Occupational Health and Safety Issues in Turkey and European Union: A Comparative Study in The Context of Turkey’s Path Towards EU Membership

 The matter of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) appears as an important problem all over the world.   A wide range of people die or become disabled because of occupational accidents and professional diseases every year. According to International Labour Organisation's (ILO) records, approximately  270 million occupational accidents occur, 160 million people suffer from illness  originated from working and 2 million and 200 thousand people pass away due to the occupational accidents and professional diseases each year.Coming out occupational accidents and diseases as   a major problem in our country  like in the world, So the regulations and investments about  ISG  has been given  intensity. Council of the Ministers of EU has admitted detailed directives that lay out the OHS up till now. There is  a comprehensive  EU legislation in the field of OHS. Turkey began the EU  membership negotiations on 3th October 2005 and arranged laws in field of OHS to adapt principles of EU; carried out applications intended to enhancing the awareness of OHS.In Turkey, applications about OHS dates back pre-construction of EU. The first applications about OHS began after Reforms( the political reforms made in the Ottoman State in 1839).  The first legal arrangement in this field was " Regulations  of Dilaver Pasha.” It was prepared about workers who worked as a miner in Zonguldak coalmine. The arrangements proceeded after the announcement of Republic as well. But the most comprehensive and detailed arrangements have been done in the process of EU membership negotiations.The EU membership process started in 1963 with Turkey signed the Ankara Treaty .The EU membership  is expected to reach conclusion in the process of negotiations by ensuring compliance.  As a part of this process, Turkey has been creating convenient structures  in the field of OHS depend on EU standards

Occupational Health and Safety in Turkey: Problems And Solutions

Since the 1980's, the rate of foreign investments by multi-national companies have been increasing very fast, the structure and percentage of sectors have been changing dramatically causing more occupational health and safety problems than ever before in Turkey. Industrialized nations transfer their old and more risky factory equipments, materials and more risky jobs such as mining to new industrializing countries; thus, industrializing countries such as Turkey have been facing serious occupational health and safety problems. The purpose of this study is to analyze occupational health and safety problems in Turkey by using current statistics and give suggestions to minimize the severe effects of occupational accidents

The reception of kurtlar vadisi serial in Elazığ

Bu makale, Kurtlar Vadisi dizisinin izleyiciler tarafından bu kadar çok izlenmesinin ardındaki nedenleri araştırmayı hedeflemektedir. Niteliksel araştırma yöntemlerinden olan derinlemesine mülakat ve katılımcı gözlem yöntemleri bu çalışmada kullanılmaktadır. Kültürel Çalışmalar, medya kültürü ve simulasyon kuramı çalışmanın kuramsal çerçevesini oluşturmaktadır. “Elazığ’da insanlar diziyi neden bu kadar çok sevmekte ve izlemektedir” sorusu çalışmanın temel sorunsalını oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın sonunda, Elazığ’daki izleyicilerin diziyi “Türkiye’nin gerçeği” olarak alımladıkları ortaya çıkmıştır. Sonuç olarak, izleyiciler bir televizyon metnini simulasyon olarak görmek yerine, gerçek olarak algılamaktadırlar. Bu nedenle, televizyondan gelen mesajlara sadece egemen okuma yapabilmekte, karşıt veya müzakereli okuma yapamamaktadırlar.This article aims to reveal the reasons behind watching theKurtlar Vadisi serial by audiences. In-depth interview and participantobservation which are qualitative techniques have been used in thisstudy. Cultural Studies, media culture and simulation theory constitutedthe theoretical frame of this article. The main question of the research is“why the people like and watch the serial so much in Elazığ”. Asconsequence, the audiences in Elazığ interpret the serial as the “reality ofTurkey”. In conclusion, the audiences perceive the television texts as reallife, instead of a simulation. Because of this, they can not decode thetelevision messages oppositional or negotiated but only dominanthegemonic

An Extraordinary Cause of the Sucking Difficulty: Ecthyma Gangrenosum

Ecthyma gangrenosum is a cutaneous lesion often associated with pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia, even though it may develop without bacteremia and may originate from other bacterial and fungal organisms. Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia or sepsis, which mainly affects immunocompromised patients, frequently occurs in hospitals. This lesion typically occurs on the extremities and gluteal and perineal regions. In this report we present a case of ecthyma gangrenosum in a premature newborn occurring secondary to pseudomonas sepsis causing sucking dysfunction due to tissue loss in the lip, soft palate, and tongue

Metaproteogenomic analysis of saliva samples from Parkinson's disease patients with cognitive impairment

