Right of superficies

Právo stavby Abstrakt Rigorózní práce se zabývá problematikou staveb, jež byly z toho nebo onoho důvodu zřízeny na pozemku, který nepatřil tomu, kdo stavbu zřizoval, což vyžadovalo a vyžaduje různá řešení. V současné době mezi taková řešení patří i staronový institut práva stavby. Jde o jeden ze způsobů, jímž právní normy řeší kolizi vlastnických práv, neboť v případě, kdy vlastníkem pozemku je někdo jiný, nežli komu patří stavba na pozemku (ať již na jeho povrchu anebo třeba i pod ním), vlastnická práva těchto osob na sebe do jisté míry narážejí a mohou se dostat do vzájemné kolize, především může dojít k tomu, že ten, kdo stavbu na cizím pozemku postavil, o vlastnické právo k ní přijde. Právě takovým kolizím vlastnických práv brání právní instituty umožňující legální existenci stavby na cizím pozemku a zejména umožňující, aby jejím vlastníkem zůstal stavebník, tedy umožňující, aby se jejím vlastníkem nestal vlastník pozemku. Práce se právem stavby zabývá především de lege lata a v kapitolách věnovaných právu stavby jako věcnému právu a právu stavby jako nemovité věci se zabývá i některými otázkami vzniku či zániku práva stavby. Je koncipována zároveň z hlediska soukromoprávního, přičemž se nezabývá tím, že zřízení práva stavby bezúplatně představuje zdanitelný příjem na straně stavebníka, ani tím, že...Right of superficies Abstract The thesis deals with the issue of buildings constructed for one reason or another on a plot of land that do not belong to the person who set up the building, which has been requiring various solutions. At present, such solutions include the re-established institute of right of superficies. This is one of the ways in which legal standards resolve conflicts of proprietary rights, because in the case where the owner of the plot of land is one person, while the owner of the building on the plot (either on its surface or underneath thereof) is another one, the proprietary rights of such persons do or may collide to a certain extent. In particular, the person who built the building on someone else's plot of land may lose the ownership thereof. Such conflicts in proprieatary rights are prevented by legal institutes enabling legal existence of a building on someone else's land and, in particular, enabling the builder to remain the owner of the building, i.e. preventing the land owner to become the owner of the building. The thesis investigates the right of superficies mainly de lege lata and in its chapters dedicated to the right of superficies as a right in rem and the right of superficies as an immovable property it also deals with the issues of the origin and termination of the...Department of Civil LawKatedra občanského právaFaculty of LawPrávnická fakult

Hybrid nanomaterials of biomolecule corona coated magnetic nanoparticles and their interaction with biological systems

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are interesting for various applications in medicine. If administered to a biological system like the human body, a so-called biomolecule corona is formed on the surface of the particles, which highly determines the biological fate of the particles. To elucidate whether a preconditioning of the MNPs by incubation with biomolecules influences biocompatibility and bioavailability, the formation of such a corona was investigated in more detail. For this, the influence of particle characteristics, e.g., surface charge, as well as various incubation parameters on the resulting corona was investigated. It was found that the biomolecule corona is formed immediately after bringing together the particles with the biomolecule source. By variation of the biomolecule content of the incubation medium, the size of the corona can be modulated. Regarding the interaction of the nanoparticles with cells, it was shown that the presence of a biomolecule corona reduces the interaction and that a more pronounced biomolecule corona leads to a reduced uptake of the magnetic nanohybrids into the cells. Cell viability tests confirmed biocompatibility of the biomolecule-coated particles. A more pronounced corona promotes a higher cell viability. By using a shell-less hen's egg model, no or reduced adverse effects of all biomolecule-coated MNP for this in vivo test were found. Resulting from these investigations, we were able to demonstrate that our newly developed nanohybrids significantly reduce in vivo toxicity compared to uncoated MNPs

Effektive Förderung der mündlichen Kommunikation bei DaZ-Schüler:innen: Eine Untersuchung von Strategien und Methoden

