Las primeras fases constructivas de Arquillos y el Porrosillo en las nuevas poblaciones de Sierra Morena, 1767-1797 (Jaén, Andalucía)

Este trabajo estudia la fase inicial de la fundación de la población de Arquillos y El Porrosillo dentro del proyecto de Sierra Morena bajo el reinado de Carlos III a partir de 1767. Las viviendas fueron una de las primeras actuaciones de los trabajos de los colonos y que incluyen elementos básicos del espíritu del proyecto: primero, casas concentradas en pueblos o dispersas por los campos; segundo, la unión jurídica de los inmuebles y las tierras para legitimar las posesiones de los colonos; tercero, relación entre los datos documentales sobre el número de casas y el porcentaje de visibilidad en la cartografía histórica. El resultado final es la confirmación, en todas las fuentes, de la evolución de la concentración de estas construcciones

Revisión sistemática de los algoritmos para detección de enfermedades fúngicas en el arroz.

This article details the possibility of detecting fungal diseases in rice crops, using artificial intelligence techniques. The authors of the information collected, make proposals for techniques to obtain characteristics of the leaves or fruits of the plants, as well as the use of sorting or grouping algorithms, all this in order to determine if a leaf shows signs of any disease. As there are various types of diseases and various varieties of plants, the authors make proposals to use the algorithm that they consider to be the one that will obtain the best results. In the end it was concluded that, it is possible to detect diseases bringing with it a direct benefit for the farmer who implements it, since a timely diagnosis would give a response to the disease and therefore reduce the risk in economic losses.El presente artículo, detalla sobre la posibilidad de detectar enfermedades fúngicas en cultivos de arroz, utilizando técnicas de inteligencia artificial. Los autores de la información recopilada hacen propuestas de técnicas de obtención de características de las hojas o frutos de las plantas, así como también el uso de algoritmos clasificadores o de agrupación, todo esto con el fin de determinar si una hoja, presenta signos de alguna enfermedad. Al haber diversos tipos de enfermedades y diversas variedades de plantas, los autores hacen propuestas para utilizar el algoritmo que ellos consideran el que obtendrá mejores resultados. Al final se concluyó que, sí es posible detectar enfermedades trayendo consigo un beneficio directo para el agricultor que la implemente, ya que un diagnóstico oportuno, daría una respuesta a la enfermedad y por lo tanto reducción del riesgo en pérdidas económicas

Altered machinery of protein synthesis is region- and stage-dependent and is associated with α-synuclein oligomers in Parkinson’s disease

Mean ratio of the number of nucleolar staining and the total number of neurons (ratio SD) visualized with haematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry to NPM1 and NPM3 in the substantia nigra at stages 1, 3, 4, and 5 of PD. Percentage (%) of nucleolus staining and total neurons. No significant differences are seen regarding the ratios of NPM3 nucleolar staining along disease progression. However, NPM1 immunohistochemistry reveals a significant decrease between PD1 and PD5 (P ≤ 0.05 One-way Anova) (DOC 28 kb

The p38 MAPK Components and Modulators as Biomarkers and Molecular Targets in Cancer

This research was funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, grant number RTI2018-101309-B-C22 and by the Chair Doctors Galera-Requena in cancer stem cell research.The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family is an important bridge in the transduction of extracellular and intracellular signals in different responses at the cellular level. Within this MAPK family, the p38 kinases can be found altered in various diseases, including cancer, where these kinases play a fundamental role, sometimes with antagonistic mechanisms of action, depending on several factors. In fact, this family has an immense number of functionalities, many of them yet to be discovered in terms of regulation and action in different types of cancer, being directly involved in the response to cancer therapies. To date, three main groups of MAPKs have been identified in mammals: the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and the different isoforms of p38 (alpha, beta, gamma, delta). In this review, we highlight the mechanism of action of these kinases, taking into account their extensive regulation at the cellular level through various modifications and modulations, including a wide variety of microRNAs. We also analyze the importance of the different isoforms expressed in the different tissues and their possible role as biomarkers and molecular targets. In addition, we include the latest preclinical and clinical trials with different p38-related drugs that are ongoing with hopeful expectations in the present/future of developing precision medicine in cancer.MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER RTI2018-101309-B-C22Chair Doctors Galera-Requena in cancer stem cell researc

