Definición de zonas geográficas de UAS particulares en la ciudad de Barcelona

The main objective of this project is the creation of a design proposal for the particular UAS areas, thus guaranteeing the safety of the people, the infrastructure and the facilities in an urban environment, as well as its integration in the city of Barcelona. At first, a brief study of the current UAS regulations and legislation has been carried out, hence establishing a context for the reader¿s better understanding of the subject. Then, an exhaustive analysis of the data collected by the State Aviation Safety Agency (AESA) between 2020 and 2021 was conducted. The selected parameters resulting from this analysis will provide a guide in the design procedure and it will aid in reaching a conclusion on the current demand of the sector in Barcelona. Subsequently, and taking into account the analysed variables, a proposal for the design of the particular UAS zoning has been constructed, subdividing the low-level airspace, taking risk into account as the main motivator. Risk is the outcome of the combination of two factors; severity and frequency. Both of them provide the necessary information on the population density on which an UAS operates and the frequency with which it develops. Furthermore, the integration of this design in the city of Barcelona is studied, as well as its geographical and urban layout for a project of this magnitude. During the course of this procedure, the reader will be shown how an urban environment adapts to the proposal of the design suggested and the obstacles found through it. Finally, the methodology and application developed in this document have been presented to the competent authority, AESA, which has highly valued the obtained results. AESA will use them in the final proposal of the design for the particular UAS geographical areas. The methodology used in this project enables the incorporation of future innovations to adapt the delimited areas to new realities, including last-mile operations (e.g, logistics and transportation), while also taking into account the possible consequences of an intensive use of drone technology, such as visual and noise pollution

A Model for Collaborative Evaluation and Selection of Electronic Resources

A presentation at the Medical Library Association Annual Conference, Chicago, Illinois, May 17, 1999Purpose: This presentation will report on the establishment of an electronic resources committee including problems and issues requiring resolution, the steps to formation, configuration of personnel and the accomplishments of the committee since formation. An assessment of the strengths of the model will be discussed. Setting/Participants/Resources: Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library, The George Washington University Medical Center is a medium-sized academic health sciences library in an urban setting. Brief Description: Through a strategic planning initiative begun in September 1997, it was determined that the library needed to become more efficient in providing its patrons with access to electronic resources. The process for evaluation and selection of electronic resources needed revision. Lack of formal communication between collection development staff and other pertinent areas of the library and Medical Center, including systems and public services, hampered these efforts. In spring 1998, an electronic resources committee was formed to improve and direct the process of evaluation, selection, and implementation of electronic resources. Members of the committee include staff from technical services, systems, and reference. An Electronic Resources Coordinator position was developed to spearhead this activity. Since formation, the committee has developed a web links criteria policy, an electronic collection development policy, and a form to track electronic resources and licensing information. Electronic product selection moved from one or two individuals to a collaborative process. The committee has been allocated specific funds from the library collections budget to make purchases. The committee supports management in their negotiations with departments regarding selection and acquisition of electronic resources. Results/Outcome: Better, more informed selection decisions are being made: duplicative content and incompatible technologies are identified prior to expenditure of funds. This model (the committee) has yielded better exchange of information within the library and more effective responses to patron suggestions. The library has made strides toward greater integration of services and resources and increased access to health science information. The formation of the committee is a vital step toward this goal. Evaluation Method: Anecdotal patron comments regarding new resources and new availability of resources have been extremely favorable. A survey or needs assessment of library staff and patrons is planned

In the search for low-cost year-round feeds: Pen-level growth performance of local and crossbred Ugandan pigs fed forage- or silage-based diets versus commercial diet

Smallholder pig farmers in East Africa report that lack of feed, seasonal feed shortages, quality and cost are key constraints to pig rearing. Commercially prepared pig diets are too expensive and people and pigs compete for food. Smallholder farmers typically feed nutritionally unbalanced diets, resulting in low average daily gain (ADG) and poor farmer profits. Our objective was to compare the ADG of Ugandan pigs fed forage- or silage-based or commercial diets. Ugandan weaner-grower pigs were randomly assigned to forage- or silage-based diets or commercial diet. Pigs were weighed every 3 weeks from 9 to 32 weeks of age. Pen-level ADG and feed conversion were compared across diets using multiple linear regression. The ADG of pigs fed forage- or silage-based diets was lower than those fed commercial diets between 9 and 24 weeks of age (p  0.05). Between 28 and 32 weeks, pigs fed forage-based diets had lower ADG than those on other diets (p  0.05). Least squares mean ADG (g/pig/day) for pigs fed forage- or silage-based diets or commercial diet were 36, and 52, and 294 respectively at 9–15 weeks; 163, 212, 329 at 15–19 weeks; 112, 362, 574 at 20–24 weeks and 694, 994, and 1233 at 28 to 32 weeks of age. It was concluded that forage- and silage-based diets are unsuitable for small, newly weaned pigs. Feeding forage- or silage-based diets to finishing pigs is more suitable. Forage- and silage based diets are year-round low-cost pig-feeding strategies that will improve the growth performance of East African pigs, thereby increasing pig farmer income and food security

