Evaluation of Alfalfa Plants Growth Irrigated with Arsenic Contaminated Water

The natural and anthropogenic process cause arsenic contamination of waters and creates serious environmental problems throughout the world. Due to the alfalfa is an important crop in diverse farming systems, it has been grown almost 33% of Turkey’s cropland. In this experimental study, effect of As on the alfalfa plant growth and As accumulation in the shoot of the alfalfa was determined. The accumulation of As in shoots as well as growth of alfalfa at various As contaminated water was evaluated. Alfalfa plants were grown in a greenhouse on a soil amended with different concentrations of As (control, 0.51.01.52.02.53.04.06.08.0 mg/L). In this study, data of two harvest samples were presented. Experimental results indicated that the irrigation with Ascontaminated water of alfalfa cause dry weight increase compared to control pots. As accumulation in the shoots of alfalfa plant increase with increasing As concentrations in the irrigation waters. As accumulation in the shoots at the 2 nd harvest samples were higher than the 1 st samples. However, As accumulation differences between the 1 st and 2 nd samples decreased when the As concentrations in the irrigation water was higher than 4 mg/L

IMPACT OF BOKO HARAM-LED CONFLICT ON CAPITAL FLOWS IN NIGERIA: EVIDENCE FROM TIME SERIES DATA

This paper demystifies empirical evidence on the relationship between Boko Haram-led insurgency and capital importation in Nigeria for the period of 2010-2016. This study focuses on capital inflows since it indicates the confidence of international investors in a particular state of the Federal Republic of Nigeria in cases of insecurity caused by Boko Haram. The findings of the study show that there is an adverse relationship between the statistics of fatalities carried out by Boko Haram and FDI in Nigeria between 2010-2016, whereas this relation is not found for portfolio investment and total capital importation

Does preventive single dose of intravenous dexketoprofen reduce pain and swelling after orthognathic surgery? A prospective, randomized, double blind clinical trial

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a single-dose intravenous dexketoprofen administration for preventive analgesia on postoperative pain and reducing swelling in double jaw surgery. The authors designed a prospective, randomized, and double-blind cohort study. Patients who have Class III malocclusion were randomly divided in two groups. 50 mg intravenous dexketoprofen trometamol were administrated 30 minutes before incision in treatment group, while intravenous sterile saline was administrated 30 minutes before incision in placebo group. The primary predictor variable was treatment group. Primary outcomes were pain, swelling and 24-hour opioid intake. Patient- controlled analgesia with tramadol was given for management of postoperative pain. Other variables were demographic and operation related parameters. Visual analogue scale was used to evaluate postoperative pain. 3dMD Face System (3dMD, USA) was used to measure postoperative swelling. Data were analysed using two independent samples t test and Mann Whitney U test. The study sample was composed of 30 patients with a mean age of 20,63 years and 21 were female. Preemptive dexketoprofen administration decreased postoperative tramadol consumption by 25.9% compared to placebo group, and there was a statistically significant decrease in VAS scores (p0,05). Preventive administration of intravenous dexketoprofen provides adequate analgesic effect in the postoperative 24-hour period and reduces opioid consumption in orthognathic surgery

Breast cancer in association with thyroid disorders

BACKGROUND: The relationship between breast cancer and thyroid diseases is controversial. Discrepant results have been reported in the literature. The incidences of autoimmune and nonautoimmune thyroid diseases were investigated in patients with breast cancer and age-matched control individuals without breast or thyroid disease. METHODS: Clinical and ultrasound evaluation of thyroid gland, determination of serum thyroid hormone and antibody levels, and fine-needle aspiration of thyroid gland were performed in 150 breast cancer patients and 100 control individuals. RESULTS: The mean values for anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies were significantly higher in breast cancer patients than in control individuals (P = 0.030). The incidences of autoimmune and nonautoimmune thyroid diseases were higher in breast cancer patients than in control individuals (38% versus 17%, P = 0.001; 26% versus 9%, P = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate an increased prevalence of autoimmune and nonautoimmune thyroid diseases in breast cancer patients

