3D cadastral complexities in dense urban areas of developing countries: case studies from Delhi and satellite towns

Cadastral systems based on 2D spatial representation have served land administration and property management well for centuries. In India, the basic unit of the cadastral record is the land parcel, which is known as plot. Maintenance of land records with ownership; assessment of tax on the property and tax collection is the responsibility of district authorities. Historically, Delhi has been preferred as a capital by different rulers from various dynasties and invaders coming from different partTS03B_ezeomedo_igbokwe_6421s of the world even before 15th century. As in many densely populated areas even the early developments included 3D solutions, both below and above the surface. In the early days these were rather exceptions, but the 3D use of space has only been increased afterwards due to the continuously growing needs for space and the increased (civil) engineering and construction capabilities. In the early decades after gaining independence in 1947, Delhi rapidly began taking shape of a metro city due to large number of refugees coming from Pakistan who changed the landscape of entire Delhi. By the starting of 21st Century, Delhi had started growing rapidly in terms of population and infrastructure development. This rapid expansion in Delhi and immediate neighbouring cities of Noida and Gurgaon found the land administration agencies of these cities unprepared to deal with this rapidly changing land market. Delhi is managed by various land management agencies. Some have a major role to play in planning and development of the land like Delhi Development Authority while others focus more execution and maintenance like municipal corporations. Delhi does have a long-standing system of Deed registration but have no central registry. In general, records of land held by governmental agencies are maintained by each individual agency. The current paper aims to study the multi-stakeholding urban area locations in Delhi and around where (infrastructural) changes are creating the complex land management situations for the authorities involved. Three cases, mainly related to buildings and apartments, are presented in brief to highlight the different aspects of 3D spatial complexities involved while the forth case study is mode elaborated and focusing on multi-infrastructure (utility) networks in one single area. General Spatial Dimensions for each case are discussed focusing on geometric aspects in vertical and horizontal space below or above surface. As a specific focus, the spatial dimensions are discussed within the context of Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) Spatial Unit Package context

L'habitat informel à Delhi : panorama historique et implications politiques

Texte intégral disponible à http://www.annalesdelarechercheurbaine.fr/IMG/pdf/ARU106-Giraud_ST.pdfNational audienceL'étude du cas de la capitale indienne permet de mesurer l'étendue du problème dans les villes d'Asie du Sud. L'analyse historique de l'évolution de la structure urbaine de Delhi depuis l'indépendance illustre le rôle des politiques de développement urbain, de planification et de résorption de l'habitat informel dans le cheminement jusqu'à une structure actuelle où l'informalité joue encore un rôle prépondérant et nullement décroissant. Elle constitue un obstacle essentiel à l'accès aux services urbains de base non seulement des plus pauvres, mais aussi d'autres fractions de la population

The Dying Wetlands of Delhi: An Overview on the Threats and Conservation Strategies of Wetlands

India is endowed with an area of 4.3% of its total geographical area as wetlands, out of which Delhi share accounts for only 0.02% (2771 sq. km). Though wetlands comprise of only 4% of the total earth’s surface, these are the most productive ecosystems and provide a wide range of ecological services like recharging of groundwater, food, raw materials, habitat for wildlife, recreational values, etc. But these fragile ecosystems are under tremendous stress due to different anthropogenic activities like developmental activities, unplanned urbanization, pollution and growth of population, particularly in metropolitan cities like Delhi. As a consequence, there have been a decline in the hydrological, economic and ecological functions provided by the wetlands.  This paper concentrates on the important wetlands of Delhi and gives an account on its importance and the continuous threats they are exposed to. It also discusses the management and restoration techniques that can be deployed to retrieve these dying entities

L'habitat informel à Delhi. Panorama historique et implications politiques.

L'étude du cas de la capitale indienne permet de mesurer l'étendue du problème que pose la prévalence de l'habitat informel dans les villes d'Asie du sud. L'analyse historique de l'évolution de la structure urbaine de Delhi depuis l'indépendance illustre le rôle des politiques de développement urbain, de planification et de résorption de l'habitat informel dans le cheminement jusqu'à une structure actuelle où l'informalité joue encore un rôle prépondérant et nullement décroissant. Elle constitue un obstacle essentiel à l'accès aux services urbains de base non seulement des plus pauvres, mais aussi d'autres fractions de la population.habitat, habitat informel, structure urbaine, développement urbain

Impact of Poor Waste Management and Other Services in Urban Slums and Unauthorized Settlements

Editorial&nbsp

Uncovering the silences: Environmental knowledges in the floodplains of Yamuna, Delhi

Actions to control nature and people often involve the centralisation of knowledge and erasure of different and opposing views. This way, a singular ordered and homogenous nature takes the place of a highly complex and multidimensional one, hiding all historical, cultural, and regional issues. As a result, the understanding of nature needs to break the silo of the environmental and be understood as a complex assemblage of emotions, worldviews, knowledges, practices, and processes. Ethnography then becomes epistemologically important to the investigation of crucial aspects of the continuous reproduction of ecologies. Here the situated local actors are viewed as knowledgeable; not limiting the focus to a single dimension makes the ontology rich and complex. These field notes represent a qualitative methodology, making use of methods such as semi-structured conversations and exploring different landscapes with the actors. I examine how a government employee and a land-claiming farmer describe their surroundings and their role while situating themselves within the larger socio-political structures. Using field notes makes it possible to share a microscopic view of the larger picture. The intention is not to romanticise the knowledges of farmers as a key to bringing equitable outcomes; rather, the intention is to untangle the complex socio-ecological reality of the Yamuna floodplains in Delhi