Zoonoses: From panic to planning

Over two thirds of all human infectious diseases have their origins in animals. The rate at which these zoonotic diseases have appeared in people has increased over the past 40 years, with at least 43 newly identified outbreaks since 2004. In 2012, outbreaks included Ebola in Uganda (see Ebola box), yellow fever in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Rift Valley fever (RVF) in Mauritania. Zoonotic diseases have a huge impact – and a disproportionate one on the poorest people in the poorest countries. In low-income countries, 20% of human sickness and death is due to zoonoses. Poor people suffer further when development implications are not factored into disease planning and response strategies. A new, integrated ‘One Health’ approach to zoonoses that moves away from top-down disease-focused intervention is urgently needed. With this, we can put people first by factoring development implications into disease preparation and response strategies – and so move from panic to planning.Ecosystem Services for Poverty Alleviation (ESPA), DFI

Detection of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Development of an Automated Case-Finding Algorithm Using Administrative Data

ICD-9 codes are conventionally used to identify pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) from administrative data for surveillance purposes. This approach may include non-PID cases. To refine PID case identification among women with ICD-9 codes suggestive of PID, a case-finding algorithm was developed using additional variables. Potential PID cases were identified among women aged 15–44 years at Group Health (GH) and Kaiser Permanente Colorado (KPCO) and verified by medical record review. A classification and regression tree analysis was used to develop the algorithm at GH; validation occurred at KPCO. The positive predictive value (PPV) for using ICD-9 codes alone to identify clinical PID cases was 79%. The algorithm identified PID appropriate treatment and age 15–25 years as predictors. Algorithm sensitivity (GH = 96.4%; KPCO = 90.3%) and PPV (GH = 86.9%; KPCO = 84.5%) were high, but specificity was poor (GH = 45.9%; KPCO = 37.0%). In GH, the algorithm offered a practical alternative to medical record review to further improve PID case identification

Comparing alternating pressure mattresses and high-specification foam mattresses to prevent pressure ulcers in high-risk patients: the PRESSURE 2 RCT

Background: Pressure ulcers (PUs) are a burden to patients, carers and health-care providers. Specialist mattresses minimise the intensity and duration of pressure on vulnerable skin sites in at-risk patients. Primary objective: Time to developing a new PU of category ≥ 2 in patients using an alternating pressure mattress (APM) compared with a high-specification foam mattress (HSFM). Design: A multicentre, Phase III, open, prospective, planned as an adaptive double-triangular group sequential, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial with an a priori sample size of 2954 participants. Randomisation used minimisation (incorporating a random element). Setting: The trial was set in 42 secondary and community inpatient facilities in the UK. Participants: Adult inpatients with evidence of acute illness and at a high risk of PU development. Interventions and follow-up: APM or HSFM – the treatment phase lasted a maximum of 60 days; the final 30 days were post-treatment follow-up. Main outcome measures: Time to event. Results: From August 2013 to November 2016, 2029 participants were randomised to receive either APM (n = 1016) or HSFM (n = 1013). Primary end point – 30-day final follow-up: of the 2029 participants in the intention-to-treat population, 160 (7.9%) developed a new PU of category ≥ 2. There was insufficient evidence of a difference between groups for time to new PU of category ≥ 2 [Fine and Gray model HR 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56 to 1.04; exact p-value of 0.0890 and 2% absolute difference]. Treatment phase sensitivity analysis: 132 (6.5%) participants developed a new PU of category ≥ 2 between randomisation and end of treatment phase. There was a statistically significant difference in the treatment phase time-to-event sensitivity analysis (Fine and Gray model HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.93; p = 0.0176 and 2.6% absolute difference). Secondary end points – 30-day final follow-up: new PUs of category ≥ 1 developed in 350 (17.2%) participants, with no evidence of a difference between mattress groups in time to PU development, (Fine and Gray model HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.02; p-value = 0.0733 and absolute difference 3.1%). New PUs of category ≥ 3 developed in 32 (1.6%) participants with insufficient evidence of a difference between mattress groups in time to PU development (Fine and Gray model HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.40 to 1.62; p = 0.5530 and absolute difference 0.4%). Of the 145 pre-existing PUs of category 2, 89 (61.4%) healed – there was insufficient evidence of a difference in time to healing (Fine and Gray model HR 1.12, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.68; p = 0.6122 and absolute difference 2.9%). Health economics – the within-trial and long-term analysis showed APM to be cost-effective compared with HSFM; however, the difference in costs models are small and the quality-adjusted life-year gains are very small. There were no safety concerns. Blinded photography substudy – the reliability of central blinded review compared with clinical assessment for PUs of category ≥ 2 was ‘very good’ (kappa statistic 0.82, prevalence- and bias-adjusted kappa 0.82). Quality-of-life substudy – the Pressure Ulcer Quality of Life – Prevention (PU-QoL-P) instrument meets the established criteria for reliability, construct validity and responsiveness. Limitations: A lower than anticipated event rate. Conclusions: In acutely ill inpatients who are bedfast/chairfast and/or have a category 1 PU and/or localised skin pain, APMs confer a small treatment phase benefit that is diminished over time. Overall, the APM patient compliance, very low PU incidence rate observed and small differences between mattresses indicate the need for improved indicators for targeting of APMs and individualised decision-making. Decisions should take into account skin status, patient preferences (movement ability and rehabilitation needs) and the presence of factors that may be potentially modifiable through APM allocation, including being completely immobile, having nutritional deficits, lacking capacity and/or having altered skin/category 1 PU. Future work: Explore the relationship between mental capacity, levels of independent movement, repositioning and PU development. Explore ‘what works for whom and in what circumstances’. Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN01151335. Funding: This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 23, No. 52. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information

