Intervention Effects follow from Scope Rigidity in Turkish

Intervention effects in Turkish wh-questions can be obviated by the overt movement of the wh-phrase past the intervener. This cross-linguistically robust method of intervention obviation raises an important question: what is it that bans the covert movement of the wh-phrase? I argue that this question finds a natural answer in Scope Rigidity, a general restriction on the availability of inverse scope. Importantly, including wh-phrases in the domain of Scope Rigidity calls for a scopal account of wh-phrases. I argue that this general approach has welcome consequences in explaining the source of intervention effects and in predicting what can intervene, and can even accommodate how extraction islands containing wh-phrases behave in intervention configurations

Comparison of interspecific and intraspecific hybrid populations for yield, yield components and fiber quality parameters at F2 and fF generations in cotton

Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Araştırma ve Uygulama Çiftliğinde 2009 ve 2010 yıllarında yürütülen bu araştırma ana ebeveyn olarak seçilen Aşkabat 100, Aydın 110, Sealand 542 (G. barbadanse L.), GW Teks ve TAM94L-25 (G. hirsutum L.) genotipler ile baba ebeveyn olarak seçilen Carmen, Şahin 2000 ve SG 125 (G. hirsutum L.) genotiplerinin line tester yöntemine uygun olarak 2006 yılında melezlemesi ile başlamıştır. Tek koza yöntemine uygun olarak oluşturulan F2 ve F3 generasyonları sırasıyla, 2009 ve 2010 yıllarında, ebeveynler ve 15 melez kombinasyonuna ait tohumlar 1 sıra 6 m uzunluğunda ve 4 tekerrürlü tesadüf blokları deneme desenine uygun olarak ekilmiştir. Melez kombinasyonların F2 ve F3 generasyonlarındaki verim, verim komponentleri ve lif kalite özellikleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Melez populasyonların F2 ve F3 generasyonlarındaki verim ve lif kalite özellikleri birlikte değerlendirildiğinde, Aşkabat 100 x SG 125, Aydın 110 x SG 125, TAM94L?25 x Carmen ve TAM94L 25 x SG 125 melezlerinde uygulanacak tek bitki seleksiyonu ile kabul edilebilir verim potansiyeli ve iyileştirilmiş lif uzunluğuna sahip pamuk hatların geliştirilebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu çalışma aynı zamanda seleksiyon yapılacak melez populasyonların belirlenmesinde ebeveynlerin genel uyuşma yeteneği etkilerinin tek başına yeterli olmadığı, türler arası melez populasyonlarında melezlerin F1, F2 ve F3, türler içi melez populasyonlarında ise melezlerin F1 ve F2 generasyon ortalamalarının dikkate alınmasının daha yararlı olabileceğini ortaya koymuştur.The study was conducted at Adnan Menderes University Agriculture Faculty Experiment fields during 2010 and 2011 years. Aşkabat 100, Aydın 110, Sealand 542 (G. barbadanse L.), GW Teks, TAM 94L 25 (G. hirsutum L.) were used as a female parent and Carmen, Şahin 2000, SG 125 (G. hirsutum L.) were used as a male parent. The selected cotton genotypes were crossed by line tester method in 2006. F1 generation was grown in 2007 and single boll collected from each plants and bulked to develop F2 and F3 generations. Parents and 15 hybrids were planted on one row with 6 m long in 2009 and 2010 for F2 and F3 generations respectively. The experimental design was randomized block design with four replications. Hybrid combinations were compared in terms of yield, yield components and fiber quality parameter at F2 and F3 generations. The performance of all combinations for yield and fiber quality parameters at F2 and F3 generations showed that Aşkabat 100 x SG 125, Aydın 110 x SG 125, TAM94L 25 x Carmen and TAM94L 25 x SG 125 hybrid populations would be used for individaul plant selection in order to improve cotton lines having improved fiber length with acceptible yield potentials. The results also indicated that GCA of parents would not give enough information to estimate hybrids performance at later generations, and that the mean performance of F1 and F2 hybrids for intraspecific and the mean performance of F1, F2 and F3 hybrids for interspecific could be used to determine the best hybrid populations for further single plant selection

