Formulation des fonctions de transfert de débit de la rivière Péribonka entre les centrales Chute-des-Passes et Chute-du-Diable

Choix du logiciel -- Description détaillée du logiciel choisi -- Localisation de la rivière Péribonka -- Modélisation de la rivière Péribonka -- Modélisation des tributaires de la rivière Péribonka -- Modélisation des aménagements hydroélectriques -- Modélisation de la rugosité du lit de la rivière péribonka -- Données hydrologiques -- Description du bassin versant de la Chute-du-Diable -- Description des apports intermédiaires -- Calcul des apports intermédiaires -- Étalonnage des réservoirs de la CCD et de la CP du modèle -- Étalonnage des coefficients de Manning du modèle -- Limites du modèle -- Généralités des FTD -- Fonction de transfert de débit -- Utilisation simplifiée des FTD -- Validation des FTD

Clay in natural and engineered barriers for radioactive waste confinement

International audienc

When new needs for satellite payloads meet with new filters architecture and technologies

International audienceTo cope with the economical and technical demands of the market and to compete with terrestrial networks, satellite operators and manufacturers will need to upgrade their satellites and services. Nowadays, most of commercial satellite payloads are designed for a predetermined service and lack flexibility. Future communication satellites have to become more flexible and shall provide capacity at the lowest cost. The upcoming new needs lead to a major impact on the architecture at satellite payload level. RF and microwave filters are one of the most affected by the derived equipment specifications. The required out-of-band rejection close to the useful bandwidth will become more stringent (better than 40 dBc) while saving size and mass by more than 30% compared to the heavy mechanical cavities used today. Advanced technologies, like ceramic 3D stereolithography or surface integrated waveguide technology presented in this paper are very promising solutions to overcome these requirements. Moreover, tunable filters could be a relevant option to simplify payload architectures by giving more flexibility on the frequency plan and/or bandwidth. Today, agile filters are not available in space equipments but some new technologies presented in this paper, such as MEMS technologies or ceramic based flexible filters, have now the capability to comply with space environment constraints. Finally, new synthesis method techniques could help saving mass (by 30% or more) of future OMUX equipments

Impact of Expert Pathologic Review of Lymphoma Diagnosis: Study of Patients From the French Lymphopath Network

International audiencePurposeTo prospectively assess the clinical impact of expert review of lymphoma diagnosis in France.Materials and MethodsFrom January 2010 to December 2013, 42,145 samples from patients with newly diagnosed or suspected lymphomas were reviewed, according to the 2008 WHO classification, in real time by experts through the Lymphopath Network. Changes in diagnosis between referral and expert review were classified as major or minor according to their potential impact on patient care.ResultsThe 42,145 reviewed samples comprised 36,920 newly diagnosed mature lymphomas, 321 precursor lymphoid neoplasms, 314 myeloid disorders, and 200 nonhematopoietic neoplasms, with 4,390 benign lesions. There were 4,352 cutaneous and 32,568 noncutaneous lymphomas. The most common mature noncutaneous lymphomas were diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (32.4%), follicular lymphomas (15.3%), classic Hodgkin lymphomas (13%), peripheral T-cell lymphomas (6.3%) of which angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomas (2.3%) were the most frequent, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas (5.8%). A diagnostic change between referral and expert review occurred in 19.7% of patients, with an estimated impact on patient care for 17.4% of patients. This rate was significantly higher for patients sent with a provisional diagnosis seeking expert second opinion (37.8%) than for patients sent with a formal diagnosis (3.7%). The most frequent discrepancies were misclassifications in lymphoma subtype (41.3%), with 12.3% being misclassifications among small B-cell lymphoma entities. Fewer than 2% of changes were between benign and malignant lymphoid conditions. Minor changes (2.3%) mostly consisted of follicular lymphoma misgrading and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma subtype misclassification.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this study provides the largest ever description of the distribution of lymphoma entities in a western country and highlights how expert review significantly contributes to a precise lymphoma diagnosis and optimal clinical management in a proportion of patients

Le monde rural dans l'Occident musulman médiéval

 L’Islam médiéval est un monde en grande partie rural qui n’a cependant été qu’assez peu étudié sous cet angle. La carence générale des études sur les campagnes est due à l’absence presque totale des documents d’archives. Les textes (chroniques, récits de voyage, ouvrages de géographes, bribes de traités fiscaux, etc.) dont disposent les historiens soulèvent des problèmes dans la mesure où ils émanent des milieux liés au pouvoir et présentent, lorsqu’ils l’évoquent, le monde rural dans une perspective avant tout urbaine.   Depuis une vingtaine d’années pourtant, des travaux fondés sur l’exploitation d’une documentation écrite et matérielle renouvelée, comme les écrits juridiques ou les fouilles de sites ruraux, abordent des voies inexplorées et offrent un nouveau visage de l’histoire rurale des pays d’Islam. De nombreuses disciplines sont mises à contribution - histoire, anthropologie, droit, géographie, archéologie - ce qui permet également un renouvellement méthodologique. Trois thèmes se dégagent des orientations récentes de recherches : les fondements de l’économie rurale, les structures de la société des campagnes et les rapports entre villes et espaces ruraux. Ce numéro, qui a choisi de privilégier l’Occident musulman, n’a pas l’ambition d’offrir un panorama complet de ces orientations mais il montre à quel point les possibilités de recherche ont progressé et permettent d’aboutir à une synthèse au moins partielle sur les structures de ce monde « hors les villes » et sur les nouveaux champs d’investigations qui s’offrent à l’historien comme à l’archéologue