Altered machinery of protein synthesis is region- and stage-dependent and is associated with α-synuclein oligomers in Parkinson’s disease

Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal a-synuclein in selected regions of the brain following a gradient of severity with disease progression. Whether this is accompanied by globally altered protein synthesis is poorly documented. The present study was carried out in PD stages 1-6 of Braak and middle-aged (MA) individuals without alterations in brain in the substantia nigra, frontal cortex area 8, angular gyrus, precuneus and putamen. Results: Reduced mRNA expression of nucleolar proteins nucleolin (NCL), nucleophosmin (NPM1), nucleoplasmin 3 (NPM3) and upstream binding transcription factor (UBF), decreased NPM1 but not NPM3 nucleolar protein immunostaining in remaining neurons; diminished 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA; reduced expression of several mRNAs encoding ribosomal protein (RP) subunits; and altered protein levels of initiation factor eIF3 and elongation factor eEF2 of protein synthesis was found in the substantia nigra in PD along with disease progression. Although many of these changes can be related to neuron loss in the substantia nigra, selective alteration of certain factors indicates variable degree of vulnerability of mRNAs, rRNAs and proteins in degenerating sustantia nigra. NPM1 mRNA and 18S rRNA was increased in the frontal cortex area 8 at stage 5-6; modifications were less marked and region-dependent in the angular gyrus and precuneus. Several RPs were abnormally regulated in the frontal cortex area 8 and precuneus, but only one RP in the angular gyrus, in PD. Altered levels of eIF3 and eIF1, and decrease eEF1A and eEF2 protein levels were observed in the frontal cortex in PD. No modifications were found in the putamen at any time of the study except transient modifications in 28S rRNA and only one RP mRNA at stages 5-6. These observations further indicate marked region-dependent and stage-dependent alterations in the cerebral cortex in PD. Altered solubility and a-synuclein oligomer formation, assessed in total homogenate fractions blotted with anti-a-synuclein oligomer-specific antibody, was demonstrated in the substantia nigra and frontal cortex, but not in the putamen, in PD. Dramatic increase in a-synuclein oligomers was also seen in fluorescent-activated cell sorter (FACS)-isolated nuclei in the frontal cortex in PD. Conclusions: Altered machinery of protein synthesis is altered in the substantia nigra and cerebral cortex in PD being the frontal cortex area 8 more affected than the angular gyrus and precuneus; in contrast, pathways of protein synthesis are apparently preserved in the putamen. This is associated with the presence of alpha-synuclein oligomeric species in total homogenates; substantia nigra and frontal cortex are enriched, albeit with different band patterns, in alpha-synuclein oligomeric species, whereas alpha-synuclein oligomers are not detected in the putamen

Albayzín-2014 evaluation: audio segmentation and classification in broadcast news domains

The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13636-015-0076-3Audio segmentation is important as a pre-processing task to improve the performance of many speech technology tasks and, therefore, it has an undoubted research interest. This paper describes the database, the metric, the systems and the results for the Albayzín-2014 audio segmentation campaign. In contrast to previous evaluations where the task was the segmentation of non-overlapping classes, Albayzín-2014 evaluation proposes the delimitation of the presence of speech, music and/or noise that can be found simultaneously. The database used in the evaluation was created by fusing different media and noises in order to increase the difficulty of the task. Seven segmentation systems from four different research groups were evaluated and combined. Their experimental results were analyzed and compared with the aim of providing a benchmark and showing up the promising directions in this field.This work has been partially funded by the Spanish Government and the European Union (FEDER) under the project TIN2011-28169-C05-02 and supported by the European Regional Development Fund and the Spanish Government (‘SpeechTech4All Project’ TEC2012-38939-C03

Presencia de mordida invertida en un grupo de niños y adolescentes. San Antonio de los Baños. 2014

