8 research outputs found
Modulation of unsaturated fatty acids content in algae Spirulina platensis and Chlorella minutissima in response to herbicide SAN 9785
The accumulation of polyunsaturated fatty acids by algae Spirulina
platensis and Chlorella minutissima was studied. Response of these
organisms to the substituted pyridazinone, SAN 9785, an inhibitor of
the long chain fatty acid desaturase, indicated that fatty acid
synthesis and their desaturation were regulated differently in these
organisms. While the pool of palmitic acid, the precursor for the
unsaturated C18 fatty acids, was stringently maintained in the green
alga C. minutissima, in the cyanobacterium S. platensis the level of
palmitic acid was liberally maintained in spite of the enhanced
accumulation of unsaturated C18 fatty acids
Occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in organised layer farms and associated environmental samples of Central Kerala
Campylobacteriosis caused by Campylobacter spp. is the prime cause of bacterial
gastroenteritis worldwide. Chicken and other poultry birds act as the major reservoir for
Campylobacter and thereby play a crucial role in the transmission of this zoonotic disease to
humans. The current investigation was undertaken to study the occurrence of Campylobacter
in organised layer farms and their associated environmental samples. A total of 260 samples
comprising of cloacal swabs, feed, litter, soil, water and handwash of personnel were collected from
two organised layer farms of Thrissur and Ernakulam districts. Isolation and identification of the
organism by conventional culture technique followed by molecular confirmation of Campylobacter
isolates using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) revealed an overall occurrence of 17.31
per cent in layer farms. Majority of the isolates obtained in the study were C. jejuni (75.6 per cent)
followed by C. coli (24.4 per cent). In the current scenario, where the consumer demand for chicken
meat and eggs is continuously increasing, the occurrence of Campylobacter in layer farms needs
to be addressed seriously. Appropriate interventions and control measures at farm level and also
across the poultry production chain is necessary to minimise the impact of the disease on human
health and economy
Seasonal analysis of leptospirosis in apparently healthy dairy cattle of Pananchery panchayat in Thrissur district, Kerala
Leptospirosis is an economically important zoonotic bacterial disease of cattle with global
distribution. The present study investigated the seroprevalence and distribution of leptospiral
serovars in cattle population in Pananchery panchayat of Thrissur district, Kerala. From 52
apparently healthy dairy cattle, serum samples were collected in both pre-monsoon and postmonsoon
seasons. All samples were subjected to microscopic agglutination test (MAT) against 13
serovars of Leptospira spp. Among the samples tested, 13 (25 per cent) samples in pre-monsoon
and 19 (36.54 per cent) samples in post-monsoon were found to be positive. The predominant
serovars detected in pre-monsoon were Hardjo (29.41 per cent) followed by Grippotyphosa
(17.64 per cent), Bataviae and Pomona (11.76 per cent each). Similarly in post-monsoon, Hardjo
(28.57 per cent) followed by Grippotyphosa (23.81 per cent), and Bataviae (19.05 per cent) were
identified as the most common serovars. Higher seroprevalence of disease in apparently healthy
cattle in post-monsoon compared to pre-monsoon indicate the influence of rainfall on occurrence
of leptospirosis
Modulation of unsaturated fatty acids content in algae Spirulina platensis and Chlorella minutissima in response to herbicide SAN 9785
Occurrence of oxytetracycline residues in milk samples from Palakkad, Kerala, India
Background and Aim: Food of animal origin such as milk is vital for nutritional security and should be free of any antibiotic residues due to its public health significance. We designed a study aiming to determine the occurrence of antibiotic residues and in further levels of oxytetracycline residues in pooled raw milk samples from Palakkad district, Kerala.
Materials and Methods: We collected pooled raw milk samples were collected from Alathur, Chittoor, and Palakkad blocks of Palakkad district, Kerala. A total of 215 samples were screened for antibiotic residues by microbial inhibition assay (MIA) and the positive samples were subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine oxytetracycline residues, this was further confirmed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Results: We found that out of the 215 pooled raw milk samples screened for antibiotic residues using MIA, 22 samples (10.23%) were positive for antibiotic residues from Palakkad, Kerala. Out of these 22 samples, five (2.33%) were positive for oxytetracycline residues. We further calculated the mean concentration of oxytetracycline residues in these five samples and estimated it to be 201.00±41.25 ng/mL and 272.11±53.21 ng/mL using ELISA and HPLC, respectively. On analyzing these five samples, we found that four samples (1.86%) exceeded the maximum residue limits level of 100 ng/mL for oxytetracycline residues in milk as specified by Codex Alimentarius Commission/Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI).
Conclusion: This study revealed that the occurrence of oxytetracycline residues in pooled raw milk samples in the Palakkad district of Kerala. Hence, there is a need for surveillance and monitoring of antibiotic residues in milk due to its impact on public health to ensure consumer safety