidelines. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Transfusion practices and postpartum anemia by mode of delivery and cause of PPH in women given RBCs within 12 h after PPH. RESULTS: A total of 701 women received RBCs (0.48 ± 0.04% of all women and 7.5 ± 0.5% of women with PPH). Half the women with clinical PPH and hemoglobin lower than 7.0 g/dL received no RBCs. In the group with clinical PPH and transfusion within 12 h (n = 426), operative vaginal delivery was associated with a larger maximal hemoglobin drop, more frequent administration of fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) and pro-hemostatic agents [odds ratio (OR) 3.54, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.12-11.18], transfusion of larger volumes of RBCs and FFP, a higher rate of massive RBCs transfusion (OR 5.22, 95% CI 2.12-12.82), and more frequent use of conservative surgery (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.34-7.76), compared with spontaneous vaginal delivery. CONCLUSIONS: The RBC transfusion for PPH was not given in a large proportion of women with very low hemoglobin levels despite guidelines to the contrary. Operative vaginal delivery is characterized by higher blood loss and more transfusions than spontaneous vaginal delivery

Placenta accreta spectrum - variations in clinical practice and maternal morbidity between UK and France : a population-based comparative study

SM’s DPhil was funded by the Medical Research Council. PACCRETA was funded by PACCRETA was funded by the French Health Ministry under its Clinical Research Hospital Program (grant number: AOR12156) and by the Angers University Hospital.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Multifaceted intervention to decrease the rate of severe postpartum haemorrhage: the PITHAGORE6 cluster-randomised controlled trial.: Intervention to decrease severe postpartum haemorrhage

International audienceOBJECTIVE: Decreasing the prevalence of severe postpartum haemorrhages (PPH) is a major obstetrical challenge. These are often considered to be associated with substandard initial care. Strategies to increase the appropriateness of early management of PPH must be assessed. We tested the hypothesis that a multifaceted intervention aimed at increasing the translation into practice of a protocol for early management of PPH, would reduce the incidence of severe PPH. DESIGN: Cluster-randomised trial. POPULATION: 106 maternity units in six French regions. METHODS: Maternity units were randomly assigned to receive the intervention, or to have the protocol passively disseminated. The intervention combined outreach visits to discuss the protocol in each local context, reminders, and peer reviews of severe incidents, and was implemented in each maternity hospital by a team pairing an obstetrician and a midwife. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was the incidence of severe PPH, defined as a composite of one or more of: transfusion, embolisation, surgical procedure, transfer to intensive care, peripartum haemoglobin decrease of 4 g/dl or more, death. The main secondary outcomes were PPH management practices. RESULTS: The mean rate of severe PPH was 1.64% (SD 0.80) in the intervention units and 1.65% (SD 0.96) in control units; difference not significant. Some elements of PPH management were applied more frequently in intervention units-help from senior staff (P = 0.005), or tended to - second-line pharmacological treatment (P = 0.06), timely blood test (P = 0.09). CONCLUSION: This educational intervention did not affect the rate of severe PPH as compared with control units, although it improved some practices

Epidemiological analysis of peripartum hysterectomy across nine European countries

Introduction Peripartum hysterectomy is a surgical procedure performed for severe obstetric complications such as major obstetric hemorrhage. The prevalence of peripartum hysterectomy in high-resource settings is relatively low. Hence, international comparisons and studying indications and associations with mode of birth rely on the use of national obstetric survey data. Objectives were to calculate the prevalence and indications of peripartum hysterectomy and its association with national cesarean section rates and mode of birth in nine European countries. Material and methods We performed a descriptive, multinational, population-based study among women who underwent peripartum hysterectomy. Data were collected from national or multiregional databases from nine countries participating in the International Network of Obstetric Survey Systems. We included hysterectomies performed from 22 gestational weeks up to 48 hours postpartum for obstetric hemorrhage, as this was the most restrictive, overlapping case definition between all countries. Main outcomes were prevalence and indications of peripartum hysterectomy. Additionally, we compared prevalence of peripartum hysterectomy between women giving birth vaginally and by cesarean section, and between women giving birth with and without previous cesarean section. Finally, we calculated correlation between prevalence of peripartum hysterectomy and national cesarean section rates, as well as national rates of women giving birth after a previous cesarean section. Results A total of 1302 peripartum hysterectomies were performed in 2 498 013 births, leading to a prevalence of 5.2 per 10 000 births ranging from 2.6 in Denmark to 10.7 in Italy. Main indications were uterine atony (35.3%) and abnormally invasive placenta (34.8%). Relative risk of hysterectomy after cesarean section compared with vaginal birth was 9.1 (95% CI 8.0-10.4). Relative risk for hysterectomy for birth after previous cesarean section compared with birth without previous cesarean section was 10.6 (95% CI 9.4-12.1). A strong correlation was observed between national cesarean section rate and prevalence of peripartum hysterectomy (rho = 0.67, P < .05). Conclusions Prevalence of peripartum hysterectomy may vary considerably between high-income countries. Uterine atony and abnormally invasive placenta are the commonest indications for hysterectomy. Birth by cesarean section and birth after previous cesarean section are associated with nine-fold increased risk of peripartum hysterectomy