Cognitive impairment (CI) is very common in patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD) and progressively develops on a spectrum from mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) to full dementia (PDD). Identification of PD patients at risk of developing cognitive decline, therefore, is unmet need in the clinic to manage the disease. Previous studies reported that oral microbiota of PD patients was altered even at early stages and poor oral hygiene is associated with dementia. However, data from single modalities are often unable to explain complex chronic diseases in the brain and cannot reliably predict the risk of disease progression. Here, we performed integrative metaproteogenomic characterization of salivary microbiota and tested the hypothesis that biological molecules of saliva and saliva microbiota dynamically shift in association with the progression of cognitive decline and harbor discriminatory key signatures across the spectrum of CI in PD. We recruited a cohort of 115 participants in a multi-center study and employed multi-omics factor analysis (MOFA) to integrate amplicon sequencing and metaproteomic analysis to identify signature taxa and proteins in saliva. Our baseline analyses revealed contrasting interplay between the genus Neisseria and Lactobacillus and Ligilactobacillus genera across the spectrum of CI. The group specific signature profiles enabled us to identify bacterial genera and protein groups associated with CI stages in PD. Our study describes compositional dynamics of saliva across the spectrum of CI in PD and paves the way for developing non-invasive biomarker strategies to predict the risk of CI progression in PD.FEMS Research and Training Gran

Investigation of the Relationship Between Akkermansia Genomic Diversity in Gut Microbiota and Parkinson’s Disease Dementia

Parkinson hastalığında (PH), genellikle sağlıkla ilişkilendirilen bir bakteri cinsi olan Akkermansia’nın bağırsak mikrobiyotasında artış gösterdiği bilinse de bu artışın nedeni tam olarak anlaşılamamıştır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’deki PH hastalarında, bağırsak mikrobiyotasındaki muhtemel Akkermansia değişimlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, ilk kez shotgun metagenomik ve Akkermansia cinsine özgül bir yeni nesil dizileme (NGS) tekniği kullanılarak PH’de bilişsel bozukluk evreleriyle ilişkili olabilecek belirli Akkermansia suşlarının varlığı ve bu suşlarda bulunan potansiyel genler incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda Türkiye’de toplanmış dört bağırsak mikrobiyotası örneği -üç demanslı PH (PHD) ve bir bilişsel bozukluğu olmayan sağlıklı kontrol (SK)- shotgun metagenomik dizileme yoluyla analiz edilmiş ve örneklerdeki Akkermansia cinsine ait genomlar yeniden inşa edilmiştir. Bu genomlar, veri tabanlarındaki Akkermansia cinsine ait genomlarla bir araya getirilerek özel bir veri tabanı oluşturulmuş ve Akkermansia cinsine özgül NGS uyumlu primerler bu veri tabanı kullanılarak tasarlanmıştır. Hedef gen bölgesinin çoğaltılması ve cins özgül yeni nesil dizileme için kütüphane hazırlama basamaklarının optimize edilmesinden sonra, 64 PH hastası [32 PHD ve 32 hafif bilişsel bozukluk gösteren PH (PH-MCI)] ile 26 SK’ye ait bağırsak mikrobiyotası örnekleri cins özgül amplikon dizileme ile analiz edilmiştir. Analizler sonucunda, bağırsak mikrobiyotası örneklerinde Akkermansia muciniphila türüne ait oldukları belirlenen yedi suşun varlığı tespit edilmiş ve iki suşun demanslı (PHD) ve demansı olmayan (PH-MCI, HC) gruplar arasındaki dağılımının anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği (p< 0.05) belirlenmiştir. Tespit edilen suşlara ait genomların gen içerikleri, karşılaştırmalı genomik analizler yoluyla incelediğinde yalnızca dağılımı demanslı ve demansı olmayan gruplar arasında anlamlı farklılık gösteren iki suşta bulunan 12 genin varlığı tahmin edilmiştir. Bu genlerin annotasyonları yapıldığında ise daha önce rapor edilmemiş ve işlevi bilinmeyen genler oldukları görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada, ilk kez Türkiye’de toplanmış PH hastalarına ait bağırsak mikrobiyotası örneklerinin shotgun metagenomik analizleri gerçekleştirilmiş, özel olarak Akkermansia cinsinin analizi için cins-özgül bir amplikon dizileme yöntemi geliştirilmiş ve bu yöntem kullanılarak PH’de bilişsel bozukluk evreleriyle ile ilişkili olabilecek Akkermansia suşları ve genleri tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, tür ya da suş düzeyindeki farklılıkların araştırılmasının, bağırsak mikrobiyotasındaki PH ile ilişkili değişimlerin daha iyi anlaşılmasına yardımcı olabileceğine işaret etmektedir.Although it is known that the relative abundance of Akkermansia, a bacterial genus commonly associated with health, increases in the gut microbiota of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients, the exact reason for this increase remains unclear. This study was aimed to identify potential changes in Akkermansia within the gut microbiota of PD patients in Türkiye. For this purpose, shotgun metagenomics and a novel Akkermansia genus-specific amplicon sequencing technique was used to investigate the presence of specific Akkermansia strains associated with cognitive impairment (CI) stages in PD and to examine potential genes within these strains. In this context, four gut microbiota samples from Türkiye -three PD with dementia (PDD) and one healthy control without CI (HC)- were analyzed by shotgun metagenomics and metagenome-assembled genomes assigned to Akkermansia genus were reconstructed. Then, a custom database was created by combining these genomes with the Akkermansia genomes in public databases and next generation sequencing (NGS) compatible primers specific to the genus Akkermansia were designed using this database. After optimization of amplification and library preparation steps for genus-specific next generation sequencing, gut microbiota samples from 64 PD patients [32 PDD and 32 PD with mild CI (PD-MCI)] and 26 HCs were analyzed by genus-specific amplicon sequencing. The results revealed the presence of seven strains assigned to Akkermansia muciniphila in gut microbiota samples, two of which showed significant distribution differences (p< 0.05) between demented (PDD) and non-demented groups (PD-MCI, HC). When gene contents of the detected Akkermansia genomes were examined through comparative genomic analysis, the presence of 12 genes only in Akkermansia genomes specific to non-demented groups were predicted. The annotations of these genes showed that they were not reported before with unknown functions. In this study, for the first time, gut microbiota samples from PD patients in Türkiye were analyzed using shotgun metagenomics, a novel genus-specific amplicon sequencing method was developed specifically for the analysis of Akkermansia genus, and then Akkermansia strains and genes potentially associated with CI stages in PD were identified using this method. The results underscore that investigating the species or strain level differences could help better understanding of the changes associated with PD in the human gut microbiota

