180 research outputs found
Saint-Jean-dâArvey â Le Trou de la FĂ©claz
Lâexpression schĂ©matique pariĂ©tale dite post-glaciaire attribuĂ©e au NĂ©olithique est prĂ©sente de la pĂ©ninsule ibĂ©rique au PieÌmont italien. Le site du Trou de la FĂ©claz aÌ Saint-Jean-dâArvey (Savoie) est lâun des 136 sites aÌ peintures schĂ©matiques documentĂ©s en France mĂ©ridionale et dans les Alpes occidentales, et parmi les plus septentrionaux. DĂ©couvert en 1970 (Ayroles, Porte 1972 et 1984), nous y dĂ©veloppons depuis 2017 une approche intĂ©grĂ©e de lâacte graphique conjuguant analyse iconograp..
PERCEPTION ET REPRESENTATION DU MOUVEMENT : INFLUENCES DE LA VERBALISATION SUR LA RECONNAISSANCE DE MOUVEMENTS DâESCRIME EN FONCTION DE LâEXPERTISE
Abstract- Is it necessary to verbalize in order to memorize and learn a material? According to the literature examining the influence of verbalizations on learning and memory, the answer to this question depends on the type of material used (conceptual material versus perceptive material) and on the learnersâ level of expertise. In Study 1, we examined the influence of verbal descriptions on the visual recognition of sequences of fencing movements, with participants of the three levels of expertise (novices, intermediates, experts). In Study 2, we studied the influence of different content of verbal descriptions on the recognition of sequences of fencing movements, according to the level of expertise. The goal of Study 3 was to examine the effect on memory of a trace distinct from a verbal trace: a motor trace. The findings of Study 1 show that verbalizing improves novicesâ recognition, impairs intermediatesâ recognition and has no effect on expertsâ recognition. The results of Study 2 show that the content of verbal descriptions has an effect on memory, according to the participantsâ level of expertise. The findings of Study 3 show that duplicating the fencing movement, with no feedback, strongly impedes beginnersâ visual recognition. These findings broaden the verbal overshadowing phenomena to a material distinctly more conceptual than the one classically used in this field of research. They bring strong support to the theoretical hypothesis of interference resulting from a verbal recoding (Schooler, 1990). They also show that an additional motor trace can harm visual recognition of movement sequences.Faut-il verbaliser pour mĂ©moriser et apprendre ? DâaprĂšs la littĂ©rature examinant lâinfluence des verbalisations sur lâapprentissage et la mĂ©moire, la rĂ©ponse Ă cette question dĂ©pend du type de matĂ©riel utilisĂ© (matĂ©riel conceptuel versus matĂ©riel perceptif) et du niveau dâexpertise des apprenants. Dans lâĂtude 1, nous avons examinĂ© lâincidence de descriptions verbales sur la reconnaissance visuelle de sĂ©quences de mouvements dâescrime, avec des participants de trois niveaux dâexpertise (novices, intermĂ©diaires et experts). Dans lâĂtude 2, nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© lâinfluence de diffĂ©rents contenus de descriptions verbales sur la reconnaissance de sĂ©quences de mouvements dâescrime, en fonction de lâexpertise. Lâobjectif de lâĂtude 3 Ă©tait dâexaminer lâeffet sur la mĂ©moire dâune trace autre que verbale : une trace motrice. Les rĂ©sultats de lâĂtude 1 montrent que verbaliser amĂ©liore la reconnaissance des novices, altĂšre celle des intermĂ©diaires et nâa aucun effet sur la reconnaissance des experts. Les rĂ©sultats de lâĂtude 2 montrent que le contenu des descriptions verbales a une incidence sur la mĂ©moire, en fonction du niveau dâexpertise des participants. Les rĂ©sultats de lâĂ©tude 3 montrent que reproduire le mouvement dâescrime, sans feedback, nuit Ă la reconnaissance visuelle des participants novices. Ces rĂ©sultats Ă©largissent le phĂ©nomĂšne dâombrage verbal Ă un matĂ©riel nettement plus conceptuel que celui qui est classiquement utilisĂ© dans ce domaine de recherche. Ils apportent un Ă©tayage solide Ă la proposition thĂ©orique de lâinterfĂ©rence rĂ©sultant dâun recodage verbal (Schooler, 1990). Ils montrent Ă©galement quâune trace motrice additionnelle peut nuire Ă la reconnaissance visuelle de sĂ©quences de mouvements
Thermomechanical Model and Bursting Tests to Evaluate the Risk of Swelling and Bursting of Modified 9Cr-1Mo Steel Steam Generator Tubes during a Sodium-Water Reaction Accident
The MECTUB code was developed to evaluate the risk of swelling and bursting of Steam Generator (SG) tubes. This code deals with the physic of intermediate steam-water leaks into sodium which induce a Sodium-Water Reaction (SWR). It is based on a one-dimensional calculation to describe the thermomechanical behavior of tubes under a high internal pressure and a fast external overheating. The mechanical model of MECTUB is strongly correlated with the kind of the material of the SG tubes. It has been developed and validated by using experiments performed on the alloy 800. A change to tubes made of Modified 9Cr-1Mo steel requires more knowledge of Modified 9Cr-1Mo steel behavior which influences the bursting time at high temperatures (up to 1200°C). Studies have been initiated to adapt the mechanical model and to qualify it for this material. The first part of this paper focuses on the mechanical law modelling (elasticity, plasticity, and creep) for Modified 9Cr-1Mo steel and on overheating thermal data. In a second part, the results of bursting tests performed on Modified 9Cr-1Mo tubes in the SQUAT facility of CEA are used to validate the mechanical model of MECTUB for the Modified 9Cr-1Mo material