Tranexamic acid for the prevention of postpartum bleeding: Protocol for a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces the risk of death and is recommended as a treatment for women with severe postpartum bleeding. There is hope that giving TXA shortly before or immediately after birth could prevent postpartum bleeding. Extending the use of TXA to prevent harmful postpartum bleeding, could improve outcomes for millions of women, however we must carefully consider the balance of benefits and potential harms. This article describes the protocol for a systematic review and individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness and safety of TXA for preventing postpartum bleeding and to explore how the effects vary by underlying risk and other patient characteristics. METHODS: We will search for prospectively registered, randomised controlled trials involving 500 patients or more assessing the effects of TXA in women giving birth. Two authors will extract data and assess risk of bias. IPD data will be sought from eligible trials. Primary outcomes will be life-threatening bleeding and thromboembolic events. We will use a one-stage model to analyse the data. Subgroup analyses will be conducted to explore whether the effectiveness and safety of TXA varies by underlying risk, type birth, maternal haemoglobin, and timing of TXA. This protocol is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022345775). CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review and IPD meta-analysis will address important clinical questions about the effectiveness and safety of the use of TXA for the prevention of postpartum bleeding that cannot be answered reliably using aggregate data and will inform the decision of who to treat

Mortalité maternelle (mesures, causes et déterminants liés aux pratiques obstétricales)

La mortalité maternelle demeure un indicateur fondamental de santé maternelle dans les pays développés. Une stratégie cohérente de réduction de la mortalité maternelle doit être fondée sur un indicateur fiable. Les statistiques de mortalité maternelle disponibles ne permettent pas des comparaisons valables entre pays, en raison de l hétérogénéité des méthodes de surveillance et des définitions. La première partie du travail de thèse avait pour objectif de comparer le niveau et les causes de mortalité liée à la grossesse (MLG) dans 2 pays européens, France et Finlande, et 2 états des Etats-Unis, Massachusetts et Caroline du Nord, et d examiner les limites des statistiques officielles. Une méthode commune et améliorée d identification et de classement des morts associées à la grossesse a été utilisée pour 1999-2000. Les taux révisés de MLG variaient de 7.9 en Finlande à 15.5 en Caroline du Nord pour 100000 naissances vivantes. La sous-estimation de la mortalité liée à la grossesse par les statistiques de routine variait de 22% en France à 93% au Massachusetts. La répartition des causes de MLG variait selon les régions. Cette étude montre les limites des statistiques officielles de mortalité maternelle. Au delà des taux de MLG, la comparaison des profils de causes de MLG, entre régions de développement comparable, permet d orienter les stratégies préventives et les recherches ultérieures. Une meilleure compréhension des facteurs augmentant le risque de mortalité maternelle est fondamentale dans une optique de prévention de cet évènement tragique et potentiellement des évènements morbides sévères d amont. Il parait particulièrement intéressant d examiner les facteurs de risque de mortalité maternelle liés aux pratiques obstétricales, d une part parce que ces pratiques sont susceptibles d être modifiées, et d autre part en raison des bouleversements qui se produisent actuellement en obstétrique. Dans le cadre de ce travail de thèse, l étude de l association entre l accouchement par césarienne et la mortalité maternelle a été privilégiée en raison de l inflation de cet acte. Une étude cas/témoins en population a été menée. Les cas ont été sélectionnés à partir des décès de l enquête confidentielle sur les morts maternelles pour la période 1996-2000. L échantillon témoin a été identifié à partir de l enquête nationale périnatale de 1998. Après ajustement sur les facteurs de confusion potentiels, l accouchement par CS était associé à un risque de MMPP multiplié par 3 par rapport à la voie basse, sans différence entre les CS prepartum ou intrapartum. La CS était associée à un risque significativement augmenté de MMPP par complication de l anesthésie, infection et thromboembolie veineuse. Encore maintenant, l accouchement par CS est associé à un risque accru de mort maternelle du postpartum. Cet élément doit être pris en compte lors du choix de la voie d accouchement pour chaque femme. La connaissance des causes impliquées dans cet excès de risque peut aider à la mise en oeuvre de stratégies de prévention lors des CS.PARIS-BIUSJ-Thèses (751052125) / SudocPARIS-BIUSJ-Physique recherche (751052113) / SudocSudocFranceF