CREENCIAS CULTURALES DE MADRES DE NIÑOS MENORES DE CINCO AÑOS SOBRE ENFERMEDADES DIARREICAS EN EL CASERÍO DE SAN PEDRO DE SASAPE – ILLIMO 2014.

 Las diarreas constituyen la primera causa de morbilidad y mortalidad en niños menores de cinco años, en el tratamiento de esta enfermedad, lo que desempeñan un rol fundamental las creencias, siendo importante que el profesional de enfermería conozca las creencias que tienen las madres. Por ello el objetivo está dirigido a comprender las creencias culturales de las madres de niños menores de cinco años sobre enfermedades diarreicas, se empleó la trayectoria etnográfica, los participantes fueron nueves determinándose por la técnica de saturación. Se aplicó la entrevista semiestructurada, para recolectar los datos, usándose el método de análisis de contenido para procesar la información. Se tuvo en cuenta los principios éticos y de rigor científico. Se obtuvieron dos grandes categorías: "El poder de la transmisión de las creencias para el cuidado del niño con diarrea" e "Identificando las causas de las diarreas: higiene inadecuada". Concluimos que las madres dan prioridad a las creencias culturales transmitidas por sus antepasados en el manejo del cuidado del niño con diarreas como: pasada de huevo, el uso de hierbas como llantén, flor de overo, sentarlo en un ladrillo caliente y santiguarlo. Asimismo se educó a las madres que reconozcan la primera causa de la diarrea es la falta de higiene

Combined Use of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific CD4 and CD8 T-Cell Responses Is a Powerful Diagnostic Tool of Active Tuberculosis

Immune-based assays are promising tools to help to formulate diagnosis of active tuberculosis. A multiparameter flow cytometry assay assessing T-cell responses specific to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the combination of both CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses accurately discriminated between active tuberculosis and latent infectio

The associations between genetics, salt taste perception and salt intake in young adults

Food liking is one of the main determinants of food intake. Salt taste perception and preference, that play a role in liking of salt, may be genetically determined, although research in humans is scarce. The aim of this study was to explore the associations between genetics, salt taste perception, preference, self-reported salt habit and intake. The participants were young (18-35 years) and healthy adults (32 males and 63 females). Salt taste thresholds were determined with British Standard ISO3972:2011 methodology and salt taste preference by ratings of saltiness and pleasantness of tomato soup with salt concentrations reflecting salt content in foods. Self-reported salt habit was determined by asking participants how salty they usually eat their food and salt intake with two 24-hour 5-step multiple pass recalls. Genotyping for variants in the SCNN1B rs239345 and TRPV1 rs8065080 was performed. Participants homozygous for the minor allele of the rs8065080 had lower ratings of saltiness (p = 0.008) and higher ratings of pleasantness of soup (p = 0.027) when compared to major allele carriers. Preference for salt in soup was associated with salt habit (p = 0.003) and participants with high salt preference had higher salt intake compared to those with low salt preference (2236 ± 261 vs. 1543 ± 107 mg/1000 kcal, p = 0.017). TRPV1 rs8065080 may play a role in salt taste perception and preference, which should be confirmed in a larger sample size study. Hedonic appeal of salty food should be considered when providing personalised advice to change this behaviour