Polepszenie warunków życia w miastach Polski i Europy Środkowej i w ich postsocjalistycznych dzielnicach według koncepcji ReNewTown

The paper presents a summation of analyses made during the realisation of the project ReNewTown, tens of models and so called good practices, realised and conducted in the space of post-socialist cities in Poland and Central Europe after 1989. The 12 most interesting solutions were selected which can became a model for better management of cities in the future. These models and good practices aimed at improving of living conditions in post-socialist districts and cities have become an element of empirical verification of the concept of a post-socialist city.Artykuł stanowi podsumowanie analiz przeprowadzonych w ramach projektu ReNewTown, kilkudziesięciu modeli działania i tzw. dobrych praktyk zrealizowanych i prowadzonych w przestrzeni miast postsocjalistycznych Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej po 1989 r. W wyniku przeprowadzonych analiz dokonano wyboru 12 najciekawszych rozwiązań, które mogą pełnić funkcje modelowe do lepszego zarządzania miastami w przyszłości. Modele te i dobre praktyki, mające na celu poprawę warunków życia postsocjalistycznych dzielnic i miast, stały się również elementem empirycznej weryfikacji koncepcji miasta postsocjalistycznego

Identification of genetic variants associated with Huntington's disease progression: a genome-wide association study

Background Huntington's disease is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene, HTT. Age at onset has been used as a quantitative phenotype in genetic analysis looking for Huntington's disease modifiers, but is hard to define and not always available. Therefore, we aimed to generate a novel measure of disease progression and to identify genetic markers associated with this progression measure. Methods We generated a progression score on the basis of principal component analysis of prospectively acquired longitudinal changes in motor, cognitive, and imaging measures in the 218 indivduals in the TRACK-HD cohort of Huntington's disease gene mutation carriers (data collected 2008–11). We generated a parallel progression score using data from 1773 previously genotyped participants from the European Huntington's Disease Network REGISTRY study of Huntington's disease mutation carriers (data collected 2003–13). We did a genome-wide association analyses in terms of progression for 216 TRACK-HD participants and 1773 REGISTRY participants, then a meta-analysis of these results was undertaken. Findings Longitudinal motor, cognitive, and imaging scores were correlated with each other in TRACK-HD participants, justifying use of a single, cross-domain measure of disease progression in both studies. The TRACK-HD and REGISTRY progression measures were correlated with each other (r=0·674), and with age at onset (TRACK-HD, r=0·315; REGISTRY, r=0·234). The meta-analysis of progression in TRACK-HD and REGISTRY gave a genome-wide significant signal (p=1·12 × 10−10) on chromosome 5 spanning three genes: MSH3, DHFR, and MTRNR2L2. The genes in this locus were associated with progression in TRACK-HD (MSH3 p=2·94 × 10−8 DHFR p=8·37 × 10−7 MTRNR2L2 p=2·15 × 10−9) and to a lesser extent in REGISTRY (MSH3 p=9·36 × 10−4 DHFR p=8·45 × 10−4 MTRNR2L2 p=1·20 × 10−3). The lead single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in TRACK-HD (rs557874766) was genome-wide significant in the meta-analysis (p=1·58 × 10−8), and encodes an aminoacid change (Pro67Ala) in MSH3. In TRACK-HD, each copy of the minor allele at this SNP was associated with a 0·4 units per year (95% CI 0·16–0·66) reduction in the rate of change of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) Total Motor Score, and a reduction of 0·12 units per year (95% CI 0·06–0·18) in the rate of change of UHDRS Total Functional Capacity score. These associations remained significant after adjusting for age of onset. Interpretation The multidomain progression measure in TRACK-HD was associated with a functional variant that was genome-wide significant in our meta-analysis. The association in only 216 participants implies that the progression measure is a sensitive reflection of disease burden, that the effect size at this locus is large, or both. Knockout of Msh3 reduces somatic expansion in Huntington's disease mouse models, suggesting this mechanism as an area for future therapeutic investigation