Evaluation of the Oxidative Effect of Long-Term Repetitive Hyperbaric Oxygen Exposures on Different Brain Regions of Rats

Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) exposure affects both oxidative and antioxidant systems. This effect is positively correlated with the exposure time and duration of the treatment. The present study aims enlightening the relation of HBO2 with oxidative/antioxidant systems when administered in a prolonged and repetitive manner in brain tissues of rats. Sixty rats were divided into 6 study (n = 8 for each) and 1 control (n = 12) group. Rats in the study groups were daily exposed 90-min HBO2 sessions at 2.8 ATA for 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40 days. One day after the last session, animals were sacrificed; their whole brain tissue was harvested and dissected into three different regions as the outer grey matter (cortex), the inner white matter and cerebellum. Levels of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation and activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were measured in these tissues. Malondialdehyde, carbonylated protein and glutathione peroxidase levels were found to be insignificantly increased at different time-points in the cerebral cortex, inner white matter and cerebellum, respectively. These comparable results provide evidence for the safety of HBO treatments and/or successful adaptive mechanisms at least in the brain tissue of rats, even when administered for longer periods

Ozone Therapy and Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment in Lung Injury in Septic Rats

Various therapeutic protocols were used for the management of sepsis including hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy. It has been shown that ozone therapy (OT) reduced inflammation in several entities and exhibits some similarity with HBO in regard to mechanisms of action. We designed a study to evaluate the efficacy of OT in an experimental rat model of sepsis to compare with HBO. Male Wistar rats were divided into sham, sepsis+cefepime, sepsis+cefepime+HBO, and sepsis+cefepime+OT groups. Sepsis was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of Escherichia coli; HBO was administered twice daily; OT was set as intraperitoneal injections once a day. The treatments were continued for 5 days after the induction of sepsis. At the end of experiment, the lung tissues and blood samples were harvested for biochemical and histological analysis. Myeloperoxidase activities and oxidative stress parameters, and serum proinflammatory cytokine levels, IL-1β and TNF-α, were found to be ameliorated by the adjuvant use of HBO and OT in the lung tissue when compared with the antibiotherapy only group. Histologic evaluation of the lung tissue samples confirmed the biochemical outcome. Our data presented that both HBO and OT reduced inflammation and injury in the septic rats' lungs; a greater benefit was obtained for OT. The current study demonstrated that the administration of OT as well as HBO as adjuvant therapy may support antibiotherapy in protecting the lung against septic injury. HBO and OT reduced tissue oxidative stress, regulated the systemic inflammatory response, and abated cellular infiltration to the lung demonstrated by findings of MPO activity and histopathologic examination. These findings indicated that OT tended to be more effective than HBO, in particular regarding serum IL-1β, lung GSH-Px and histologic outcome

Green Methodologies Leading to the Formation of New C-C and C-Heteroatom Bonds

This book provides readers with the knowledge they need to integrate sustainable approaches into their work. It covers different aspects of green methods, such as microwave irradiation, ultrasound sonication, ball milling, solvent-free reactions, the use of water as a solvent, and ionic liquids, for the synthesis of different compounds. Bringing together the knowledge of an expert team, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the use of green chemistry techniques, which have been frequently used in recent years, and will be a useful guide for all academic and industrial researchers across green and sustainable chemistry, medicinal chemistry, environmental chemistry, and pharmaceutical science.Эта книга предоставляет читателям знания, необходимые им для внедрения устойчивых подходов в свою работу. В нем рассматриваются различные аспекты экологически чистых методов, таких как микроволновое облучение, обработка ультразвуком, измельчение шариками, реакции без растворителей, использование воды в качестве растворителя и ионных жидкостей для синтеза различных соединений. Объединяя знания команды экспертов, эта книга дает всесторонний обзор использования методов "зеленой химии", которые часто использовались в последние годы, и станет полезным руководством для всех академических и промышленных исследователей в области "зеленой" и устойчивой химии, медицинской химии, химии окружающей среды и фармацевтической науки

