p-adic analogues of the law of large numbers and the central limit theorem

This paper is a study of motion verbs employed in the so-called «virtual motion constructions» in Ancient Greek. The authors claim that these constructions involve a metaphorical projection and explore the role of metaphor in the syntactic construction and use of the voices. Besides, generic reference and stativity associated with virtual motion verbs are explained with reference to the descriptive character of these constructions and the descriptive text type in which they tend to appear.El presente trabajo es un estudio de los verbos de movimiento empleados en las «construcciones de movimiento virtual» en griego antiguo. Los autores proponen que estas construcciones implican una proyección metafórica y estudian la incidencia de la metáfora en la construcción sintáctica y el empleo de las voces. Por otra parte, las referencias genérica y de estado asociadas a los verbos de movimiento virtual se explican a partir de su carácter descriptivo y el tipo textual descriptivo en que tienden a aparecer

Crossroads in Liver Transplantation: Is Artificial Intelligence the Key to Donor–Recipient Matching?

Liver transplantation outcomes have improved in recent years. However, with the emergence of expanded donor criteria, tools to better assist donor–recipient matching have become necessary. Most of the currently proposed scores based on conventional biostatistics are not good classifiers of a problem that is considered “unbalanced.” In recent years, the implementation of artificial intelligence in medicine has experienced exponential growth. Deep learning, a branch of artificial intelligence, may be the answer to this classification problem. The ability to handle a large number of variables with speed, objectivity, and multi-objective analysis is one of its advantages. Artificial neural networks and random forests have been the most widely used deep classifiers in this field. This review aims to give a brief overview of D–R matching and its evolution in recent years and how artificial intelligence may be able to provide a solution

Configuración de fisuras en Y-FSZ

La microdureza Vickers de monocristales de 4.5 mol % de Y-PSZ ha sido estudiada hasta temperaturas de 1000QC. Se utilizaron dos clases de muestras: brutas de fabricación y sometidas a un tratamiento de recocido (envejecido) a 1600 "C durante 150 horas. Las partículas tetragonales se desarrollan en toda la muestra, alcanzan tamaños de hasta 1 micra durante el recocido y no se transforman en monoclínico durante el enfriamiento debido a que la temperatura de transformación (Ms) es inferior a la temperatura ambiente. Las indentaciones sobre planos (100) en muestras brutas de fabricación vienen acompañadas por fisuras para temperaturas menores de 600 "C. Por encima de esta temperatura la activación de dislocaciones se hace muy importante controlando el comportamiento mecánico del material. La fisuración es inexistente en muestras recocidas debido a la transformación tenaz

Uso de la espectroscopía Raman en la determinación de fases en Y-PSZ monocristalino

Se ha estudiado la estabilidad de la fase tetragonal en monocristales de Zr02 parcialmente estabilizados con 3,4; 4,7 y 6,3% mol de Y2O3 mediante espectroscopia Raman, tratados térmicamente a 1.600ºC hasta 1.000 horas. Estos resultados se han comparado con observaciones microestructurales realizadas mediante microscopía electrónica de transmisión, lo que ha permitido determinar el tiempo óptimo de envejecimiento y detectar el efecto debido al proceso de preparación de muestras.The phase stability of 3.4, 4.7, and 6.3% mol Y2O3 partially stabilized zirconia single crystals have been studied by Raman spectroscopy, with thermal treatment of length up to 1.000 hours. These results have been compared with the microstructural observations using transmission electron microscopy. This comparison has allowed us to determine the peakaged time for this alloy and the effect of sample preparation on the transformation

Estructura de dislocaciones en ZRO2 totalmente estabilizado deformado a alta temperatura

Se ha estudiado por microscopía electrónica de transmisión la microestructura de deformación a altas temperaturas (1.300-1.550°C) de monocristales de Zr02-Y203 totalmente estabilizados. La variación observada en la su-bestructura de dislocaciones corresponde a un cambio en el mecanismo que controla el estado estacionario de deformación plástica, gobernado por un proceso de subida a las temperaturas más altas.Dislocation structure in YjOj-stabilized Zr02 single crystals deformed at high temperature (1.300-1.550°C) has been studied by TEM. A change in the dislocation substructure has been observed, which can be correlated with the macroscopic creep law parameters. It suggests a change in the mechanism controlling the plastic behavior; dislocation climb is the primary mechanism of recovery at higher temperatures

Comparative efficacy of several disinfectants in suspension and carrier tests against Haemophilus parasuis serovars 1 and 5

