ARCHEOLOGICAL INVENTORY AT MULTIPLE LOCALITIES, BADLANDS NATIONAL PARK, SOUTH DAKOTA

Midwest Archeological Center (MWAC) personnel completed archeological inventories at a number of project localities in the north and south units at Badlands National Park (BADL), South Dakota, in July 2012. The majority of work was related to Maintenance activities and included shovel test and/or pedestrian inventories in advance of fenceline installation or replacement at three housing units and the bison corral, trail improvements at Pinnacles Overlook and the Notch Trail, sand shed construction at the Maintenance facility, and housing unit construction at the White River Visitor Center in the South Unit. Several site condition assessments were also completed. Miscellaneous projects involved removing material from a small hearth discovered eroding out of a social trail at Ancient Hunters Overlook and a site visit to Johnny Spring, which the park considered developing for bison use. In addition, a pedestrian inventory was conducted across the Kelly parcel, a tract of land that currently belongs to the U.S. Forest Service, but will be traded with a private landowner who currently grazes cattle there in exchange for his inholding within BADL

Hopewell Newsletter- June 2010

1. Small Scale Geoarchaeological Investigations of Earthen Wall Construction at the Hopeton Earthworks (33RO 26) Several geoarchaeological and geophysical investigations have been conducted at the Hopeton Earthworks (33RO26) and met with good success (Figure 1). As such, soil cores excavated in the summer of 2007 were studied using a two-pronged methodology of soil profile characterization and magnetic susceptibility testing. These techniques were employed to closely examine three sections of earthen wall at different locations at Hopeton as a means of understanding the soil composition of the walls and assessing possible uniformity in wall construction across the site. The following focuses solely on the geoarchaeological study of the selected locations. 2. The Role of Geophysics at Hopewell Culture National Historical Park Hopewell Culture National Historical Park is best known for its earthwork complexes built by the Hopewell during the Middle Woodland period. The park was originally established in 1923 to preserve the Mound City site after its use as a World War I training camp. In the past two decades, the park has added four additional earthworks—Hopeton Earthworks, Hopewell Mound Group, Seip Earthworks, and High Bank Works—and recently had its boundaries increased to include Spruce Hill. The recent growth in land located within the park has provided opportunities for archaeological research, most of which used some sort of geophysical technique. 3. Recent Investigations at the Mound City Group Ohio Hopewell earthworks have been studied extensively, both in historic and in modern times. Mound excavations during historic and modern times have revealed much about the construction and use of mound space. More recent research at Hopewell sites in Ohio has focused on non-mound areas both within and adjacent to the earthworks. This article focuses on current research conducted outside of the enclosure at the Mound City Group. 4. Clues to the Relationship of the Riverbank Site (33RO1059) to other Ohio Hopewell Sites Through Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis on Pottery Excavations were conducted at the Riverbank Site (33RO1059), located by the Hopewell Site (33RO27), in 2004 and 2006 to gather data from the site before it is eroded away by the Paint Creek and to improve understanding of the role of small sites located near large Hopewell earthworks. Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) was conducted on pottery from the Riverbank Site to help clarify its relationship with other nearby sites. Fifteen sherds from the site were sent to the University of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR) for INAA, and the results were compared to the larger database of Hopewell ceramics. Based on the results, which show that the fifteen sherds formed a unique trace element compositional group, the site likely represents a shortterm occupation, possibly for a pilgrimage to the Hopewell Site, and the ceramics were likely either locally constructed for use at the site or constructed elsewhere to carry items on the way to Hopewell. 5. Feature Finds from the Riverbank Site, 33RO1059 Located just south and east of the Hopewell site’s Square Enclosure by about 225 meters is the Riverbank site, 33RO1059, which represents multiple occupations spanning the Archaic through historic periods, and includes a significant Middle Woodland component. Particularly noteworthy are two impressive pit features that were encountered in 2006 during a data recovery project undertaken by the Midwest Archeological Center. These pits, Features 7 and 8, would have been contemporaneous with Hopewell activities at the nearby earthwork complex, and the material culture recovered from them provides an intriguing glimpse of activities outside of the earthwork walls. 6. The Initial Phase of the Magnetic Investigations of the Mound City Group (32RO 32) at the Hopewell Culture National Historical Park, Ross County, Ohio The Mound City Group (Site 32RO32) covers approximately 13 acres. It contained at least 23 mounds when Squier and Davis made the first study of the mound complex in 1846. In the summer of 2009, the Midwest Archeological Center conducted the initial phase of a magnetic survey of the entire site. The magnetic survey in the southern portion of the site covered 11,200 m2 or 2.77 acres. The magnetic data indicated the presence of numerous magnetic anomalies associated with the Hopewell occupation and with the World War I training facility of Camp Sherman

Genomewide association studies of suicide attempts in US soldiers

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/139960/1/ajmgb32594.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/139960/2/ajmgb32594_am.pd

Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study

Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ≥ 0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe

Getting Your Hands a Little Less Dirty: An Exercise in Using Geophysics to Understand Hopewell Earthwork Construction

Hopewellian earthworks are extremely complex in their make-up and indicate precise and planned soil placement by participants in the Hopewell culture. As such, recent research at the Hopeton Earthworks in Chillicothe, Ohio has focused on understanding how earthworks were constructed. Eight backhoe trenches excavated through the earthwork walls have revealed intricate and diverse soil stratigraphy. However, researchers do not yet know where the soils originated; this study aims to answer that question. To accomplish this, magnetic susceptibility testing was conducted on soil cores taken from in and around the earthworks. These results are compared to susceptibility testing results done on trench profile walls in order to identify where soil matches occur. This paper outlines the methods and results of this study

Temporal Insanity: Woodland Archaeology and the Construction of Valid Chronologies

This paper will bring to light the problems existing in the current, working chronology employed in Woodland Period archaeology and determine how, possibly, these problems can be alleviated. I assert that creating new chronologies that speak to specific research questions and doing away with a static and unchanging culture-historical perspective in Woodland Period archaeology will help archaeologists better investigate how people lived and interacted during this time and, more importantly, how they facilitated and experienced cultural change in the Eastern Woodlands of North America. By lifting the framework culture history has superimposed on the archaeology of Woodland peoples (i.e. Adena, Hopewell, Fort Ancient, and early Late Woodland), it may be possible to see cultural patterns that were previously truncated, altered, or overshadowed. I hope that this new treatment of chronology as an indicator of change through time will help archaeologists achieve a greater understanding of cultural patterns in the Woodland Period and place activities such as earthwork and mound construction, ritual, and habitation in a broader context than culture history currently allows

Hopewell Earthworks of Southern Ohio: A Study of the Purpose of Earthworks

Across the prehistoric landscape, the Ohio Hopewell constructed large mounds and earthworks, and though archaeologists have a general understanding of this phenomenon, questions remain as to the location, purpose, and construction of the earthworks. Answering them, however, is difficult due to the paucity of information, both written and archaeological, regarding the Hopewell and their culture. This paper attempts to discuss how the Hopewell chose earthwork locations, how the earthworks functioned within the culture, how culture affected the construction of the earthworks, and the logistics of time and labor that go into creating such large earthen structures

ARCHEOLOGICAL INVENTORY AT MULTIPLE LOCALITIES, BADLANDS NATIONAL PARK, SOUTH DAKOTA

Midwest Archeological Center (MWAC) personnel completed archeological inventories at a number of project localities in the north and south units at Badlands National Park (BADL), South Dakota, in July 2012. The majority of work was related to Maintenance activities and included shovel test and/or pedestrian inventories in advance of fenceline installation or replacement at three housing units and the bison corral, trail improvements at Pinnacles Overlook and the Notch Trail, sand shed construction at the Maintenance facility, and housing unit construction at the White River Visitor Center in the South Unit. Several site condition assessments were also completed. Miscellaneous projects involved removing material from a small hearth discovered eroding out of a social trail at Ancient Hunters Overlook and a site visit to Johnny Spring, which the park considered developing for bison use. In addition, a pedestrian inventory was conducted across the Kelly parcel, a tract of land that currently belongs to the U.S. Forest Service, but will be traded with a private landowner who currently grazes cattle there in exchange for his inholding within BADL

Goodbye Columbus: Accommodation Taxes and OTAs

© 2017, © The Author(s) 2017. In 2006, the community of Columbus, Georgia, filed a lawsuit over uncollected accommodation taxes aimed at online travel agencies [OTAs]. Defendants included companies such as Expedia and Orbitz. In retaliation for the lawsuit, the OTAs delisted the city’s hotels from their sites. Several years later, the lawsuits were settled and normalcy returned. The delisting period provided an interesting set of circumstances that allowed exploration of the power balance between OTAs and municipalities. It also provided, using nonexperimental “real-life” data, some insight into an issue that has received significant trade and academic attention—the influence of OTAs upon hotel occupancies and rates. The results provided should be of interest to communities and their tourism officials in disputes similar to that experienced by Columbus. Hoteliers, the third party caught in the crossfire of these disputes, will also find the research results of value

The effect of delisting a hotel market from online travel agency websites: Evidence from Columbus, Georgia

© 2018 Cognizant, LLC. The purpose of this article is to further explore the relationship and balance of power between online travel agencies (OTAs) and hotel properties, specifically addressing and generally supporting the established but contentious concept of the billboard effect. The research also introduces the concept of chain immunity, an ancillary benefit that unlisted hotels receive as a function of the billboard effect. The empirical study conducted suggests that OTAs have less power than is generally perceived versus hotels. The findings further provide hoteliers with strong justification to support experimentation with their property\u27s sales distribution systems as they seek to determine the most effective balance of OTA versus Brand.com promotional efforts for their properties