Novel Azole-Functionalited Flouroquinolone Hybrids: Design, Conventional and Microwave Irradiated Synthesis, Evaluation as Antibacterial and Antioxidant Agents

WOS: 000423790800007Background: The synthesis of new hybrid molecules consisting of several heterocyclic pharmacophores namely fluoroquinolone, 1,2,4-triazole, 1,3,4-oxadiazole and piperazine was carried out by conventional and successfully optimized microwave mediated techniques. Methods: The structures of new compounds were confirmed using spectroscopic techniques. These compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Y. pseudotuberculosis, S. aureus, E. faecalis, B. cereus and M. smegmatis. Results and Conclusion: Fourteen of these hybrids exhibited excellent antibacterial activities on the test microorganisms when compared with ampicillin with the mic values varying between 0.03-0.25 mu g/mL.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [113Z181]; Karadeniz Technical University, BAP, TurkeyKaradeniz Teknik University [8623]The support provided by Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK, Project no: 113Z181) and Karadeniz Technical University, BAP, Turkey (Ref. No. 8623) is greatly appreciated

Synthesis and biological activity studies of new hybrid molecules containing tryptamine moiety

WOS: 000298882100010The synthesis of N'-(4-substitutedphenylsulfonyl)-2-{4-[2-(1H-indol-yl)ethyl]-3-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl}acetohydrazides (3a-c), 2-{4-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-3-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl}-N'-aryl methylidene acetohydrazides (4a-f) and 4-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-5-(4-substitutedbenzyl)-2-[(5-sulfanyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ones (5a, b) was performed starting from the corresponding acid hydrazides (2a, b) which was reported earlier. The treatment of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives (5a, b) with hydrazine hydrate produced 4-amino-5-sulfanyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl derivatives (6a, b). Then, compound 6b was converted to the corresponding Schiff base (7) by the treatment with anisaldehyde. The synthesis of 5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-4-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-2-[(4-benzyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (8) and 5-(4-methylbenzyl)-4-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-2-[(4-benzyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (10) was carried out by the reaction of acid hydrazides (2a, b) with aryl iso(thio)cyanates either via the formation of the intermediates (9a, b) (for 10) or direct cyclization (for 8). 1,3-Oxa(thia)zol-2(3H)-ylidene]acetohydrazide derivatives (11a, b) were obtained by the reaction of 9a, b with 4-chlorophenacyl bromide. All newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activities and some of which was found to be active against the test microorganisms.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [107T333]; Karadeniz Technical University, BAP, TurkeyKaradeniz Teknik University [2007.111.002.6]This project was supported by Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK, Project no: 107T333) and Karadeniz Technical University, BAP, Turkey (Ref. No. 2007.111.002.6) and is gratefully acknowledged

Conventional and microwave irradiated synthesis, biological activity evaluation and molecular docking studies of highly substituted piperazine-azole hybrids

WOS: 000402444600015Azole derivatives (3, 6) obtained starting from 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine were converted to the corresponding Mannich bases containing beta-lactame or flouroquinolone core via a one pot three component reaction. The synthesis of conazole analogues was carried out starting from triazoles by three steps. Reactions were carried out under conventional and microwave mediated conditions. All the newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial: enzyme inhibition and antioxidant activity, and most of them displayed good-moderate activity. Binding affinities and non-covalent interactions between enzyme-ligand complexes were predicted with molecular docking method at molecular level. Docking results complemented well the experimental results on a-glucosidase and urease inhibitory effects of the compounds. Higher binding affinities and much more interaction networks were observed for active compounds in contrary to inactive ones. It was predicted with the docking studies that triazole and anisole moieties in the structure of the synthesized compounds contributed to the stabilization of corresponding enzymes through non-covalent interactions. (C) 2016 Chinese Chemical Society and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [113Z181]The support was provided by Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK, No. 113Z181)