Protein oxidation and subsequent changes in chicken breast and thigh meats during long-term frozen storage

In this study, protein oxidation and subsequent changes were evaluated during the long-term frozen storage of chicken meat cuts. Boneless and skinless chicken breast and thigh meat cuts were packaged, frozen, and stored at −18 °C for 6 months, whereas physicochemical analysis and electrophoretic protein profile were evaluated every 1 month. In breast and thigh meats, carbonyl content was noted to increase, whereas sulphydryl content decreased during frozen storage (p<0.05). A significant decrease in protein solubility and water holding capacity (p<0.05) was also determined due to denaturation and aggregation of proteins as a result of protein oxidation. Myofibrillar proteins, particularly myosin heavy chain, were identified to be more susceptible to oxidation although no notable changes were determined in sarcoplasmic protein pattern. In general, significant proteolytic changes were particularly noted from the third month of storage onward. This could be a useful finding in order to make a decision for shelf life and thus minimize undesirable quality changes in chicken meats. Additionally, strong correlations were noted between the examined quality parameters

Superdotación: visiones y percepciones de los educadores

Teachers have the highest responsibility in education. Each student has different learning styles. Teachers need to have sufficient knowledge for student characteristics and organize education environments of students. There are students with different cognitive styles in every class. Gifted students have specific characteristics different from their peers. Teachers are expected to prepare appopriate learning environments and materials for gifted students. This study was aimed at determining the perceptions and opinions of teachers towards gifted students. Stratified sampling method was determined and 490 teachers constituted the sample of the study. Data of the research were collected with “Perceptions scale towards gifted students” and “Point of view scale towards the gifted”. The results showed that teachers have positive perceptions and positive opinions regarding gifted students. The findings revealed that there was a positive and significant relationship among teachers’ perceptions and opinions about gifted students.Los profesores tienen la mayor responsabilidad en la educación. Cada alumno tiene diferentes estilos de aprendizaje. Los maestros deben tener conocimientos suficientes sobre las características de los estudiantes y organizar los entornos educativos de los estudiantes. Hay estudiantes con diferentes estilos cognitivos en cada clase. Los estudiantes dotados tienen características específicas diferentes de sus compañeros. Se espera que los maestros preparen ambientes de aprendizaje apropiados y materiales para estudiantes dotados. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar las percepciones y opiniones de los maestros hacia los estudiantes dotados. Se determinó el método de muestreo estratificado y 490 docentes constituyeron la muestra del estudio. Los datos de la investigación se recopilaron con “Escala de percepciones hacia estudiantes superdotados” y “Escala de punto de vista hacia los dotados”. Los resultados mostraron que los maestros tienen percepciones positivas y opiniones positivas con respecto a los estudiantes dotados. Los hallazgos revelaron que había una relación positiva y significativa entre las percepciones y opiniones de los maestros sobre los estudiantes dotados

A Paradigm Gap in Turkish

In this paper, we argue that Turkish has a gap in the third person plural cell of the person-number agreement paradigm of desiderative constructions formed with the -AsI suffix. We provide evidence for this claim from a corpus search and an acceptability judgment experiment. The corpus search shows that the third person plural suffix is virtually unattested with -AsI desideratives and the results of the experiment show that the third person plural suffix significantly reduces the acceptability of -AsI desideratives. In order to account for the observation that third person plural desideratives are unacceptable for most speakers, we argue that both negative evidence and competition accounts contribute to the existence and persistence of the gap. We discuss that competition accounts are supported by the presence of two competing forms whereas negative evidence accounts are supported by the anomalous relative frequency distribution in the paradigm of desideratives

Modifying result states in Turkish

This study investigates the properties of a durative modifier that exclusively targets result states in Turkish. We call this modifier RSM, standing for Result State Modifier. What is peculiar about RSM is that it can express the actual duration of a result state, as well as a non-actual duration for an actual result state. Our goal is to describe the conditions under which these two interpretations are licensed and to provide a compositional analysis of how these interpretations are derived. We argue that dispositions play a key role in the way RSM can describe a non-actual duration for an actual result state