Introducción: la mordida invertida corresponde a una maloclusión de interés en las consultas ortodóncicas actuales. Objetivo: describir la presencia de mordida invertida en un grupo de niños y adolescentes, y los factores de riesgo asociados a esta. Material y Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en un universo de 891 pacientes, examinados e ingresados en la Consulta 3 del Departamento de Ortodoncia de la Clínica Estomatológica Docente "Raúl González Sánchez", municipio San Antonio de los Baños, en el período comprendido entre el 2006 al 2014, seleccionando una muestra de 363 pacientes entre 6 y 19 años. Fueron confeccionadas sus historias clínicas donde se encontró la información con respecto a la presencia de mordida invertida, factores de riesgo, edad, sexo y la Clasificación Sindrómica de Moyers. Resultados: se presentó la mordida invertida en el grupo de 10 a 15 años en 53.93%, en las féminas en 67.41% y en el síndrome de clase I en 60.97% (anterior) y 55.55% (posterior). La presencia de discrepancia hueso-diente negativa, dentro de los factores de riesgo, la representó 92.13% del total de individuos con esta alteración. Las interferencias dentales se representaron en 8.98%. Conclusiones: existe mayor presencia de mordida invertida en el sexo femenino, en el grupo de 10 a 14 años y en el Síndrome Clase I de la Clasificación Sindrómica de Moyers. El factor de riesgo que tuvo mayor relación fue la falta de espacio y el de menor influencia las interferencias dentales.Palabras clave: Mordida invertida, factores de riesgo, hábitos, interferencias dentarias, discrepancia hueso, diente, Clasificación Sindrómica de Moyers.ABSTRACTIntroduction: the inverted bite corresponds to a malocclusion of interest in the orthodontic current consultations actually. Objective: to describe the presence of inverted bite in a group of children and adolescent and the associated risk factors. Material and Methods: a Cross section descriptive study was carried out in 891 patient examined and admitted in the Outpatient consult number 3 of the Department of Orthodontics at The Teaching Stomatological Clinic ¨Raúl González Sánchez¨ San Antonio de los Baños Municipality corresponding to the period between the year 2006 to the 2014, a sample of 363 patient aging between 6 and 19 years was selected. Clinical records were done by specialists, resident, helping pupils, in which was found the information with respect to the presence of inverted bite, risk factors, age, sex and the Moyers syndromes’ classification. Results: the inverted bite corresponding to the group of 10 to 15 years old was presented in 53.93 %, in women a 67.41% and in the Class I syndrome appeared in a 60.97 % (anterior) and a 55.55 % (posterior). The presence of discrepancy bone -negative tooth, among the risk factors represented the 92.13% of the total showing this alteration. The dental interferences represented the 8.98 %. Conclusions: a highest prevalence of the inverted bite appeared in female corresponding to the group of 10 to 14 years and in the Class I of the Moyers syndrome´s classification. The most relating risk factor associated with the inverted bite was the absence of space and those of smaller influence the dental interferences.Keywords: inverted bite, risk factors, habits, dental interferences, discrepancy bone,tooth, Moyers syndrome´s classification

The economic burden of disease of epithelial ovarian cancer in Spain: the OvarCost study

bjective: To assess the economic burden of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) in incident patients and the burden by disease stage in Spain. Methods: We developed a Markov model from a social perspective simulating the natural history of EOC and its four stages, with a 10-year time horizon, 3-week cycles, 3% discount rate, and 2016 euros. Healthcare resource utilization and costs were estimated by disease stage. Direct healthcare costs (DHC) included early screening, genetic counselling, medical visits, diagnostic tests, surgery, chemotherapy, hospitalizations, emergency services, and palliative care. Direct non-healthcare costs (DNHC) included formal and informal care. Indirect costs (IC) included labour productivity losses due to temporary and permanent leaves, and premature death. Epidemiology data and resource use were taken from the literature and validated for Spain by the OvarCost group using a Delphi method. Results: The total burden of EOC over 10 years was 3102 mill euros: 15.1% in stage I, 3.9% in stage II, 41.0% in stage III, and 40.2% in stage IV. Annual average cost/patient was 24,111 and it was 8,641; 14,184; 33,858, and 42,547 in stages I-IV, respectively. Of total costs, 71.2% were due to DHC, 24.7% to DNHC, and 4.1% to IC. Conclusions: EOC imposes a significant economic burden on the national healthcare system and society in Spain. Investment in better early diagnosis techniques might increase survival and patients' quality of life. This would likely reduce costs derived from late stages, consequently leading to a substantial reduction of the economic burden associated with EOC