Critical cities. Learning from extreme urban contexts, paths for sustainable urban planning in New Delhi and beyond

New Delhi is the second largest megacity in the world, housing around 26 million inhabitants, it’s also a city of extremes.1 Uneven growth and social segregation, massive urbanization, environmental threats, lack of public services, infrastructural weaknesses are a daily routine, and not some future dystopian scenario. 2 According to Delhi Master Plan (2021), only 24% of the population lives in considered legal areas, with the remaining 76% of the population inhabiting unauthorized areas, with poor access to basic services such as house, water, electricity, health or education. 3 The majority of urban population seems to have been forgotten across time or doomed to social-spatial exclusion, enunciating an outstanding gap between planning practice and the dynamics and needs of the city. We may question whether the perpetuation of this gap hasn’t been always embedded in planning and policy practice, constituting an echo of political, economic, institutional and scientific ‘influences’ ? from the West to the East or a mirror of the Indian fragmented society. 4 Three urban planning moments will be revisited in this paper, corresponding also to specific historical contexts, urban models, polices and regulations: Colonial planning driven by the interests of the British empire; modernist planning motivated by post-independence democracy; and, more recently, what one may venture to categorize as neoliberal planning, boosted by economic structural adjustments in the 90’s.56 It’s intended to demonstrate the nexus between the exercise of planning and police making and the growing detachment between a ‘planned city’ and an ‘unplanned city’, with its extreme consequences and risks. Finally, the paper presents some concluding remarks on the importance to critically analyse the permeability of concepts, models and practices to external influences, and how urban planning field may be undermined and/or undermining the solving of urban challenges around the World. This paper presents preliminary results of a research exchange at the Centre for the Study of Science Policy, Jawarlal Nehru University (New Delhi) under the European Marie Currie project "Crossing Borders. Knowledge, Innovation and Technology transfer across borders". Main results are based on literature review, consultation of planning/policy tools and the analysis of a set of interviews conducted to researchers from several disciplinary fields and to public institutions related to urban planning.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Connecting the disconnected: a unique public-private-people-partnership (PPPP) sanitation model in Delhi, India

Delhi is a home to around 2 million people living in 675 unauthorised settlements. These settlements have no or inadequate access to sustainable water & sanitation services due to lack of tenure rights and space crunch. For sanitation needs people have to depend on poorly managed & unsafe community toilet complexes or resorting to open defecation. The Safeda Basti pilot project attempts to demonstrate that synergy in the approach and work of the government, community, non-profit and private financial institutions can lead to a sustainable sanitation solution even for the poor living in unauthorised urban slums. This project demonstrates a unique Public-Private-People Partnership (PPPP) model in sanitation, wherein community participation was intrinsic throughout the project life cycle, resulting into a complete and sustainable sanitation to the targeted marginalized community

Demand estimation of Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) using stated preference technique and binary logit models

Abstract Keywords: PRT personal rapid transit travel demand binary logit model Dwarka Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) is an efficient rapid transit system which provides the last mile connectivity to the users with a high level of reliability and comfort. This paper is focused on the estimation of travel demand for a PRT system in an area using stated preference technique and binary logit models. Dwarka is a township in south-western region of New Delhi, India, and it has been selected as the case study area for this study. Primary data has been collected during household and establishment surveys in the area. The surveys were conducted using stated preference technique and coupled with willingness to pay survey. Further, binary logit models have been developed to estimate a 36 percent (222,456 trips per day) shift to PRT from the existing modes in the area. Travel demand estimation is one of the critical aspects of planning a PRT system in an area. Using stated preference technique and binary logit models, the travel demand can be estimated very precisely for any area-wide or a larger city-wide PRT system

Decentralisation and urban primary health services: a case study of Delhi’s Mohalla Clinics

The Indian political party Aam Aadmi, which assumed power in the city-state of Delhi in 2015, introduced Mohalla Clinics (i.e. neighbourhood clinics) to provide free primary health services for all, as a response to the rising inaccessibility of primary healthcare facilities for the urban poor. These clinics were to be governed through Mohalla Sabhas (i.e. neighbourhood committees), which are instruments of participatory governance within the neighbourhood. The research compares promises and practice for Mohalla Clinics, especially focusing on governance and the politics surrounding it. The authors find that in their current form Mohalla Clinics are limited to providing primary curative healthcare and have shown limited success, although Mohalla Clinic users do save time and expenditure on primary healthcare, and the clinics have led to a more comprehensive form of primary healthcare than in the past. However, Mohalla Clinics are governed in a top-down fashion by the Government of the National Capital Territory-Delhi, and not by urban local bodies or the envisaged neighbourhood committees. As a result, they face problems that may inhibit their functioning in the long term