A Cadaveric Report on a Giant Ureteric Stone Led Right Hydro Ureter and Severe Hydronephrosis

BACKGROUND: The ureter shows natural constrictions in its course, and these are the potential site for the impaction of the renal calculus. Giant ureteral stones are associated with insidious growth and late presentation, often leading to renal failure.CASE PRESENTATION: In the present case, we observed a huge ureteric stone obstructing the right ureterovesical junction in a 58 year-old male cadaver. We also found hydroureter distal to the impaction of the calculus, renal damage and severe hydronephrosis on the right side. Histopathological analysis showed conditions of arterio-nephro-sclerosis and eroded ureter secondary to the calculus. Ureteric stones obstruction may result in hydroureter, hydronephrosis and progressive renal damage leading to irreversible renal function. The present case provides valuable information regarding the gross and histopathological alterations in ureteric calculi.CONCLUSION: It further enables clinicians to be armed with the knowledge of preventive approaches to educate patients with previous calculi, or those who may develop in the future.

Ethyl 4-(4-chloro­phen­yl)-6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetra­hydro­pyrimidine-5-carboxyl­ate

In the title compound, C14H15ClN2O2S, the tetra­hydro­pyrimidine ring adopts a twisted boat conformation with the carbonyl group in an s-trans conformation with respect to the C=C double bond of the six-membered tetra­hydro­pyrimidine ring. The mol­ecular conformation is determined by an intra­molecular C—H⋯π inter­action. The crystal structure is further stabilized by inter­molecular N—H⋯O mol­ecular chains and centrosymmetric N—H⋯S dimers

Ethyl 4-(4-hydroxy­phen­yl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetra­hydro­pyrimidine-5-carboxyl­ate monohydrate

In the title compound, C14H16N2O4·H2O, the dihedral angles between the planes of the 4-hydroxy­phenyl and ester groups with the plane of the six-membered tetra­hydro­pyrimidine ring are 87.3 (1) and 75.9 (1)°, respectively. The crystal structure is stabilized by O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding between the water mol­ecule and the organic functionalities

2-(4-Chloro-3-nitro­phen­yl)-4-(4-chloro­phen­yl)-1,3-thia­zole

The title compound, C15H8Cl2N2O2S, crystallizes with two mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit. The dihedral angles between the 4-chloro-3-nitro­phenyl ring and the thia­zole ring are 0.5 (1) and 7.1 (1)° and those between the 4-chloro­phenyl ring and the thia­zole ring are 7.1 (1) and 7.4 (1)° in the two mol­ecules. The crystal structure is stabilized by inter­molecular C—H⋯Cl and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Searching for Galactic White Dwarf Binaries in Mock LISA Data using an F-Statistic Template Bank

We describe an F-statistic search for continuous gravitational waves from galactic white-dwarf binaries in simulated LISA Data. Our search method employs a hierarchical template-grid based exploration of the parameter space. In the first stage, candidate sources are identified in searches using different simulated laser signal combinations (known as TDI variables). Since each source generates a primary maximum near its true "Doppler parameters" (intrinsic frequency and sky position) as well as numerous secondary maxima of the F-statistic in Doppler parameter space, a search for multiple sources needs to distinguish between true signals and secondary maxima associated with other, "louder" signals. Our method does this by applying a coincidence test to reject candidates which are not found at nearby parameter space positions in searches using each of the three TDI variables. For signals surviving the coincidence test, we perform a fully coherent search over a refined parameter grid to provide an accurate parameter estimation for the final candidates. Suitably tuned, the pipeline is able to extract 1989 true signals with only 5 false alarms. The use of the rigid adiabatic approximation allows recovery of signal parameters with errors comparable to statistical expectations, although there is still some systematic excess with respect to statistical errors expected from Gaussian noise. An experimental iterative pipeline with seven rounds of signal subtraction and re-analysis of the residuals allows us to increase the number of signals recovered to a total of 3419 with 29 false alarms.Comment: 29 pages, 11 figures; submitted to Classical and Quantum Gravit

INVESTIGATIONS ON AN IMPROVED SOFT SWITCHED CLLL DC/DC CONVERTER

ABSTRACT A full-bridge CLLL DC/DC converter that uses an auxiliary circuit is proposed in this paper. The soft switching of lagging leg and auxiliary switches is achieved by the proposed circuit for providing reduced switching losses and high efficiency. The theoretical detail operation of the converter is presented. The proposed converter is verified using MATLAB simulation. Closed loop and open loop circuit models are presented for input step change and output load regulation. A prototype of the proposed DC/DC converter is implemented in MATLAB with switching frequency of 20 KHz and output power of 15 W. The performance of the converter is compared with a conventional full-bridge DC/DC converter. Keywords: CLLL,DC-DC converter, zero voltage switching (ZVS), soft switching techniques, PIC, zero current switching (ZCS). INTRODUCTION The PWM phase-shift full bridge DC/DC converter is widely used in medium to high power applications The secondary side voltage ringing can be suppressed by adding an active snubber described i

How Farmers Benefit from Integration of EO, Meteorological, Positioning and Field Data in an Analytics Engine – The AGRI-GIS Example of S Odisha, India