6 p.The comparative efficacy of 16 active compounds (including the most commonly used chemical groups) 19 and 10 commercial formulations against Haemophilus parasuis serovars 1 and 5 was studied. These organ- 20 isms were tested in suspension and carrier tests in the presence and absence of serum as representative 21 of organic matter. Chloramine-T and half of the formulations from commercial sources (most of them 22 including quaternary ammonium compounds) were effective in both in vitro tests, regardless of the pres- 23 ence or absence of organic load. All 26 disinfectants except for an iodophor (0.1% available iodine) 24 resulted in at least 3-log10 reduction in colony-forming units in suspension test, and most of them 25 resulted in the maximal level of detection (>6-log10 reduction). On the other hand, disinfectants were 26 not as effective in carrier test as in suspension test, and the presence of serum considerably reduced 27 the activities of most of the compounds tested, especially in carrier test. These results suggest the impor- 28 tance of selecting suitable disinfection for routine use on surfaces contaminated with H. parasuis, partic- 29 ularly when organic matter is present. Chloramine-T and formulations 2 and 7–10 are recommended for a 30 complete inactivation of H. parasuis in swine herdsS

Predicción de amputación mediante MESS (Mangled Extremity Severity Score) en pacientes con lesión traumática vascular grave

En este estudio retrospectivo y ciego se analizan las historias clínicas de 60 pacientes (63 miembros inferiores), que ingresaron en nuestro hospital desde 1978 a 1992 a causa de una lesión traumática vascular grave; en este grupo no se incluyeron los pacientes con traumatismo vascular localizado por encima de la cadera o debajo del tobillo. El objetivo del estudio ha sido investigar si el MESS (Mangled extremity severity score) es un sistema útil para decidir entre la amputación precoz o el intento de reconstrucción en este tipo de pacientes. De 36 miembros que terminaron en amputación, 34 tuvieron un MESS de 7 o más, demostrando una sensibilidad del test del 94,4%. De 27 miembros que se salvaron, 22 tuvieron un MESS de 6 o menos, demostrando una especificidad del 81,4%. Así pues, el MESS es un test útil para predecir la necesidad o no de amputar un miembro con lesión vascular traumática grave, pero no es absolutamente fiable. Parece más fiable cuando se aplica a pacientes con traumatismo vascular grave que cuando se aplica a pacientes con traumatismo, tengan o no lesión vascular.60 patients (63 limbs) suffering from a severe vascular injury of the lower extremities between 1978-1992 have been retrospectively reviewed. Those cases wherein vascular injury was located above the hip level or under the ankle level were not included. The aim of this study was to investígate whether the Mangled Extremity Severity Score (MESS) is a useful test to decide between limb salvage or early amputation in this type of patients. Among 36 amputated limbs. 34 had a score equal or greater than 7, the rate of sensitivity of the test was 94,4%. Among 27 salvaged limbs, 22 had a score equal or lower than 6, showing a rate of specificity of 81,4%. The MESS seems to be a very useful test for prediction of limb salvage versus amputation with severe vascular injury, although it is not totally reliable. It seems better when applied to patients with vascular injury, rather than to those with mangled extremity, with or without vascular injury

Propuesta de mejoramiento del sistema de lagunas de estabilización, utilizado para la disposición del agua residual en el municipio de Zaragoza, departamento de La Libertad

Se presenta un análisis de la situación actual del sistema de alcantarillado sanitario y proceso de depuración de las aguas residuales domésticas en el casco urbano de la ciudad y municipio de Zaragoza, en el departamento de La Libertad. Del resultado del diagnóstico se plantea una propuesta de mejoramiento que consiste en la ampliación del sistema de alcantarillado y el tratamiento de las aguas residuales utilizado la combinación Reactor Anaeróbico de Flujo Ascendente (RAFA), Filtro Anaeróbico de Flujo Ascendente (FAFA) y laguna de maduració

In vitro efficacy of several disinfectants against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and Escherichia coli strains from poultry = Eficácia de vários desinfetantes in vitro contra cepas de Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis e Escherichia coli aviária

5 p.The efficacy of 28 individual or blended disinfectants against avian Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and Escherichia coli strains was determined. An in vitro test in the presence and absence of serum as source of organic material was conducted. Povidone-iodine (releasing 1% available iodine), 1% potassium permanganate, 70% ethanol, 2% chlorhexidine digluconate and three commercial formulations based on quaternary ammonium compounds + formaldehyde or cresol derivates were the most effective against all strains tested and reduced bacterial counts by more than 106 times (6-log10) regardless of the presence of organic matter. These commercial compounds as well as ethanol and chlorhexidine among the individual substances tested might be helpful in the adoption of environmental control measures against these two enterobacteria in poultry industryS