Erythema annulare centrifugum: A case report

Erythema annular centrifigugal is the most common figure erythema. It is characterized with polycyclic or annular lesions which grows up slowly and settle in the stem and extremite proximals. In addition it has infections, drugs, diet and seldom malignancies in its etiology, it is idiopathic most. It split into deep and superficial forms histopathologycally. A dermatophyte infection in etiology was detected in a patient 46 years old, who applied to our clinic with erythema annular centrifugal lesions and she was treated antifungal treatment. We considered appropriate offering case to focus on research superficial fungal disease in erythema annular centrifugal etiology

The psycho-social needs of displaced Syrian youth in Turkish schools:A qualitative study

This study investigates major challenges encountered by Syrian refugee youth in public high schools in Turkey, focusing on three sources of assessment: the refugee students themselves and their parents and educators. Based on qualitative interpretive research methodology, twenty-three individual semi-structured interviews were conducted. The study simultaneously hears the voices of the Syrian refugee students as well as those of their parents, teachers, and principals. Making friends among Turkish peers, social integration in school and the host society, discrimination, feeling lonely or even depressed, and other displacement problems are the crucial issues identified by this study. While most of the teachers and principals interviewed focused more on academic problems as the main reason for the deterioration of the majority of Syrian youth's education, refugee students and their parents claimed that the psycho-social challenges are more difficult and thus problematic. © 2021 Birlesik Dunya Yenilik Arastirma ve Yayincilik Merkezi. All rights reserved

The effects of docosahexaenoic acid on glial derived neurotrophic factor and neurturin in bilateral rat model of Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder marked by cell death in the Substantia nigra (SN). Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is the major polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in the phospholipid fraction of the brain and is required for normal cellular function. Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neurturin (NTN) are very potent trophic factors for PD. The aim of the study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of GDNF and NTN by investigating their immunostaining levels after administration of DHA in a model of PD. For this reason we hypothesized that DHA administration of PD might alter GDNF, NTN expression in SN. MPTP neurotoxin that induces dopaminergic neurodegeneration was used to create the experimental Parkinsonism model. Rats were divided into; control, DHA-treated (DHA), MPTP-induced (MPTP), MPTP-induced+DHA-treated (MPTP+DHA) groups. Dopaminergic neuron numbers were clearly decreased in MPTP, but showed an increase in MPTP+DHA group. As a result of this, DHA administration protected dopaminergic neurons as shown by tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry. In the MPTP+DHA group, GDNF, NTN immunoreactions in dopaminergic neurons were higher than that of the MPTP group. In conclusion, the characterization of GDNF and NTN will certainly help elucidate the mechanism of DHA action, and lead to better strategies for the use of DHA to treat neurodegenerative diseases

Real-world efficacy and safety of Ledipasvir plus Sofosbuvir and Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir +/- Dasabuvir combination therapies for chronic hepatitis C: A Turkish experience

Background/Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the real-life efficacy and tolerability of direct-acting antiviral treatments for patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) with/without cirrhosis in the Turkish population.Material and Methods: A total of 4,352 patients with CHC from 36 different institutions in Turkey were enrolled. They received ledipasvir (LDV) and sofosbuvir (SOF)+/- ribavirin (RBV) ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir +/- dasabuvir (PrOD)+/- RBV for 12 or 24 weeks. Sustained virologic response (SVR) rates, factors affecting SVR, safety profile, and hepatocellular cancer (HCC) occurrence were analyzed.Results: SVR12 was achieved in 92.8% of the patients (4,040/4,352) according to intention-to-treat and in 98.3% of the patients (4,040/4,108) according to per-protocol analysis. The SVR12 rates were similar between the treatment regimens (97.2%-100%) and genotypes (95.6%-100%). Patients achieving SVR showed a significant decrease in the mean serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels (50.90 +/- 54.60 U/L to 17.00 +/- 14.50 U/L) and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores (7.51 +/- 4.54 to 7.32 +/- 3.40) (p<0.05). Of the patients, 2 were diagnosed with HCC during the treatment and 14 were diagnosed with HCC 37.0 +/- 16.0 weeks post-treatment. Higher initial MELD score (odds ratio [OR]: 1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22-2.38; p=0.023]), higher hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.31-2.28; p=0.038), and higher serum ALT levels (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.21-1.83; p=0.042) were associated with poor SVR12. The most common adverse events were fatigue (12.6%), pruritis (7.3%), increased serum ALT (4.7%) and bilirubin (3.8%) levels, and anemia (3.1%).Conclusion: LDV/SOF or PrOD +/- RBV were effective and tolerable treatments for patients with CHC and with or without advanced liver disease before and after liver transplantation. Although HCV eradication improves the liver function, there is a risk of developing HCC.Turkish Association for the Study of The Liver (TASL

Volume CXIV, Number 4, November 7, 1996

Objective: Turner syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal disorder caused by complete or partial X chromosome monosomy that manifests various clinical features depending on the karyotype and on the genetic background of affected girls. This study aimed to systematically investigate the key clinical features of TS in relationship to karyotype in a large pediatric Turkish patient population.Methods: Our retrospective study included 842 karyotype-proven TS patients aged 0-18 years who were evaluated in 35 different centers in Turkey in the years 2013-2014.Results: The most common karyotype was 45,X (50.7%), followed by 45,X/46,XX (10.8%), 46,X,i(Xq) (10.1%) and 45,X/46,X,i(Xq) (9.5%). Mean age at diagnosis was 10.2±4.4 years. The most common presenting complaints were short stature and delayed puberty. Among patients diagnosed before age one year, the ratio of karyotype 45,X was significantly higher than that of other karyotype groups. Cardiac defects (bicuspid aortic valve, coarctation of the aorta and aortic stenosis) were the most common congenital anomalies, occurring in 25% of the TS cases. This was followed by urinary system anomalies (horseshoe kidney, double collector duct system and renal rotation) detected in 16.3%. Hashimoto's thyroiditis was found in 11.1% of patients, gastrointestinal abnormalities in 8.9%, ear nose and throat problems in 22.6%, dermatologic problems in 21.8% and osteoporosis in 15.3%. Learning difficulties and/or psychosocial problems were encountered in 39.1%. Insulin resistance and impaired fasting glucose were detected in 3.4% and 2.2%, respectively. Dyslipidemia prevalence was 11.4%.Conclusion: This comprehensive study systematically evaluated the largest group of karyotype-proven TS girls to date. The karyotype distribution, congenital anomaly and comorbidity profile closely parallel that from other countries and support the need for close medical surveillance of these complex patients throughout their lifespa