Biobanks in Europe: Prospects for Harmonisation and Networking
Biobanks (i.e. the organised collections consisting of biological samples and associated data, have gained great significance for research and personalised medicine) are increasingly recognised as a crucial infrastructure for research. However, at the same time the widely varied practices in biobanking regarding for example collection, storage and consent procedures may also pose a barrier to cross-border research and collaboration by limiting access to samples and data. In this context, a recent study indicates that the limited sharing and linkage of samples is a key barrier for research, such as pharmacogenetics. Wide variation is observed in the implementation of relevant existing regulation, which may add further burden to harnessing the public health benefit of these collections. Therefore, it has been suggested that there is a strong need for a harmonised approach on biobanking practices and improved networking of existing and new collections.
This Report shows information on the extent of biobanking in Europe, collected through a survey of existing European biobanks regarding both technical aspects (e.g. storage conditions) and aspects of governance and ethics (e.g. sample and data sharing, consent procedures, collaborations etc.). In total, 126 biobanks from 23 countries in Europe were surveyed.
Significant lack of harmonisation has been found, especially in the legal aspects (e.g. data protection, consent). This may be partly attributed to the varied interpretation and implementation of EC directives covering aspects of biobanking by national authorities. One of the main complications is that, although the field of data protection is harmonised through the EC directive on data protection, the collection, storage, and sharing of samples is not. Furthermore, in countries that have introduced special biobanks acts it is not always clear where the borderline lies between the scope of these acts and that of the Directive. Indeed, according to the survey, biobanks within the same country reported different practices, suggesting that the problems of harmonization might be higher than expected and claimed. Not only are there different national laws, but apparently within EU member states biobanks do not implement homogenous practices on privacy and data protection issues.
Desk research and expert interviews were done to complete the picture presented by the survey. Experts widely recognised the need to improve collaboration and networking among the numerous existing biobanks, as well as new initiatives in Europe (and world-wide). Efficient organisation of these resources through the development, for example, of an infrastructure would potentially facilitate financial sustainability and greatly contribute to the rapid progress of research and development of better diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. The most favoured model involved the development of a virtual biobank that would allow networking of biobanks across different countries and centralisation of data rather than samples. However, several organisational challenges (wide variation in biospecimen collection, storage techniques, data comparability, etc.) may hamper such an effort. The lack of uniform regulatory and ethical requirements and/or practices may pose an additional barrier.
The European Commission has already recognised the importance of international biobank projects and many of them have been funded and established in the context of the EU Framework Programmes. To help promote networking of biobanks and thus maximise public health benefits, at least some degree of harmonisation must be achieved. Whether this should be achieved solely at the level of legal/regulatory requirements and practices and/or by technical standardisation requires further investigation. Experts suggested the establishment of an international (rathen than just a European) umbrella (or network) organization, which would establish common operating procedures.JRC.DDG.J.2-The economics of climate change, energy and transpor
Structural Analysis and the Anthropology of Nature. A New Approach to Chalcolithic Alpine Stelae.
Lecture in the Material Culture Research Strand at the School of History, Classics and Archaeology, Newcastle University (UK)
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