Control system modeling with using fractional derivatives

W pracy przedstawiono przegląd niektórych podejść związanych z problematyką pochodnych ułamkowych w ujęciu teorii sterownia. Zaprezentowano popularne w przemyśle algorytmy sterowania z użyciem pochodnych ułamkowych, wraz z metodami projektowania. Stosowanie rachunku różniczkowego o niecałkowitym stopniu jest stosunkowo nowym podejściem, lecz zyskującym na zainteresowaniu. Rozważania w ostatnich latach wskazują, że wiele problemów np. termodynamicznych, czy biologicznych może być z powodzeniem rozpatrywanych za pomocą po chodnych ułamkowych. Na rynku dostępne są już narzędzia, które wspomagają proces identyfikacji oraz projektowania regulatorów w oparciu o dane eksperymentalne. Jednym z takich narzędzi jest CRONE, będącym zestawem narzędzi w Matlabie, który zawiera trzy moduły: matematyczny, identyfikacyjny, projektowania systemu sterowania. Umożliwia zaimplementowanie autorskich regulatorów CRONE o różnym stopniu złożoności. Innym z narzędzi jest FOMCON, który również jest zestawem narzędzi w Matlabie i jest oparty na istniejącym wcześniej narzędziu FOTF. FOMCON umożliwia identyfikację systemu oraz zaprojektowanie regulatora PIλDµ . Głównym celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie obecnego stanu wiedzy, omówienie podstawowych narzędzi i pojęć związanych z pochodnymi ułamkowymi oraz ich zastosowaniem w sterowaniu, takimi jak: funkcja gamma postacie pochodnej i całki o stopniu niecałkowitym, transformata Laplace’a i podstawy teorii sterowaniaIn the paper is presented review of some approaches corelated with subject of using fractional derivatives in control system theory. Popular algorithms used in the industry are presented, along with relating designing methodology. Using of fractional derivatives calculations is relatively new concept, but constantly getting increasing interest. Deliberation in recent years indicate that many scientific problems like thermodynamic or biology problems can be well considered and modeled by fractional order derivatives. On the market there is available tools that support a processes of identification and regulators designing, based on experimental data. One of such tools are toolbox CRONE for MATLAB, which contains three modules: mathematical, identifying, system control designing. That toolbox allows implementation of CRONE regulators with different level of complexity. Other tool is FOMCON, which also is a toolbox for MATLAB and it is based on already existed toolbox FOTF. FOMCON allows to identifying of control system and PIλDµ regulator designing. This article is aiming to present current state of art, discussion about existing tools and concepts correlated with fractional order derivatives and their usage in control system theory, like: gamma function, definition of fractional derivative, Laplace transform and basics of control system theory

One day ahead forecasting of energy generating in photovoltaic systems

The article presents selected methods for forecasting energy generated by a solar system. Short-term forecasts are necessary in planning the work of renewable energy sources and their share in the energy market. Forecasting from the one-day horizon is one of the short-term forecasts. Rear-round prognostic models have been designed using various forecasting methods such as regression, neural networks or time series. On the basis of one day ahead forecasts the accuracy of designed models was assessed. The influence of selected weather factors on forecasts accuracy is also presented, only for models implemented by MLP neural networks. As well as the results of research on the impact of the model structure (as MLP neural network) on the accuracy of forecasts are presented

Polepszenie warunków życia w miastach Polski i Europy Środkowej i w ich postsocjalistycznych dzielnicach według koncepcji ReNewTown

The paper presents a summation of analyses made during the realisation of the project ReNewTown, tens of models and so called good practices, realised and conducted in the space of post-socialist cities in Poland and Central Europe after 1989. The 12 most interesting solutions were selected which can became a model for better management of cities in the future. These models and good practices aimed at improving of living conditions in post-socialist districts and cities have become an element of empirical verification of the concept of a post-socialist city.Artykuł stanowi podsumowanie analiz przeprowadzonych w ramach projektu ReNewTown, kilkudziesięciu modeli działania i tzw. dobrych praktyk zrealizowanych i prowadzonych w przestrzeni miast postsocjalistycznych Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej po 1989 r. W wyniku przeprowadzonych analiz dokonano wyboru 12 najciekawszych rozwiązań, które mogą pełnić funkcje modelowe do lepszego zarządzania miastami w przyszłości. Modele te i dobre praktyki, mające na celu poprawę warunków życia postsocjalistycznych dzielnic i miast, stały się również elementem empirycznej weryfikacji koncepcji miasta postsocjalistycznego

Very High Accuracy Hyperbolic Tangent Function Implementation in FPGAs

The paper presents in detail a relatively simple implementation method of the hyperbolic tangent function, particularly targeted for FPGAs. The research goal of the proposed method was to examine the usage of the approximation of ordinary or Chebyshev polynomials for the implementation of the function. Several miscellaneous implementation versions have been considered. They differ in the polynomial degree, number of intervals for which the domain of the function is divided, etc. Both floating-point and fixed-point implementations have been presented. An impact on the FPGA resources utilization and calculations time for the implementation versions has also been briefly analyzed. Special attention has been paid to the accuracy of the calculations of the function. It turned out that applying the proposed method, a very high calculations accuracy can be achieved, while simultaneously maintaining reasonable resources utilization and short calculations time. The proposed method can be an effective alternative to other encountered implementation methods such as CORDIC. Additionally, the presented hardware architecture is more versatile and can be easily adapted for the implementation of other mathematical functions