Organization and quality of care in childbirth in private for-profit maternity units in France: Risks of the deprofessionalization of midwives

International audienceObjectiveIn France, in 2007–2009, the risk of peripartum maternal mortality, especially the one due to hemorrhage, was higher in the private for-profit maternity units than in university maternity units. Our research, a component of the MATORG project, aimed to characterize the organization of care around childbirth in these private clinics to analyze how it might influence the quality and safety of care.Material and methodsWe conducted a qualitative survey in 2018 in the maternity units of two private for-profit clinics in the Paris region, interviewing 33 staff members (midwives, obstetricians, anesthesiologists, childcare assistants and managers) and observing in the delivery room for 20 days. The perspective of the sociology of organizations guided our data analysis.Findings/resultsOur study distinguished three principal risk factors for the safety of care in maternity clinics. The division of labor among healthcare professionals threatens the maintenance of midwives' competencies and makes it difficult for these clinics to keep midwives on staff. The mode of remuneration of both midwives and obstetricians incentivizes overwork by both, inducing fatigue and decreasing vigilance. Finally the clinical decision-making of some obstetricians is not collegial and creates conflicts with midwives, who criticize the technicization of childbirth. Some demotivated midwives no longer consider themselves responsible for patients' safety.ConclusionsThe organization of work in private maternity units can put the safety of care around childbirth at risk. The division of labor, staff scheduling/planning, and a lack of collegiality in decision-making increase the risk of deprofessionalizing midwives

TRAAP2 - TRAnexamic Acid for Preventing postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean delivery: a multicenter randomized, doubleblind, placebo- controlled trial - a study protocol.

An antifibrinolytic agent that blocks lysine-binding sites on plasminogen molecules, tranexamic acid reduces bleeding-related mortality in women with postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), especially administered fairly soon after delivery. According to the randomized controlled trials thus far reported for PPH prevention after cesarean deliveries (n = 16), women who received tranexamic acid had significantly less postpartum blood loss and no increase in severe adverse effects. These were, however, primarily small single-center studies that had fundamental methodological flaws. Multicenter randomized controlled trials with adequate power are necessary to demonstrate its value persuasively before tranexamic acid goes into widespread use for the prevention of PPH after cesarean deliveries.[br/] This study will be a multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial with two parallel groups including 4524 women with cesarean deliveries before or during labor, at a term ≥34 weeks, modeled on our previous study of tranexamic acid administered after vaginal deliveries. Treatment (either tranexamic acid 1 g or placebo) will be administered intravenously just after birth. All women will also receive a prophylactic uterotonic agent. The primary outcome will be the incidence of PPH, defined by a calculated estimated blood loss > 1000 mL or a red blood cell transfusion before day 2 postpartum. This study will have 80% power to show a 20% reduction in the incidence of PPH, from 15.0 to 12.0%.[br/] As an, inexpensive, easy to administer drug that can be add to the routine management of cesarean births in delivery rooms, tranexamic acid is a promising candidate for preventing PPH after these births. This large, adequately powered, multicenter randomized placebo-controlled trial seeks to determine if the benefits of the routine prophylactic use of tranexamic acid after cesarean delivery significantly outweigh its risks.[br/] ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03431805 (February 12, 2018)

Postpartum haemorrhage: definition(s), incidence, causes & classification

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe