Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe: Development of the JRC-SCPE Central Database and Public Health Indicators

The Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe (SCPE) network was established in 1998, bringing together professionals and researchers working in population-based registries of children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) across Europe. The aims of the network are to collect population data on CP to inform and improve understanding of the disease, to raise standards of care for children with CP, disseminate knowledge for patients, health care professionals and key stakeholders, and to provide a framework for collaborative research. In 2016, to provide sustainability for this very important network, the SCPE Central Registry and European level coordination activities were transferred to the JRC and became part of the European Platform for Rare Diseases Registration. The SCPE Central Database is annually updated with new cases submitted by the SCPE Registries. In line with the mission of the JRC for providing evidence-based policy support, and in order to extend the use of the SCPE Central database to public health relevant outputs, the JRC-SCPE Central Registry launched the initiative of developing public health indicators. The public health indicators have been developed by based on collaboration between the JRC and the University Hospital of Toulouse. The input for the calculations of these indicators is based on data included in the standard SCPE dataset and collected annually by the registries in the JRC-SCPE Central Database. The current report describes the development of the JRC-SCPE Central Database after the transfer from the University of Grenoble, and the definition of a first set of key health indicators.JRC.F.1-Health in Societ

Combining X-ray Nano-CT and XANES Techniques for 3D Operando Monitoring of Lithiation Spatial Composition evolution in NMC Electrode

In this study, we present a well-defined methodology for conducting Operando X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy (XANES) in conjunction with transmission X-ray nano computed tomography (TXM-nanoCT) experiments on the LiNi$_{0.5}$Mn$_{0.3}$Co$_{0.2}$O$_2$ (NMC) cathode electrode. To minimize radiation-induced damage to the sample during charge and discharge cycles and to gain a comprehensive 3D perspective of the (de)lithiation process of the active material, we propose a novel approach that relies on employing only three energy levels, strategically positioned at pre-edge, edge, and post-edge. By adopting this technique, we successfully track the various (de)lithiation states within the three-dimensional space during partial cycling. Furthermore, we are able to extract the nanoscale lithium distribution within individual secondary particles. Our observations reveal the formation of a core-shell structure during lithiation and we also identify that not all surface areas of the particles exhibit activity during the process. Notably, lithium intercalation exhibits a distinct preference, leading to non-uniform lithiation degrees across different electrode locations. The proposed methodology is not limited to the NMC cathode electrode but can be extended to study realistic dedicated electrodes with high active material (AM) density, facilitating exploration and quantification of heterogeneities and inhomogeneous lithiation within such electrodes. This multi-scale insight into the (de)lithiation process and lithiation heterogeneities within the electrodes is expected to provide valuable knowledge for optimizing electrode design and ultimately enhancing electrode performance in the context of material science and battery materials research.Comment: 6 figures (SI, 3 figures

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Spectrométrie de masse par nébulisation (électronébulisation et photoionisation à pression atmosphérique)

Deux méthodes d'ionisation utilisées en spectrométrie de masse, basées sur la formation d'un nébulisat, ont été étudiées lors de cette thése. Ces méthodes sont l'électronébulisation et la photoionisation à pression atmosphérique. L'électronébulisation a permis d'étudier des complexes non-covalents impliquant des protéines et des cations métalliques. Dans un cas, les études ont mis en évidence une fixation faible et aspécifique entre un complexe organique de gadolinium et des protéines modèles. Dans le deuxième cas, les résultats ont permis de mettre en évidence la fixation spécifique de cations métalliques bien précisis sur une protéine chloroplastique impliquée dans la photosynthèse, la CP 12. Des constantes de dissociation ont pu être calculées, et des informations structurales très importantes ont pu être obtenues. La photoionisation à pression atmosphérique, qui n'avait jamais été utilisée pour l'analyse de biomolécules, s'est affirmée comme une technique très prometteuse. Lors de l'analyse des peptides, des fragmentations très singulières ont été obsevées. Des résultats très importants, notamment d'un point de vue de l'analyse structurale, ont été obtenus pour les phosphatidylcholines et les globotriaosylcéramides. La physico-chimie sous-jacente a aussi été abordée, et l'importance des réactions ions-électrons et des phénomènes radicalaires a été mise en évidence. Les résultats de cette thèse mettent en exergue le rôle crucial de ces méthodes, d'ionisation basées sur la nébulisation pour l'analyse de biomolécules. La spectrométrie de masse est actuellement dans bien des cas la méthode d'analyse de choix en biologie structurale.Two ionization methods used in the field of mass spectrometry were studied during this PhD work. Both of these methods electrospray and atmospheric pressure photoionization are based on the spraying of a sample solution. Electrospray proved to be able to study macromolecular noncovalent complexes between proteins and metal cations. In the first case, interactions between model proteins and organic gadolinium complexes proved to be weak and aspecific. In the second case, our results showed that a chloroplastic protein involved in photosynthesis CP 12 was eable to specifically bind some particular metal cations. Dissociation constants were calculated and important insights into the structural features of CP 12 were obtained. Atmosphéric pressure photoionization, which had sor far never been used for the analysis of biomolecules, happened to be very promising. Duriing the analysis of peptides, singular gragmentation patterns were observed. Very important results, especially from a structural point of vue, were obtained for phosphatidylcholiines and globotriaosylceramides. Underlying physico-chemical processes were tackled, and the rôle of both electron-ion reactions and radical processes were outlined. The results of this PhD work higlilighted the crucial rôle of the ionization methods based on spaying of samples in biomolécular analysis. Mass spectrometry is in many cases and analysis method of choice in molecular biology.EVRY-BU (912282101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Lobbying de l'industrie du tabac et santé publique

BORDEAUX2-BU Santé (330632101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Troubles du comportement chez les enfants nés grands prématurés (étude épipage)

Cette étude a comparé la prévalence des troubles du comportement entre des enfants nés grands prématurés et des enfants nés à terme issus de l'étude de cohorte EPIPAGE et a recherché les facteurs associés à ces troubles. Les enfants étaient suivis depuis la naissance régulièrement par questionnaire postal et les troubles du comportement étaient évalués à trois ans et à cinq ans par le Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire rempli par les parents. Les enfants grands prématurés ont globalement deux fois plus de risque à trois ans et à cinq ans que les enfants témoins d'avoir des troubles du comportement. Les troubles du comportement sont associés à l'état de santé, au développement psychomoteur et aux performances cognitives de l'enfant, aux conditions socio-économiques de la famille et à l'état de santé psychologique de la mère.TOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Centrale (315552105) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Mathematical Modeling of Energy-dense NMC Electrodes: Part II. Data Analysis with Newman Model and with an Extended Model Accounting for Particle Agglomeration

International audienceIn this second part of this series of papers, the use of two physics-based models to analyze the discharge performance of a set of high-energy-density electrodes is discussed. The measured set of parameters from the first part is implemented into these models. First, the regular Newman pseudo-2D model shows a large discrepancy against the experimental values. Then, an extension of the Newman model considering the particle agglomeration due to the calendering effects is presented, allowing for the validation of discharge rate capabilities of all studied industry-grade electrodes with different electrolytes. At the agglomerate scale, the model accounts for both the ionic transport in sub-pores and the inter-particle solid diffusion. The simulation results from this work demonstrate that increasing the electrode loading and/or density leads to either a higher fraction of sub-pores (at the expense of that of macropores) or larger porous agglomerate size, resulting in a poor rate performance. The model analysis suggests that a substantial gain in performance at high C-rates is expected if agglomeration effects are mitigated in these high-energy electrodes

Mass spectrometric analysis of the interactions between CP12, a chloroplast protein, and metal ions: a possible regulatory role within a PRK/GAPDH/CP12 complex

The small chloroplast protein CP12 plays the role of a protein linker in the assembly process of a PRK/GAPDH/CP12 complex that is involved in CO2 assimilation in photosynthetic organisms. The redox state of CP12 regulates its role as a protein linker. Only the oxidized protein, with two disulfide bonds, is active in complex formation. Several observations indicating that CP12 might bind a metal ion led us to screen the binding of different metal ions on oxidized or reduced CP12 using non-covalent electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) experiments. The oxidized protein bound specifically Cu2+ and Ni2+ (Kd of 26+/-1 microM and 11+/-1 microM, respectively); other cations such as Fe2+ and Zn2+ did not bind, while cations such as Cd2+ formed non-specific adducts to CP12. Similar results were obtained for metal ions on screening with the reduced CP12. Interestingly, the present results suggest that Cu2+ catalyzes the re-formation of the disulfide bonds of the reduced CP12, leading to recovery of the fully oxidized CP12 that is then able to bind a Cu2+ ion. Finally the high similarity between CP12 and copper chaperones from Arabidopsis thaliana, as judged by hydrophobic cluster analysis, provides additional evidence for the relevance of metal binding for the in vivo situation. The findings that CP12 is able to bind a metal ion, and that Cu2+ catalyzes the oxidation of the thiol groups of CP12, are new characteristics of this protein that may prove to be important in the regulation of the assembly process of the PRK/GAPDH/CP12 complex. Arnaud Delobel, Emmanuelle Graciet, Simona Andreescu, Brigitte Gontero, Frederic Halgand and Olivier Laprevot

Mathematical Modeling of Energy-Dense NMC Electrodes: I. Determination of Input Parameters

International audiencePhysics-based models of the Li-ion battery promise to aid in deciphering and quantifying electrode limitations, thereby providing valuable insights for choosing the optimal electrode design for a specific application. However, to obtain relevant results from the models, a reliable set of input parameters is required. This work presents a combined experimental/modeling approach relying on the Newman pseudo-2D model for a complete characterization of a set of LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 electrodes. Intrinsic properties of the active materials are determined and validated using low loading electrodes having negligible porous-electrode limitations. Then, high-energy-density electrode properties are characterized using appropriate experimental methods, which are widely reported in the literature. In a second part of this series of papers, parameters obtained from this part serve as input parameters in Newman pseudo-2D model as well as in an extension of Newman model in order to simulate the rate capability during discharge of the aforementioned set of high-energy-density electrodes