Impact of Climate Change on Zoonotic Diseases in Latin America

La Convención Marco de Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático (CMNUCC), con sede en Bonn, Alemania, define el cambio climático como "un cambio de clima atribuido directa o indirectamente a la actividad humana que altera la composición de la atmósfera mundial y que se suma a los recursos naturales variabilidad del clima observada durante períodos de tiempo comparables ". Aunque muchas otras definiciones se pueden encontrar y se han declarado por muchos autores y grupos de investigación, el mensaje clave importante, es que el cambio climático supone una seria amenaza para el mundo, que puede generar agitación social, los desplazamientos de población, las dificultades económicas y ambientales la degradación, entre muchas otras consecuencias relevantes. Con el fin de llegar a un verde como World menos impacto antropogénico, de acuerdo con las nuevas tendencias ecológicas en la sociedad, la mitigación del cambio climático debe ser una prioridad para la sociedad y sus gobiernos (Rodríguez-Morales, 2011). Como se ha indicado anteriormente, el cambio climático ya es un problema ampliamente conocido por múltiples disciplinas (Rodríguez-Morales, 2005). Aunque sus orígenes pueden converger en un complejo de múltiples fenómenos de interacción, para algunas disciplinas, como las ciencias biológicas y médicas, sus consecuencias son más estudiados y destacan por sus implicaciones actuales y más.Aún más, sus impactos y chillidos son motivo de preocupación a nivel global (Rodríguez-Morales et al, 2010 ). Esta amenaza creciente constituye en el siglo XXI un reto importante para la humanidad. Sus efectos aún son muchos los aspectos que se han estudiado no por la sociedad en diferentes niveles.The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC), located in Bonn,Germany, defines climate change as “a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods”. Although many other definitions can be found and have been stated by many authors and research groups, the important key message, is that global climate change poses a serious threat to the World, which can generate social upheaval, population displacement, economic hardships, and environmental degradation, among many other relevant consequences. In order to reach a green as less anthropogenically impacted World, according to the new ecological trends in the society, mitigation of global climate change should be a priority for the society and its governments (Rodriguez-Morales, 2011). As has been previously stated, climate change is already a widely known problem to multiple disciplines (Rodriguez-Morales, 2005). Although its origins can converge in a complex of multiple interacting phenomena, for some disciplines, such as biological and medical sciences, their consequences are more studied and highlighted for their current and further implications. Even more, its impacts and squeals are cause of concern at a global level (Rodriguez-Morales et al, 2010). This growing threat represents in the XXI century a significant challenge for the humankind. Its effects even include many aspects that have been not studied by the society at different levels

Importancia del concepto de Empresa Familiar en investigación: utilización de la base de datos SABI para su clasificación

Este trabajo tiene que ver con aspectos conceptuales de la empresa familiar (EF) y su impacto en la investigación. Su objetivo es servir de guía en el desarrollo de trabajos empíricos que pretenden disociar la EF de la empresa no familiar (EnF) mediante la utilización de bases de datos, particularmente contables y, más concretamente, en el caso español, con la base SABI. En él se pone de manifiesto la importancia, en el ámbito empírico, de buscar un mecanismo que nos permita identificar la EF de forma eficiente, así como las dificultades existentes para ello con el uso de SABI. Trabajar con diferentes criterios de selección y el uso de apellidos nos permite proponer una tipología de EF.

Comportamiento catalítico de una Bentonita modificada con Manganeso en la oxidación en fase húmeda de naranja de metilo con peróxido de hidrógeno

En este trabajo se presenta un estudio comparativo en el que se introduce manganeso en una bentonita colombiana proveniente del Valle del Cauca (BVC) utilizando tres métodos: i) pilarización con Al 2 O 3 y posterior impregnación húmeda con una disolución acuosa de manganeso, ii) co-intercalación con una disolución oligomérica mixta de Al-Mn seguida de una etapa de calcinación y iii) homoionización con Mn 2+ y posterior formación in-situ de agregados tipo MnS. Los sólidos resultantes son caracterizados por espectroscopía de absorción atómica (EAA), capacidad de intercambio catiónico (CIC) y difracción de rayos X en polvo (DRX), y evaluados como catalizadores en la oxidación de naranja de metilo con peróxido de hidrógeno

“Otro cualquiera siendo de los de Calderón”. Autos y comedias en Ávila en el siglo XVIII

Presentación y transcripción de cinco documentos de archivo inéditos que ofrecen títulos de comedias y autos sacramentales representados en Ávila (1707, 1719, 1754 y 1755) y Oropesa (1755). Se trata de tres contratos con compañías de comedias y de dos licencias episcopales. El autor de comedias más representado fue Calderón, al que también pertenece la totalidad de los autos sacramentales citados.Presentation and transcription of five unpublished archive documents that offer titles of comedies and autos sacramentales performed in Ávila (1707, 1719, 1754 and 1755) and Oropesa (1755). It involves three contracts with comedy companies and two episcopal licenses. The author of comedies most represented was Calderón, who is also author of all the here mentioned autos sacramentales

