A Definition Optimization Technique Used In A Code Translation Algorithm

Data flow analysis is used to optimize variable definitions in a program that translates microprocessor object code to a higher order language. © 1989, ACM. All rights reserved

Temporal bounds verification of the STIMAP protocol

International audienceThis article deals with the temporal validation of STIMAP, a medium access protocol. This protocol has been designed to meet the specific requirements of an implantable network-based neuroprosthese. This article presents the modeling of STIMAP with Time Petri Nets (TPN), and the verification of the deterministic medium access it provides, using timed model checking. The specific case of the synchronization reference time mechanism is detailed, explaining the problem it poses for the verification process and the solution we use to provide the whole protocol validation. This interesting and complex case study shows that existing formal methods and tools are not perfectly suitable for the validation of real systems, especially when some dynamic duration or hard- ware parameters have to be considered

DISTRIBUTED BROKERAGE OFFICES THROUGH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

This paper describes some novel ways in which Edward D. Jones and Co., a successful brokerage firm with 1650 offices nationwide, uses information technology to pursue a unique market niche: single-broker offices in communities too small to support a traditional, typically much larger, brokerage branch office. The paper focuses on the use of mainframes with "dumb" CRT terminals, rather than workstations or personal computers, to coordinate distributed operational work on a day-to-day basis.Information Systems Working Papers Serie

Estimating the extended and hidden species diversity from environmental DNA in hyper-diverse regions

Species inventories are the building blocks of our assessment of biodiversity patterns and human impact. Yet, historical inventories based on visual observations are often incomplete, impairing subsequent analyses of ecological mechanisms, extinction risk and management success. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is an emerging tool that can provide wider biodiversity assessments than classical visual-based surveys. However, eDNA-based inventories remain limited by sampling effort and reference database incompleteness. In this study, we propose a new framework coupling eDNA surveys and sampling-theory methods to estimate species richness in under-sampled and hyper-diverse regions where some species remain absent from the checklist or undetected by visual surveys. We applied this framework to the coastal fish diversity in the heart of the coral triangle, the richest marine biodiversity hotspot worldwide. Combining data from 279 underwater visual censuses, 92 eDNA samples and an extensive custom genetic reference database, we show that eDNA metabarcoding recorded 196 putative species not detected by underwater visual census including 37 species absent from the regional checklist. We provide an updated checklist of marine fishes in the ‘Raja Ampat Bird's Head Peninsula' ecoregion with 2534 species including 1761 confirmed and 773 highly probable presences. The Chao lower-bound diversity estimator, based on the incidence of rare species, shows that the region potentially hosts an additional 123 fish species, including pelagic, cryptobenthic and vulnerable species. The extended and hidden biodiversity along with their asymptotic estimates highlight the ability of eDNA to expand regional inventories and species distributions to better guide conservation strategies

A scoping review found increasing examples of rapid qualitative evidence syntheses and no methodological guidance

Objectives: To identify existing methodological guidance for the conduct of rapid qualitative evidence syntheses, and examples of rapid qualitative evidence syntheses to describe the methods used. Study Design and Setting: We conducted a systematic scoping review. We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, grey literature, including PROSPERO, with no date limits and solicited examples through experts and researchers in the field. Results: We found no methodological guidance to direct the conduct of rapid qualitative evidence synthesis, and 15 examples including 13 completed reviews and two protocols. Diverse methods to abbreviate the review process were followed, which largely mirror methods developed for rapid reviews of clinical effects. Abbreviated search strategies, including date and language restrictions, were common, as was the use of a single reviewer for screening, data extraction and quality appraisal. Descriptive approaches to synthesis, such as thematic synthesis, were more common than interpretive approaches, such as meta-ethnography. Conclusion: There is a need to develop and explore methods for the synthesis of qualitative research that balance the need for rapidity with rigour. In the meantime, providing details on the methods used, shortcuts made, and the implications of such methodological choices, together with collective sharing of innovations, becomes more important under increased time constraints

Integración del procesamiento imágenes e Internet de las cosas en la estimación temprana del rendimiento de cultivos frutales

La actividad frutícola necesita un conjunto de actividades para lograr altos niveles de eficiencia y productividad. Una de esas actividades claves consiste en estimar lo más exactamente posible la producción total, ya que la misma condiciona los aspectos logísticos que deben ser atendidos en el breve lapso en el que transcurre la recolección de frutos. La producción depende esencialmente de dos factores, la cantidad de frutos por unidad de superficie y el tamaño de los frutos. Predecir el tamaño de los frutos requiere realizar un seguimiento continuo de los aspectos climáticos, tanto los de la región, cómo el microclima de la plantación. Por su parte se aspira a estimar la cantidad de frutos en base al procesamiento de imágenes de estados tempranos del cultivo, tales como botones florales, flores o frutos inmaduros. El caso de estudio es público-privado interinstitucional e interdisciplinario y se aboca a predecir la producción de kiwi en una plantación de Miramar, cuyo productor pertenece a la Cámara de Productores de Kiwi y tiene relación desde hace años con INTA Balcarce.Eje: Computación gráfica, imágenes y visualización.Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informátic

Detección de yemas brotadas para la estimación temprana del rendimiento de una plantación de kiwi

Se presentan aquí resultados de detección de órganos vegetales en imágenes usando redes convolucionales, correspondientes a la primera etapa de un proyecto que propone desarrollar procedimientos para estimar en forma temprana el rendimiento de un lote de producción de kiwi. Para lograr la predicción del rendimiento, se consideran tres estadíos fenológicos del crecimiento del kiwi y para validar, se dispondrá de resultados finales de cosecha. Para cada etapa se consideran 1000 imágenes, capturadas en toda el área cubierta por el cultivo, que permiten entrenar y elegir un modelo para conteo automático de objetos. Además, el modelo se evalúa en 50 sitios elegidos al azar en la plantación, donde se compara el conteo manual con el conteo automático obtenido sobre imágenes de cada sitio. Los resultados en esta primera etapa, realizada sobre yemas brotadas en 47 sitios de la plantación, son promisorios en cuanto a la utilización de modelos de deep learning para detección de objetos y muestran la necesidad de profundizar en el ajuste de modelos y estrategias de conteo. Esto permite inferir que puede utilizarse el conteo automático como input en el modelo predictivo final. La metodología propuesta permitirá la predicción del rendimiento total de la plantación.Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informátic

\u27Struggling with Language\u27 : Indigenous movements for Linguistic Security and the Politics of Local Community

In this article, I explore the relationship between linguistic diversity and political power. Specifically, I outline some of the ways that linguistic diversity has served as a barrier to the centralization of power, thus constraining, for example, the political practice of empire-formation. A brief historical example of this dynamic is presented in the case of Spanish colonialism of the 16th-century. The article proceeds then to demonstrate how linguistic diversity remains tied to struggles against forms of domination. I argue that in contemporary indigenous movements for linguistic security, the languages themselves are not merely conceived of as the object of the political struggle, but also as the means to preserve a space for local action and deliberation – a ‘politics of local community’. I show that linguistic diversity and the devolution of political power to the local level are in a mutually reinforcing relationship. Finally, I consider the implications of this thesis for liberal theorizing on language rights, arguing that such theory cannot fully come to terms with this political-strategic dimension of language struggles