Hypothetical Comparison in Turkish

In this paper, we present a preliminary investigation of the complex formative -mışcasına in Turkish, used for hypothetical comparison. We observe that -mışcasına differs from its counterparts in previously studied hypothetical comparison constructions in one key aspect: It can naturally target non-eventive nominal predicates. Furthermore, we find that -mışcasına is primarily licensed in linguistic contexts that make a gradable property available. Building on these initial empirical observations, we flesh out a novel account of hypothetical comparison that makes use of a well-established formalism of degree semantics and semantics of equatives, eschewing the intricate notion of event similarity which is central to previous accounts. In particular, we argue that -mışcasına compares an actual degree against hypothetical degrees, asserting that the actual degree is greater than or equal to any of the hypothetical degrees

*ABA in Romeyka Verbal Paradigms

In this work, we analyze present-tense and past-tense paradigms in Romeyka, an understudied Indo-European language belonging to the Hellenic sub-branch, spoken mainly in the Trabzon province in Turkey. We argue for decomposing the endings in the plural forms based on the regularities across present and past tense paradigms. While the proposed decomposition is empirically motivated, it leads to a theoretical challenge known in the literature as *ABA pattern, which has been extensively argued to be non-existent in morphology (e.g., Caha, 2009; Bobaljik, 2012; Middleton, 2020). We demonstrate this challenge for Nanosyntax (Starke, 2009), which predicts that syncretism will only be possible for structurally contiguous features. In an attempt to address this puzzle, we develop an account which relies on the idea that languages may differ in whether they single out the Speaker or the Addressee features in building first and second-person structures. Accordingly, the *ABA in Romeyka dissolves into a predicted pattern where the syncretism is the non-offending AAB pattern

Combined Effect of Ultrasound and Microwave Power in Tangerine Juice Processing: Bioactive Compounds, Amino Acids, Minerals, and Pathogens

The inhibition of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538 (S. aureus), Salmonella Enteritidis ATCC 13076 (S. Enteritidis), and Listeria monocytogenes DSM12464 (L. monocytogenes) is one of the main aims of the food industry. This study was the first in which the use of ultrasound and microwave power were applied to optimize the values of the bioactive components, amino acids, and mineral compositions of tangerine juice and to inhibit Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Enteritidis, and Listeria monocytogenes. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to describe the inactivation kinetics, and the effects of ultrasound treatment time (X-1: 12-20 min), ultrasound amplitude (X-2:60-100%), microwave treatment time (X-3: 30-40 s), and microwave power (X-4:200-700 W). The optimum parameters applied to a 5-log reduction in E. coli were determined as ultrasound (12 min, 60%) and microwave (34 s, 700 W). The optimum condition ultrasound-microwave treatment was highly effective in tangerine juice, achieving up to 5.27, 5.12, and 7.19 log reductions for S. aureus, S. Enteritidis, and L. monocytogenes, respectively. Ultrasound-microwave treatment increased the total phenolic compounds and total amino acids. While Cu, K, Mg, and Na contents were increased, Fe and Ca contents were lower in the UM-TJ (ultrasound-microwave-treated tangerine juice) sample. In this case, significant differences were detected in the color values of ultrasound-microwave-treated tangerine juice (UM-TJ) (p < 0.05). The results of this study showed that ultrasound-microwave treatment is a potential alternative processing and preservation technique for tangerine juice, resulting in no significant quality depreciation

Enhanced peak separation in XPS with external biasing

We have demonstrated that the An 4f peaks of the capped gold nanoparticles deposited on a SiO2 (20 nm)/Si substrate can be separated form the An 4f peaks of a gold metal strip, in contact with the same sample, by application of an external voltage bias to the sample rod while recording the XPS spectra. The external bias controls the flow of low-energy electrons falling on to the sample which in-turn controls the extent of the differential charging of the oxide layer leading to shifts in the binding energy of the gold nanoparticles in contact with the layer. The method is simple and effective for enhancing peak separation and identification of hetero-structures