Die vorliegende Masterarbeit widmet sich der Untersuchung des Stellenwertes der mündlichen Kommunikation bei DaZ- (Deutsch als Zweitsprache) Kindern im schulischen Umfeld. Das Ziel der Studie besteht darin, die Bedeutung der Kommunikationsfertigkeiten für DaZ-Schüler und Schülerinnen zu erforschen und deren Auswirkungen auf ihre Sprachentwicklung und Bildungserfolg zu analysieren. Die Forschungsfrage zielt darauf ab, den mündlichen Sprechbeitrag der Lernenden im sprachsensiblen Unterricht kritisch zu untersuchen und welche Maßnahmen von den Lehrpersonen ergriffen werden, um ihnen die Möglichkeit zu geben, ihre sprachlichen Fertigkeiten zu entwickeln. Mithilfe einer umfangreichen Analyse bestehender Literatur, empirischer Daten und qualitativer Beobachtungen werden verschiedene Aspekte beleuchtet. Das Datenmaterial wurde anhand von dreizehn befragten Lehrpersonen schriftlich gesammelt und analysiert. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse wurden mittels einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring sukzessive ausgewertet und in Kategorien strukturiert. Dies ermöglicht einen umfassenden Überblick über die Antworten der befragten Teilnehmenden. Zusätzlich erfolgt eine Auseinandersetzung mit didaktischen Konzepten und methodischen Ansätzen, welche die Sprechfertigkeit im Unterricht sowie im außerschulischen Kontext fördern sollen. Im Kontext dazu wird eine Vielzahl von Materialien- und Medienressourcen aufgeführt und deren Einsatzmöglichkeiten wurden eingehend erörtert. Im Zuge der hier durchgeführten Studie werden potenzielle Sprachbarrieren festgestellt und in der vorliegenden Arbeit mögliche Lösungsansätze dargelegt. Der literarische und empirische Teil der Arbeit sind Gegenstand einer umfassenden Untersuchung und Diskussion der Ursachen und Hintergründe dieser eventuellen Hindernisse. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse dieser Studie liefern Aufschluss über die Relevanz der mündlichen Kommunikation sowie Impulse an Pädagog:innen, 4 Eltern und Bildungsinstitutionen, um die Entwicklung und Förderung der kommunikativen Fertigkeit zu begünstigen. Diese legen eine gezielte Förderung der Sprechkompetenz mithilfe geeigneter Methoden und Hilfsmittel nahe, welche von den Forschungsteilnehmer:innen als geeignet für den Einsatz im Unterricht angeführt werden. Mithilfe dieser Methoden und der Auswahl und Strukturierung adäquater Aufgaben, welche die DaZ-Schüler:innen zum Sprechen anregen, wird eine nachhaltige Unterstützung des Zweitspracherwerbs angestrebtThe aim of this master’s thesis is to investigate the significance of verbal communication in the school environment for children with German as a Second Language (known as DaZ). The study seeks to explore the importance of communication competence for German learners and analyze its impact on language development and academic achievement. The research question critically examines students’ verbal contribution in class and what measure are being taken by teachers to provide opportunities to develop their language skills. Using an extensive analysis of literature, empirical data, and qualitative observations various aspects are examined. The data gathered from the responses of thirteen participants yields valuable insights into the significance and instructional strategies pertaining to verbal communication within the classroom context. The research findings were systematically evaluated using a qualitative content analysis following the Mayring approach and structured into categories. This provides a comprehensible overview of the responses from the participants in the study. Furthermore, there is an examination of didactic concepts and methodological approaches for the enhancement of speaking skills in the classroom as well as extracurricular contexts. In this context, a variety of materials and media resources will be presented and their potential applications are thoroughly discussed. During the research potential language barriers were identified and possible solutions were outlined. In the theoretical and empirical parts of the thesis, the possible reasons and backgrounds of these potential barriers are extensively investigated and discussed. The results of this study are intended to demonstrate the importance of verbal communication and to encourage educators, parents and educational institutions to support the development and promotion of communicative skills. Consequently, the significant impact of speaking on the learning process is highlighted by the empirical findings of this 6 study. It has shown that the speaking discourse proportion among the students constitutes a diminished percentage, necessitating targeted intervention and support. The participants outlined communication and compensation strategies designed to further communication and emphasised the key role of the teacher in creating a supportive classroom environment. Moreover, the study reveals insights about students' reluctance to engage in speaking discussions and potential factorsincluding fear of mistakes, insecurity and wellbeing. In order to overcome these barriers, the participants offered a variety of strategies for the promotion of speaking. Essential elements include cultivating a positive attitude towards mistakes and giving students sufficient time. Collaborative activities such as group or partner work are suggested to create a safe environment for students before addressing the whole class. Conclusively, though the implementation of different teaching formats, including frontal and alternative teaching methods, communication skills can be promoted. The assessment of progress in their speaking skills is based on language proficiency assessments such as Mika-D and on observations and recordings made in the classroom, without a pre-defined assessment framework

Right of superficies

Right of superficies Abstract The thesis deals with the issue of buildings constructed for one reason or another on a plot of land that do not belong to the person who set up the building, which has been requiring various solutions. At present, such solutions include the re-established institute of right of superficies. This is one of the ways in which legal standards resolve conflicts of proprietary rights, because in the case where the owner of the plot of land is one person, while the owner of the building on the plot (either on its surface or underneath thereof) is another one, the proprietary rights of such persons do or may collide to a certain extent. In particular, the person who built the building on someone else's plot of land may lose the ownership thereof. Such conflicts in proprieatary rights are prevented by legal institutes enabling legal existence of a building on someone else's land and, in particular, enabling the builder to remain the owner of the building, i.e. preventing the land owner to become the owner of the building. The thesis investigates the right of superficies mainly de lege lata and in its chapters dedicated to the right of superficies as a right in rem and the right of superficies as an immovable property it also deals with the issues of the origin and termination of the..

Table Fan

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