Possible Applications of Edge Computing in the Manufacturing Industry—Systematic Literature Review

This article presents the results of research with the main goal of identifying possible applications of edge computing (EC) in industry. This study used the methodology of systematic literature review and text mining analysis. The main findings showed that the primary goal of EC is to reduce the time required to transfer large amounts of data. With the ability to analyze data at the edge, it is possible to obtain immediate feedback and use it in the decision-making process. However, the implementation of EC requires investments not only in infrastructure, but also in the development of employee knowledge related to modern computing methods based on artificial intelligence. As the results of the analyses showed, great importance is also attached to energy consumption, both in ongoing production processes and for the purposes of data transmission and analysis. This paper also highlights problems related to quality management. Based on the analyses, we indicate further research directions for the application of edge computing and associated technologies that are required in the area of intelligent resource scheduling (for flexible production systems and autonomous systems), anomaly detection and resulting decision making, data analysis and transfer, knowledge management (for smart designing), and simulations (for autonomous systems)

Kolorowana sieć Petriego jako model systemu podejmowania decyzji kredytowej

The paper describes a formal model and implementation of an expert system (ES) for a credit decision making. The ES is designed as a set of related decision tables (DT). The Colored Petri Net (CPN) is adopted as a model of the ES. The structure and behavior of the ES is mapped into the CPN. A software module for a credit decision making is developed and deployed to a computer system for banking.W artykule opisano model formalny i implementację systemu ekspertowego (SE) do podejmowania decyzji kredytowych. SE projektowany jest jako zbiór powiązanych tabel decyzyjnych (TD). Jako model tego SE zastosowano kolorowaną sieć Petriego (CPN), na którą odwzorowano strukturę SE oraz sposób wyznaczania wartości przez TD. Utworzono moduł podejmowania decyzji kredytowych, który jest częścią systemu informatycznego przeznaczonego dla bankowości

Mellitate: A multivalent anion with extreme charge density causes rapid aggregation and misfolding of wild type lysozyme at neutral pH

<div><p>Due to its symmetric structure and abundance of carboxyl groups, mellitic acid (MA–benzenehexacarboxylic acid) has an uncommon capacity to form highly ordered molecular networks. Dissolved in water, MA dissociates to yield various mellitate anions with pronounced tendencies to form complexes with cations including protonated amines. Deprotonation of MA at physiological pH produces anions with high charge densities (MA^5- and MA^6-) whose influence on co-dissolved proteins has not been thoroughly studied. As electrostatic attraction between highly symmetric MA^6- anions and positively charged low-symmetry globular proteins could lead to interesting self-assembly patterns we have chosen hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL), a basic stably folded globular protein as a cationic partner for mellitate anions to form such hypothetical nanostructures. Indeed, mixing of neutral HEWL and MA solutions does result in precipitation of electrostatic complexes with the stoichiometry dependent on pH. We have studied the self-assembly of HEWL-MA structures using vibrational spectroscopy (infrared absorption and Raman scattering), circular dichroism (CD), atomic force microscopy (AFM). Possible HEWL-MA^6- molecular docking scenarios were analyzed using computational tools. Our results indicate that even at equimolar ratios (in respect to HEWL), MA^5- and MA^6- anions are capable of inducing misfolding and aggregation of the protein upon mild heating which results in non-native intermolecular beta-sheet appearing in the amide I’ region of the corresponding infrared spectra. The association process leads to aggregates with compacted morphologies entrapping mellitate anions. The capacity of extremely diluted mellitate anions (i.e. at sub-millimolar concentration range) to trigger aggregation of proteins is discussed in the context of mechanisms of misfolding.</p></div

A Concept of an SME Focused Edge Computing Self-managing Cyber-physical System

The dynamically changing environment forces companies to introduce changes in production processes and the need for employees to adapt quickly to new tasks. Therefore, it is expected to implement solutions to support employees. The system that will manage the work on a manufacturing line should work in real time to support the ongoing activities and, to be implemented in SMEs, must not be expensive. The authors identified important system components and expected functionalities. The methodology of the work is based on humancentered design. A concept of a cyber-physical system is proposed. The aim of the proposed edge computing-based system is to manage the work on the manufacturing line in which certain elements communicate with each other to achieve common goals. The paper presents what the system can consist of, how information and knowledge are managed in the system, and what can be the benefits for enterprises from its implementation