Investigation of some virulence factors of trichosporon species

Trichosporon türlerinin birçoğu doğada (toprak, su ve bitki) yaygın olarak bulunur. Ayrıca insanda deri, solunum yolları, gastrointestinal ve genitoüriner sistemde normal flora üyesi olarak da yer alabilir. Trichosporon türlerinin duyarlı hasta gruplarında, özellikle immunsuprese, sitotoksik kemoterapi alan ve organ transplantasyonu uygulanan hastalarda yaşamı tehdit eden ciddi enfeksiyonlara yol açmaları ve antifungal tedaviye göreceli olarak daha dirençli olmaları nedeni ile önemi giderek artmaktadır. Trichosporon kökenlerinin enfeksiyon patogenezinde rol oynayan olası virulans faktörlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. 2010 - 2012 yılları arasında Gazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesinde Mikoloji laboratuvarına maya tiplendirme için gelen kültür örneklerinden, Trichosporon spp. olarak sonuçlanan 20 köken ve Dr Takashi Sugita?dan temin edilen 20 köken çalışmaya alınmıştır. 40 Trichosporon kökeninde salgısal asit proteaz, fosfolipaz, esteraz, hemolitik aktivite ve koagülaz enzim aktivite varlığı araştırılmıştır Çalışmaya alınan 40 Trichosporon kökeninin; 24 tanesi (%60) Trichosporon asahii, altı tanesi (%15) Trichosporon inkin, bir tanesi (%2,5) Trichosporon aquatile, bir tanesi (%2,5) Trichosporon asteroides, bir tanesi (%2,5) Trichosporon coremiiforme, bir tanesi (%2,5) Trichosporon cutaneum, bir tanesi (%2,5) Trichosporon dermatis, bir tanesi (%2,5) Trichosporon faecale, bir tanesi(%2,5) Trichosporon japonicum, bir tanesi (%2,5) Trichosporon montevideense, bir tanesi (%2,5) Trichosporon mucoides, bir tanesi (%2,5) Trichosporon ovoides dir. Çalışmaya alınan 40 kökenin hiçbirinde salgısal asit proteinaz ve fosfolipaz enzim aktivitesi tespit edilememiştir. Tüm kökenlerde esteraz enzim aktivitesi pozitif olarak tespit edilmiştir. Hemolitik enzim aktivitesi 15 kökende (%37,5) pozitif olarak bulunmuştur. T. asahii türü ile Trichosporon non-asahii türleri arasında hemolitik aktivite varlığı açısından anlamlı bir fark bulunamamıştır. Koagülaz enzim aktivitesi, insan plazması kullanılarak yapılan testlerde iki kökende (%5), tavşan plazması kullanılarak yapılan testlerde ise 11 kökende (%27,5) pozitif olarak bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak Trichosporon türlerinin hastalık oluşturma patagenezinde esteraz, hemolizin ve koagülaz enzimlerinin rol alabileceği düşünülmüştür.Trichosporon species are widely distributed in nature (soil, water and vegetation). They are members of human normal flora located in skin, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary tract. The importance of Trichosporon species are increasing with the increase of susceptible groups such as immuncompromised patients, undergoing cytotoxic chemotheraph for organ transplantation or bone marrow transplatation. Fungal virulence factors were investigated for the pathogenesis of trichosporonosis. A total number of 40 Trichosporon strains including 20 isolated belong to culture collections of Gazi University school of Medicine, department of Mycology and 20 strains obtained from Dr. Takashi Sugita. The distribution of Trichosporon species; 60% (24) Trichosporon asahii, 15% (6) Trichosporon inkin, 2,5% (1) Trichosporon aquatile, 2,5% (1) Trichosporon asteroides, 2,5% (1) Trichosporon coremiiforme, 2,5% (1) Trichosporon cutaneum 2,5% (1) Trichosporon dermatis, 2,5% (1) Trichosporon faecale, 2,5% (1) Trichosporon japonicum, 2,5% (1) Trichosporon montevideense, 2,5% (1) Trichosporon mucoides, 2,5% (1) Trichosporon ovoides. None of the strains presented secretory acid proteinase and phospholipase enzyme activity. However esterase enzyme activity were found in all of the strains. Hemolytic activity were found in 15 strains of 40 strains (37,5 %). Therese no difference between T.asahii and non asahii strains in terms of hemolytic activity. Coagulase enzyme activity were found in two strains when human plasma as used, while it was found positive in 11 strains when rabbit plasma was used. Esterase and coagulase production and hemolytic activity were considered had a role in the pathogenesis of trichosporonosis

Ernst cassirer and the enlightenment

Yüksek Lisans Tezi.YÖK Tez No:354978Bu çalışmada özellikle Ernst Cassirer'in Aydınlanma Felsefesi hakkındaki görüşleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmamız giriş ve iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Girişte Aydınlanma öncesi toplumsal, siyasal, ekonomik ve dini ortam üzerinde çok genel hatlarıyla durduk. Birinci bölümde Aydınlanmanın etimolojik yapısını vererek felsefe tarihçileri ve düşünürler tarafından yapılan farklı aydınlanma tanımları hakkında bilgi verdik. Aydınlanma hakkında farklı yaklaşımları "Aydınlanma Karşıtları", "Aydınlanma Taraftarları" ve "Aydınlanmaya Eleştirel Bakanlar" şeklinde sınıflandırdık. İkinci bölümde genel olarak Ernst Cassirer'in hayatı ve felsefesi üzerinde durduk. Daha sonra onun aydınlanma akılcılığı hakkındaki görüşleri üzerinde durarak bu akılcılığın doğa bilimleri ve din alanında ne gibi değişimlere neden olduğunu ana hatlarıyla tartıştık.In this dissertation we especially aimed at examining Ernst Cassirer's view about The Philosophy of The Enlightenment. The dissertation is composed of an introduction and two main chapters. In the introduction we talked about social, political, economical, and religious occasion of pre-Enlightenment Europe. In the first chapter we informed about etymologic structure of the Enlightenment and different descriptions were defined by the historians of philosophy and the thinkers. We also classified ideas as "The Counter Enlightenment", "The Proponent Enlightenment", and "The Critical Approach to Enlightenment". In the second chapter we briefly stated the life of Ernst Cassirer and his philosophy. After these informations, we elaborated on his opinion about the rationalism of the Enlightenment and discussed what changes did cause in the field of natural sciences and religion

Demand Forecasting with Artificial Neural Networks and Support Vector Regression: An Application in a Food Company

Son yıllarda, değişen ve küreselleşen koşullar insan ihtiyaçlarını değiştirerek hızlı değişikliklere vetalep belirsizliğine neden olmuştur. Bu hızlı değişim ve belirsiz koşullar altında işletmelerin etkinplanlama yapmalarının yolu, doğru ve güvenilir tahminler yapmaktan geçmektedir. Günümüzdeteknolojik gelişmelerle birlikte talep tahmininde zaman serileri analizi gibi klasik yöntemlerin yeriniyapay zekâ tabanlı tahmin algoritmaları almıştır. Bu yöntemler özellikle belirsizliğin ve değişkenliğinçok fazla olduğu durumlarda klasik tahmin yöntemlerinden çok daha başarılı sonuçlar vermektedir.Bu çalışmada bir gıda işletmesinde değişkenliğin ve belirsizliğin fazla olduğu ürünler için Yapay SinirAğları (YSA) ve Destek Vektör Regresyonu (DVR) yöntemleri ile talep tahmini yapılmıştır. Yöntemleruygulanmadan önce parametre optimizasyonu amacıyla deney tasarımı yapılmış ve en iyi parametredeğerleri bulunarak tahmin doğruluğu arttırılmıştır. Sayısal sonuçlar, incelenen ürünler için YSA’nınDVR’ye kıyasla daha iyi tahminler yaptığını göstermiştir.In recent years, the changing and globalizing conditions caused the rapid changes and demand uncertainty by changing human needs. Under these rapid changes and uncertain conditions, the way for companies to make effective planning is to make accurate and reliable forecasting. As the technological developments increases artificial intelligence-based forecasting algorithms are widely used for demand forecasting instead of the classical methods such as time series analysis. These methods yield much more successful results than classical forecasting methods, especially in cases where the uncertainty and variability are high. In this study, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Support Vector Regression (SVR) are employed to forecast the demands of the products with high variability and uncertainty in a food company. Before the methods were applied, an experimental design was conducted to find the best parameter values, and in this way, the accuracy of forecasts was increased. Numerical results showed that ANN makes better forecasts than SVR for the examined products

Emir Kusturica Filmlerinde Büyülü Gerçekçilik

2001’de biten Yugoslav Savaşları sonucunda Yugoslavya dağılmış ve aşama aşama bağımsız yeni ülkeler kurulmuştur. Emir Kusturica sinemasında Yugoslavya’nın tarihi, dağılması ya da siyasi durumundan ziyade gelenekler, müzik ve ritüeller karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Masalsı bir yaklaşımla ele aldığı hikâyelerde yer yer fantastik anlatıma yönelmesi onun filmlerini büyülü gerçekçilik bağlamında incelememize olanak sağlar. Temel olarak gerçekliği daha da derin vurgulamak adına ortaya çıkan büyülü gerçekçilik, zamanla edebi eserlerde ve sinemada gerçeklikten kopmak ya da gerçeklikten kaçış olarak kullanılmaya başlanmış ve temel anlamından uzaklaşmıştır. Kusturica’nın çoğu filminde büyülü gerçekçiliği kullanmasının sebebi, gerçeklikten kaçış imkânı sağlaması olarak değerlendirilebilmektedir. Özellikle de Yugoslav Savaşları döneminde çektiği üç filmden ikisi olan; Arizona Rüyası (Arizona Dream, 1993) ve Kara Kedi Ak Kedi (Black Cat White Cat, 1998) filmleri savaş döneminde çekilmesine rağmen, savaş temasından uzak kalmış ve büyülü gerçekçiliğe hem biçimsel hem de içerik olarak oldukça yaklaşmıştır. Yeraltı (Underground, 1995) filmi ise temel olarak savaş temasına yaslanmış olmasına rağmen Yugoslav Savaşları’ndan uzak durarak İkinci Dünya Savaşı’na odaklanır. Bu çalışmada, Kusturica’nın Yugoslav Savaşları döneminde çektiği üç film, Frederic Jameson’un “büyülü gerçekçilik” kavramı ve kavramın kodları üzerinden incelenecektir.</p