Extrafloral nectaries in Leguminosae: phylogenetic distribution, morphological diversity and evolution

Extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) mediating ecologically important ant-plant protection mutualisms are especially common and unusually diverse in the Leguminosae. We present the first comprehensively curated list of legume genera with EFNs, detailing and illustrating their systematic and phylogenetic distributions, locations on the plant, morphology and anatomy, based on a unified classification of EFN categories and a time-calibrated phylogeny incorporating 710 of the 768 genera. This new synthesis, the first since McKey (1989)?s seminal paper, increases the number of genera with EFNs to 152 (20% of legumes), distributed across subfamilies Cercidoideae (1), Detarioideae (19), Caesalpinioideae (87) and Papilionoideae (45). EFNs occur at nine locations, and are most prevalent on vegetative plant parts, especially leaves (74%) and inflorescence axes (26%). Four main categories (with eight subcategories) are recognized: formless, trichomatic (exposed, hollow), parenchymatic (embedded, pit, flat, elevated) and abscission zone EFNs (non-differentiated, swollen scars). Phylogenetic reconstruction of EFNs suggests independent evolutionary trajectories of different EFN types, with elevated EFNs restricted almost exclusively to Caesalpinioideae (where they underwent spectacular morphological disparification), flat EFNs in Detarioideae, swollen scar EFNs in Papilionoideae, and Cercidoideae is the only subfamily bearing intrastipular EFNs. We discuss the complex evolutionary history of EFNs and highlight future research directions.Fil: Marazzi, Brigitte. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; Argentina. Natural History Museum Of Canton Ticino; SuizaFil: González, Ana María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Delgado Salinas, Alfonso. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Luckow, Melissa A.. Cornell University; Estados UnidosFil: Ringelberg, Jens J.. Universitat Zurich; SuizaFil: Hughes, Colin E.. Universitat Zurich; Suiz

Neck circumference and clustered cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents: Cross-sectional study

Objective Early detection of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, such as obesity, is crucial to prevent adverse long-term effects on individuals'' health. Therefore, the aims were: (1) to explore the robustness of neck circumference (NC) as a predictor of CVD and examine its association with numerous anthropometric and body composition indices and (2) to release sex and age-specific NC cut-off values to classify youths as overweight/obese. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting 23 primary schools and 17 secondary schools from Spain. Participants 2198 students (1060 girls), grades 1-4 and 7-10. Measures Pubertal development, anthropometric and body composition indices, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively), cardiorespiratory fitness, blood sampling triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), glucose and inflammatory markers. Homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) and cluster of CVD risk factors were calculated. Results NC was positively correlated with all anthropometric and body composition indices. NC was negatively associated with maximum oxygen consumption (R 2 =0.231, p<0.001 for boys; R 2 =0.018, p<0.001 for girls) and positively associated with SBP, DBP, TC/HDL-c, TG, HOMA, complement factors C-3 and C-4, leptin, adiponectin and clustered CVD risk factor in both sexes (R 2 from 0.035 to 0.353, p<0.01 for boys; R 2 from 0.024 to 0.215, p<0.001 for girls). Moreover, NC was positively associated with serum C reactive protein, LDL-c and visfatin only in boys (R 2 from 0.013 to 0.107, p<0.05). Conclusion NC is a simple, low-cost and practical screening tool of excess of upper body obesity and CVD risk factors in children and adolescents. Paediatricians can easily use it as a screening tool for overweight/obesity in children and adolescents. For this purpose, sex and age-specific thresholds to classify children and adolescents as normal weight or overweight/obese are provided

Advances in power quality analysis techniques for electrical machines and drives: a review

The electric machines are the elements most used at an industry level, and they represent the major power consumption of the productive processes. Particularly speaking, among all electric machines, the motors and their drives play a key role since they literally allow the motion interchange in the industrial processes; it could be said that they are the medullar column for moving the rest of the mechanical parts. Hence, their proper operation must be guaranteed in order to raise, as much as possible, their efficiency, and, as consequence, bring out the economic benefits. This review presents a general overview of the reported works that address the efficiency topic in motors and drives and in the power quality of the electric grid. This study speaks about the relationship existing between the motors and drives that induces electric disturbances into the grid, affecting its power quality, and also how these power disturbances present in the electrical network adversely affect, in turn, the motors and drives. In addition, the reported techniques that tackle the detection, classification, and mitigations of power quality disturbances are discussed. Additionally, several works are reviewed in order to present the panorama that show the evolution and advances in the techniques and tendencies in both senses: motors and drives affecting the power source quality and the power quality disturbances affecting the efficiency of motors and drives. A discussion of trends in techniques and future work about power quality analysis from the motors and drives efficiency viewpoint is provided. Finally, some prompts are made about alternative methods that could help in overcome the gaps until now detected in the reported approaches referring to the detection, classification and mitigation of power disturbances with views toward the improvement of the efficiency of motors and drives.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version