Today, space-based EO data, meteorological observations and positioning information, integrated with ground data and maps, plays an important role in bringing logical decision-making, intelligence and wisdom in society - even at grass-root level. World over, society is generating, referencing, archiving and using vast amount of time-stamped geographically referenced data sets – enabling the development of integrated solutions that benefits individual citizens, societies, nations and humanity, in general. Because of this large amounts of spatial data availability the science of Spatial Analytics is becoming highly prevalent and relevant.   The Centre for Spatial Analytics and Advanced GIS (C-SAG; www.csag.res.in) is developing an Agri-GIS - a suite of Spatial Analytics solutions based on EO images, meteorological data, Positioning data, various maps and different field data sets. The focus of the Agri-GIS is to address Smallholder Farmers – farm level aggregation and dis-aggregation of crop and socio-economic parameters; assess crop suitability of beneficiary land; assess crop-water model; help farmers on nutrition management; provide information on available production technologies, financing options, insurance options, access to inputs and market access etc. The strength of the C-SAG Agri-GIS model stems on a “single, common, standardized, integrated robust and reliable” multi-layered (about 304 parameters), spatially referenced and geo-tagged database – modelling for individual farmer's social, economic and natural resources queries. Out of the 304 parameters, space based inputs provide the critical 25% - mainly from near real-time EO images of various resolutions/receptivity and meteorological data. Another 20-30% of field observations are based on space-based Positioning - the rest are geo-tagged tables and records. Agri-GIS is developed in 613 villages of S Odisha in India and covers almost 80,000 farmers.   This Agri-GIS is an end-to-end solution that combines ground-, space-based EO/meteorological/positioning data into a GIS model to address specific farmer requirements at bettering his crop production and yield and also his economic condition by increased income. The paper will address how assessment of farmer’s needs of information in the various farming communities in Odisha state was taken up, the chain of Spatial Analytics and the final deliverables of 5 Farmer Advisories in each crop season. The paper will also highlight the partnerships of C-SAG, Tata Trusts and the farming communities and how a good working relationships between various stakeholders have been developed for the projec

Comparative effectiveness and safety of non-vitamin K antagonists for atrial fibrillation in clinical practice: GLORIA-AF Registry

Background and purpose: Prospectively collected data comparing the safety and effectiveness of individual non-vitamin K antagonists (NOACs) are lacking. Our objective was to directly compare the effectiveness and safety of NOACs in patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods: In GLORIA-AF, a large, prospective, global registry program, consecutive patients with newly diagnosed AF were followed for 3 years. The comparative analyses for (1) dabigatran vs rivaroxaban or apixaban and (2) rivaroxaban vs apixaban were performed on propensity score (PS)-matched patient sets. Proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for outcomes of interest. Results: The GLORIA-AF Phase III registry enrolled 21,300 patients between January 2014 and December 2016. Of these, 3839 were prescribed dabigatran, 4015 rivaroxaban and 4505 apixaban, with median ages of 71.0, 71.0, and 73.0 years, respectively. In the PS-matched set, the adjusted HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dabigatran vs rivaroxaban were, for stroke: 1.27 (0.79–2.03), major bleeding 0.59 (0.40–0.88), myocardial infarction 0.68 (0.40–1.16), and all-cause death 0.86 (0.67–1.10). For the comparison of dabigatran vs apixaban, in the PS-matched set, the adjusted HRs were, for stroke 1.16 (0.76–1.78), myocardial infarction 0.84 (0.48–1.46), major bleeding 0.98 (0.63–1.52) and all-cause death 1.01 (0.79–1.29). For the comparison of rivaroxaban vs apixaban, in the PS-matched set, the adjusted HRs were, for stroke 0.78 (0.52–1.19), myocardial infarction 0.96 (0.63–1.45), major bleeding 1.54 (1.14–2.08), and all-cause death 0.97 (0.80–1.19). Conclusions: Patients treated with dabigatran had a 41% lower risk of major bleeding compared with rivaroxaban, but similar risks of stroke, MI, and death. Relative to apixaban, patients treated with dabigatran had similar risks of stroke, major bleeding, MI, and death. Rivaroxaban relative to apixaban had increased risk for major bleeding, but similar risks for stroke, MI, and death. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifiers: NCT01468701, NCT01671007. Date of registration: September 2013

Anticoagulant selection in relation to the SAMe-TT2R2 score in patients with atrial fibrillation. the GLORIA-AF registry

Aim: The SAMe-TT2R2 score helps identify patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) likely to have poor anticoagulation control during anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists (VKA) and those with scores >2 might be better managed with a target-specific oral anticoagulant (NOAC). We hypothesized that in clinical practice, VKAs may be prescribed less frequently to patients with AF and SAMe-TT2R2 scores >2 than to patients with lower scores. Methods and results: We analyzed the Phase III dataset of the Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (GLORIA-AF), a large, global, prospective global registry of patients with newly diagnosed AF and ≥1 stroke risk factor. We compared baseline clinical characteristics and antithrombotic prescriptions to determine the probability of the VKA prescription among anticoagulated patients with the baseline SAMe-TT2R2 score >2 and ≤ 2. Among 17,465 anticoagulated patients with AF, 4,828 (27.6%) patients were prescribed VKA and 12,637 (72.4%) patients an NOAC: 11,884 (68.0%) patients had SAMe-TT2R2 scores 0-2 and 5,581 (32.0%) patients had scores >2. The proportion of patients prescribed VKA was 28.0% among patients with SAMe-TT2R2 scores >2 and 27.5% in those with scores ≤2. Conclusions: The lack of a clear association between the SAMe-TT2R2 score and anticoagulant selection may be attributed to the relative efficacy and safety profiles between NOACs and VKAs as well as to the absence of trial evidence that an SAMe-TT2R2-guided strategy for the selection of the type of anticoagulation in NVAF patients has an impact on clinical outcomes of efficacy and safety. The latter hypothesis is currently being tested in a randomized controlled trial. Clinical trial registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov//Unique identifier: NCT01937377, NCT01468701, and NCT01671007