Subjective well-being, happiness, and environmental health factors related to women planning a pregnancy or pregnant, using mobile health intervention

Objectives: To compare the environmental health results in women trying to get pregnant or pregnant using a mobile health application (Green Page) through healthcare professionals or self-completed by women, and to explore the relationship between the subjective well-being of these women with their lifestyles and environmental factors. Methods: A descriptive study with mixed methods was conducted in 2018. A mobile health survey was used in two phases. Phase 1 was a cross-sectional study through professionals (n = 1100) followed by phase 2, a convenience sampling through women's self-reporting (n = 3425). A personalized report was downloadable with health recommendations for the well-being of the mother and child. Results: Of the 3205 participants (mean age = 33 years, SD = 0.2 years), 1840 were planning a pregnancy and 1365 were pregnant. One in five pregnant women had a low level of happiness. Globally, subjective well-being and happiness were found to be negatively associated with lack of contact with nature, sedentary lifestyle, excess weight, environmental exposure, and older age in pregnancy. Precisely 45%, 60%, and 14% of women were exposed to tobacco, alcohol, and illegal drugs, respectively. The women self-reported levels of risk factors higher than when the tool was used by or through professionals. Conclusions: The use of mobile health interventions focused on environmental health during planning or pregnancy periods could help improve the quality of healthcare and foster greater involvement of women in their self-care process, thus promoting empowerment, healthier environments, and lifestyles. Ensuring equity of access and data protection are global challenges to be addressed.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by the Foundation for Formation and Research (FFIS) from Murcia's Drug Commissioner Office (Ecosistema Saludable, Neurodesallorro Saludable), the National Plan on Drugs, Ministry of Health, Spain (ID8437); the Mount Sinai International Exchange Program for Minority Student (Grant MD001452) from the National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities of the U.S. National Institutes of Health; and the Sociedad de Pediatría del Sureste de España and its contribution to the project “Profile of childhood and adolescence environmental health in the region of Murcia” (FFIS-DF-2022-36). EOP is supported by a postdoctoral contract from the Instituto Murciano de Investigaciones Biosanitarias Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain).S

Risk of infections in patients with NAFLD and Type 2 Diabetes under treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors and relationship with liver outcomes: A retrospective case-control study

Hepatic outcomes; Infections; Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitorsResultados hepáticos; Infecciones; Inhibidores del cotransportador de sodio-glucosa-2Resultats hepàtics; Infeccions; Inhibidors del cotransportador de sodi-glucosa-2Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease in developed countries, with its incidence growing parallel to the epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are becoming a cornerstone in the management of cardiovascular health and some studies suggest the potential role in NAFLD. However, patients under treatment with SGLT2i are at risk of developing genitourinary fungal infections (GFIs). Moreover, both NAFLD and SGLT2i have a strong influence on the immune system, and therefore the risk of infections other than GFIs could be increased in NAFLD patients treated with SGLT2i. We aimed to examine the possible association of SGLT2i with infections and hepatic outcomes in NAFLD patients. Methods: We conducted a case-control study including NAFLD patients with T2DM visited at the Liver Unit outpatient clinic from 2016 to 2021 with a minimum follow-up of 6 months by selecting 65 patients receiving SGLT2i and 130 matched patients with other types of antidiabetic treatment. Results: During follow-up, GFIs were significantly higher in the SGLT2i group (15.4% vs. 3.8%; p=0.008), whereas there were no differences in the occurrence of overall infections (41.5% vs. 30%; p=0.1) nor in other types of specific infections. In the multivariable analysis, treatment with SGLT2i was not independently associated with higher odds of overall infection. On the other hand, SGLT2i patients showed a significantly lower incidence of hepatic events (1.5% vs. 10.7%; p=0.02). There were no significant different in all-cause mortality between cases and controls. Conclusions: NAFLD patients with T2DM receiving SGLT2i more frequently presented GFIs, whereas the incidence of other types of infections was not found to be higher than in other patients with NAFLD and T2DM treated with other drugs. Moreover, SGLT2i-treated patients had a lower occurrence of hepatic events. Further studies are warranted to validate our data.Funds from European Commission/EFPIA IMI2 853966-2, IMI2 777377, H2020 847989, and ISCIII PI19/01898