Estimation of Keban Dam Reservoir Level in Turkey Using Artificial Neural Network and Support Vector Machines.

The correct estimation of the water level in a reservoir is crucial to optimizing the management of water resources. In this study, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machines (SVM) methods were used to estimate the level change of the dam reservoir. Keban Dam located in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey was selected as the application area and 731 daily observed data was used

Flood Modeling Based on The Precipitation Data by Using Hec-Ras Software Version (5.0.7).

Floods are one of the most destroyable disasters that affect human life directly. It is important to model floods for the determination of the vulnerable areas, and planning of the dangerous zones. For this purpose, HEC-RAS software is in use to create complex flood models. In general, for the modeling of a flood by using any software, an accurate topography of the area, boundary conditions, Manning coefficients, and the flow data are essential. However, it is not always possible to have the flow rate of all streams located in the study area. Because of the mentioned reason, in this study authors preferred to directly use precipitation data for modeling the flood. A model was created by using SRTM satellite data for the digital elevation model. A two-dimensional geometry was created, and the precipitation data was added to the model. The main output of the performed model showed that using precipitation data directly on a flood model is not fully representative of the extent of flooding. According to the model result, the flood is spread over a wider area than it actually was

Monthly Trend Investıgatıon of the Dıscharge of a Stream in Cache County. Utah.

Discharge values of streams are critical for planning the water resources of basins. Discharge values of streams may change due to many reasons such as climatological effects or human-related issues. It is essential to make estimations about the discharge values’ trends for more feasible constructions on streams. In this study, discharge monitoring station records of USGS were used to determine the trends over 50 years. The data set is belonging to the Logan River Above State Dam, Near Logan. UT station and it starts in 1971 and ends in 2020. Traditional Mann Kendall Spearman’s Rho and Sen’s slope statistical tests were used to determine the monthly trends. Additionally, a yearly investigation was performed by using the same statistical approaches. According to the obtained results, any significant trends were not detected in the yearly evaluation. However, in the monthly evaluation trends were detected for August and September

Forecasting of Suspended Sediment in Rivers Using Artificial Neural Networks Approach

Suspended sediment estimation is important to the water resources management and water quality problem. In this article, artificial neural networks (ANN), M5tree (M5T) approaches and statistical approaches such as Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Sediment Rating Curves (SRC) are used for estimation daily suspended sediment concentration from daily temperature of water and streamflow in river. These daily datas were measured at Iowa station in US. These prediction aproaches are compared to each other according to three statistical criteria, namely, mean square errors (MSE), mean absolute relative error (MAE) and correlation coefficient (R). When the results are compared ANN approach have better forecasts suspended sediment than the other estimation methods

Estimation of Reference Evapotranspiration Using Support Vector Machines: a Case Study of Adana, Turkey.

Evapotranspiration is an important parameter in hydrological and meteorological studies. Evapotranspiration forecasting plays an important role in irrigation management and hydraulic designs, especially during dry periods. In this study, average temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), wind speed (U), solar radiation (SR) parameters were used to estimate the daily evapotranspiration amount. Daily evapotranspiration estimation (ET0) was made according to the Penman-Monteith method recommended by FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) as a standard method. The Penman-Monteith method was considered as the reference equation. Support Vector Machines (SVM) methods with four different input combinations were used to estimate the daily evapotranspiration of Adana province. SVM models were compared with each other and the reference equations’ results. According to the results obtained from SVM models, SVM3 model giave slightly better results according to the higher determination coefficient and lowest error data

Numerical Modeling of Submerged Vane Flow

Scours in rivers occur due to high flow velocities. In order to reduce scour, flow velocities need to be reduced. Submerged vane structures are effective in both reducing the flow rate and directing the flow. In this study, numerical modeling was made with submerged vane structures. Models of the measured flow velocities in the channel, where submerged vane experiments were performed before, were compared with the results of the submerged vane experiment by using the 3-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. In the present CFD model, continuity and momentum, turbulence model equations are applied. For the turbulence viscosity, k-ε turbulence model is used. The results of the present model are compared with the previous experimental work

Concurrent Assay for Four Bacterial Species Including Alloiococcus Otitidis in Middle Ear, Nasopharynx and Tonsils of Children with Otitis Media with Effusion: A Preliminary Report

ObjectivesTo detect the prevalences of Alloiococcus otitidis, as well as Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Moraxella catarrhalis in children with chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) and to simultaneously investigate the colonization of these bacteria in the nasopharynx and palatine tonsils of these patients.MethodsThe study included 34 pediatric patients with OME, and 15 controls without OME. In the study group, A. otitidis, H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, and M. catarrhalis were investigated in the samples obtained from middle ear effusions (MEE), nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) and tonsillar swabs (TS), using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and conventional culture methods. Only the samples obtained from NPS and TS were studied with the same techniques in the control group.ResultsA. otitidis was isolated only in MEE and only with multiplex PCR method. A. otitidis, S. pneumoniae, M. catarrhalis, H. influenzae were identified in 35%, 8.8%, 8.8%, and 2.9%, respectively, in 34 MEE. A. otitidis was not isolated in NPS or TS of the study and the control groups.ConclusionThe prevalence of A.otitidis is high in children with OME and A.otitidis doesn't colonize in the nasopharynx or tonsil

Of the importance of a leaf: the ethnobotany of sarma in Turkey and the Balkans

BACKGROUND: Sarma - cooked leaves rolled around a filling made from rice and/or minced meat, possibly vegetables and seasoning plants - represents one of the most widespread feasting dishes of the Middle Eastern and South-Eastern European cuisines. Although cabbage and grape vine sarma is well-known worldwide, the use of alternative plant leaves remains largely unexplored. The aim of this research was to document all of the botanical taxa whose leaves are used for preparing sarma in the folk cuisines of Turkey and the Balkans. Methods: Field studies were conducted during broader ethnobotanical surveys, as well as during ad-hoc investigations between the years 2011 and 2014 that included diverse rural communities in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Kosovo, Albania, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Romania, and Turkey. Primary ethnobotanical and folkloric literatures in each country were also considered. Results: Eighty-seven botanical taxa, mainly wild, belonging to 50 genera and 27 families, were found to represent the bio-cultural heritage of sarma in Turkey and the Balkans. The greatest plant biodiversity in sarma was found in Turkey and, to less extent, in Bulgaria and Romania. The most commonly used leaves for preparing sarma were those of cabbage (both fresh and lacto-fermented), grape vine, beet, dock, sorrel, horseradish, lime tree, bean, and spinach. In a few cases, the leaves of endemic species (Centaurea haradjianii, Rumex gracilescens, and R. olympicus in Turkey) were recorded. Other uncommon sarma preparations were based on lightly toxic taxa, such as potato leaves in NE Albania, leaves of Arum, Convolvulus, and Smilax species in Turkey, of Phytolacca americana in Macedonia, and of Tussilago farfara in diverse countries. Moreover, the use of leaves of the introduced species Reynoutria japonica in Romania, Colocasia esculenta in Turkey, and Phytolacca americana in Macedonia shows the dynamic nature of folk cuisines. Conclusion: The rich ethnobotanical diversity of sarma confirms the urgent need to record folk culinary plant knowledge. The results presented here can be implemented into initiatives aimed at re-evaluating folk cuisines and niche food markets based on local neglected ingredients, and possibly also to foster trajectories of the avant-garde cuisines inspired by ethnobotanical knowledge

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Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Kırıkkale Üniversitesi78436