Evaluation of patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease: Preliminary results from the Turk-UIP study

OBJECTIVE: Differential diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is important among fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (ILD). This study aimed to evaluate the rate of IPF in patients with fibrotic ILD and to determine the clinical-laboratory features of patients with and without IPF that would provide the differential diagnosis of IPF. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included the patients with the usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern or possible UIP pattern on thorax high-resolution computed tomography, and/or UIP pattern, probable UIP or possible UIP pattern at lung biopsy according to the 2011 ATS/ERSARS/ALAT guidelines. Demographics and clinical and radiological data of the patients were recorded. All data recorded by researchers was evaluated by radiology and the clinical decision board. RESULTS: A total of 336 patients (253 men, 83 women, age 65.8 +/- 9.0 years) were evaluated. Of the patients with sufficient data for diag-nosis (n=300), the diagnosis was IPF in 121 (40.3%), unclassified idiopathic interstitial pneumonia in 50 (16.7%), combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) in 40 (13.3%), and lung involvement of connective tissue disease (CTD) in 16 (5.3%). When 29 patients with definite IPF features were added to the patients with CPFE, the total number of IPF patients reached 150 (50%). Rate of male sex (p<0.001), smoking history (p<0.001), and the presence of clubbing (p=0.001) were significantly high in patients with IPE None of the women <50 years and none of the men <50 years of age without a smoking history were diagnosed with IPE Presence of at least 1 of the symptoms suggestive of CTD, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and antinuclear antibody (FANA) positivity rates were significantly higher in the non-IPF group (p<0.001, p=0.029, p=0.009, respectively). CONCLUSION: The rate of IPF among patients with fibrotic ILD was 50%. In the differential diagnosis of IPF, sex, smoking habits, and the presence of clubbing are important. The presence of symptoms related to CTD, ESR elevation, and EANA positivity reduce the likelihood of IPF

Hydrogen production via steam-methane reforming in a SOMBRERO fusion breeder with ceramic fuel particles

In the present study, hydrogen production potential of Solid Moving BREeder ReactOr (SOMBRERO) fusion reactor and heat recovery of this system is investigated. The original SOMBRERO fusion reactor has a 1000 MWe KrF laser-driven IFE power plant. This reactors fusion power is 2677 MW and total thermal power is 2891 MW. The blanket is divided into three breeding zone and these breeding zones have different C, Li2O and ceramic fuel particles. One-dimensional neutronic calculations of SOMBRERO fusion reactor have been performed by using XSDRNPM/SCALE4.4a neutron transport code. Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) method is used for large-scale hydrogen production and heat recovery of waste heat is analyzed. The numerical results show that the considered SOMBRERO fusion reactor has a good neutronic performance as well as the high hydrogen production potential with heat recovery of SMR process. Copyright (C) 2012, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved