Hematologic changes in propofol-anesthetized dogs with or without tramadol administration

Drugs commonly used in anesthesia practice may significantly alter the oxidative state of blood cells. This mechanism could contribute to the immune suppression that occurs transiently in the early postoperative period. Thus, we assessed the effects of continuous rate infusion (CRI) of propofol associated or not with tramadol on hematologic parameters in dogs. Eight adult mongrel dogs were anesthetized on 2 occasions, 15 d apart. Two groups were formed: control group (CG) and tramadol group (GT). Propofol was used for induction (10mg kg-1) followed by a CRI (0.7mg kg-1minute-1). The animals were positioned in lateral recumbency and mechanically ventilated with inspired oxygen fraction of 0.6. In TG, tramadol (2mg kg-1) followed by a CRI (0.5mg kg-1minute-1) was administered in dogs. In the CG the sodium chloride (NaCl) solution at 0.9% was administered followed by its CRI, in the same volume that was used in TG. The measurement was taken before anesthesia induction (Tbasal), 30 minutes after induction (T0) and then at 30-minute intervals (T30 to T60). Red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoblogin concentration and total leukocytes count decreased from T0 in both groups. In TG, lymphocytes count at Tbasal [1.86 (0.82) x103µl-1] was greater than at T0, T30 and T60 [0.96(0.50), 0.92(0.48) and 0.95(0.48) x103µl-1, respectively]. No significant differences were observed for platelets neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil and monocyte count. In dogs, propofol-anesthesia associated or not with tramadol promoted decrease in blood cell count and should be used with caution in immunossupressed patients.Fármacos comumente utilizados na prática anestésica podem alterar significativamente o estado oxidativo das células sanguíneas. Esse mecanismo pode contribuir para a supressão imunológica que ocorre transitoriamente no pós-operatório imediato. Assim, foram avaliados os efeitos da infusão contínua (CRI) de propofol associado ou não com tramadol sobre parâmetros hematológicos em cães. Oito cães adultos foram anestesiados em duas ocasiões, com 15 dias de intervalo. Dois grupos foram formados: grupo-controle (CG) e grupo tramadol (TG). O propofol foi utilizada para a indução (10mg kg-1), seguido por CRI (0,7mg kg-1 minuto-1). Os animais foram posicionados em decúbito lateral e ventilados com fração inspirada de oxigênio de 0,6. Em TG, tramadol (2mg kg-1), seguido por CRI (0,5kg de 1 minuto-1mg), foi administrado em cães. Enquanto no CG, o cloreto de sódio solução (NaCl) a 0,9% foi administrado seguido por sua CRI, no mesmo volume que foi usado no TG. As mensurações das variáveis foram realizadas antes da indução anestésica (Tbasal), 30 minutos após a indução (T0) e em intervalos de 30 minutos (T30 a T60). Hemácias, hematócrito, hemoglobina e leucócitos totais diminuíram a partir de T0 em ambos os grupos. No TG, contagem de linfócitos no Tbasal [1,86 (0,82) x103µl-1] foi maior do que em T0, T30 e T60 [0,96 (0,50), 0,92 (0,48) e 0,95 (0,48) x103µl-1, respectivamente]. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas para plaquetas, neutrófilos, eosinófilos, basófilos e monócitos. Em cães, anestesia com propofol associado ou não ao tramadol promove alterações importantes no hemograma e deve ser utilizada com cautela em pacientes imunossuprimidos.Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, BrasilFaculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brasi

Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction in Humans:Tale or Myth

Hypoxic Pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) describes the physiological adaptive process of lungs to preserves systemic oxygenation. It has clinical implications in the development of pulmonary hypertension which impacts on outcomes of patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery. This review examines both acute and chronic hypoxic vasoconstriction focusing on the distinct clinical implications and highlights the role of calcium and mitochondria in acute versus the role of reactive oxygen species and Rho GTPases in chronic HPV. Furthermore it identifies gaps of knowledge and need for further research in humans to clearly define this phenomenon and the underlying mechanism

Effects of a selective Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 on oxidative stress parameters in acute dichlorvos poisoning in rats.

This study examined the effects of Y-27632, a selective Rho-kinase inhibitor, on organophosphate-induced acute toxicity in rats. Rats were randomly divided into four groups as control (corn oil), dichlorvos (30 mg kg(-1) i.p.), 1 and 10 mg kg(-1) Y-27632 + dichlorvos groups. Cholinergic signs (fatigue, tremor, cyanosis, hyper-secretion, fasciculations) were observed in all the rats in the dichlorvos group and the mortality rate was 50%. No cholinergic findings and deaths were observed in the control and Y-27632 groups. Plasma cholinesterase activities were suppressed with dichlorvos and these reductions were attenuated with Y-27632 pretreatment. There was a marked increase in plasma malondialdehyde level in the dichlorvos group, but Y-27632 pretreatment abolished this elevation. Dichlorvos markedly depressed cardiac paraoxonase activity, but these changes were not markedly modified with Y-27632. Total antioxidant capacities, total oxidant status, oxidative stress index, total free sulfhydryl groups and catalase activities in plasma and cardiac tissues were not markedly different between the groups. No significant changes were observed with cardiac myeloperoxidase activities or plasma arylesterase and ceruloplasmin activities. In conclusion, our results suggest that Rho-kinase pathway is involved in organophosphate intoxication, and a decrease in cardiac paraoxonase activities may play a role in the pathogenesis of acute organophosphate poisoning in rats. Copyright (c) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Oral deltamethrin ingestion due in a suicide attempt

PubMedID: 20568424Deltamethrin intoxication is uncommon throughout the world. The toxicity of insecticides containing pyrethroids is considered relatively lower than that of other insecticides such as compounds containing orga-nophosphate. Acute deltamethrin poisoning due to oral ingestions is relatively rare. This report describes a case of a 32-year-old woman admitted to the emergency department (ED) with irritability, muscle cramps, discomfort, sensation of burning, loss of sensation in her feet and arms and dyspnea due to deltamethrin ingestion. Deltamethrin intoxication should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients presented to ED with nonspecific neurological symptoms. The supportive treatment in acute phase of intoxication is critical in the management of these patients since higher doses of deltamethrin ingestion may cause severe symptoms