Application of modulated hydrodynamic voltammetry to the study of anodic electrocatalysis

Application of square-wave hydrodynamically modulated voltammetry (QHMV) is discussed for the study of anodic reactions electrocatalyzed by surface oxides at noble metal electrodes. QHMV permits extraction of the convective-coupled faradaic component from the total electrode current by alternating the rotational velocity of a rotating disk electrode (RDE) about a non-zero value and computing the difference of the total current obtained for the two velocities. Since the anodic formation of surface oxides as well as the decomposition of H(,2)O to produce O(,2) are virtually independent of rotational velocity in aqueous solution, the positive potential limit for application of QHMV is observed to be 200-400 mV more positive than that for conventional cyclic voltammetry, depending on the electrode material. Therefore, small mass-transport coupled currents occurring simultaneously with oxide formation and O(,2) evolution can be characterized voltammetrically by application of QHMV;Results obtained by cyclic voltammetry and QHMV are described briefly for several anodic reactions at various noble metal electrodes. Major emphasis is placed on the anodic behavior of I(\u27-) at a Pt electrode in acidic media. The convective components of the total electrode current include: (1) the mass-transport limited production of I(,2) (E \u3e 0.55 V); (2) the mass-transport coupled oxidation of I(\u27-) to IO(,3)(\u27-) (1.0 V E \u3e 1.1 V), which is catalyzed by the anodic formation of PtOH; and (3) the mass-transport limited formation of IO(,3)(\u27-) (E \u3e 1.5 V) which is concluded to be electrocatalyzed by an OH intermediate product of O(,2) evolution. In addition, the results obtained for the catalytic reduction of IO(,3)(\u27-) at a Pt electrode are described briefly;Data obtained for the anodic detection of I(\u27-) are presented for the application of constant and multi-step potential amperometry. Iodide can be detected by measuring the current resulting from: (1) the mass-transport limited production of I(,2)(\u27-) from I(\u27-), (2) the suppression of the anodic formation of Pt oxide, and (3) the electrocatalyzed oxidation of I(\u27-) to IO(,3)(\u27-). Enhanced sensitivity of the measured signal;is observed in the potential region where the electrocatalyzed oxidation of I(\u27-) to IO(,3)(\u27-) occurs; (\u271)DOE Report IS-T-1129. This work was performed under contract No. W-7405-Eng-82 with the U.S. Department of Energy

Biologically Based Restorative Management of Tooth Wear

The prevalence and severity of tooth wear is increasing in industrialised nations. Yet, there is no high-level evidence to support or refute any therapeutic intervention. In the absence of such evidence, many currently prevailing management strategies for tooth wear may be failing in their duty of care to first and foremost improve the oral health of patients with this disease. This paper promotes biologically sound approaches to the management of tooth wear on the basis of current best evidence of the aetiology and clinical features of this disease. The relative risks and benefits of the varying approaches to managing tooth wear are discussed with reference to long-term follow-up studies. Using reference to ethical standards such as “The Daughter Test”, this paper presents case reports of patients with moderate-to-severe levels of tooth wear managed in line with these biologically sound principles

Computerized clinical documentation system in the pediatric intensive care unit

BACKGROUND: To determine whether a computerized clinical documentation system (CDS): 1) decreased time spent charting and increased time spent in patient care; 2) decreased medication errors; 3) improved clinical decision making; 4) improved quality of documentation; and/or 5) improved shift to shift nursing continuity. METHODS: Before and after implementation of CDS, a time study involving nursing care, medication delivery, and normalization of serum calcium and potassium values was performed. In addition, an evaluation of completeness of documentation and a clinician survey of shift to shift reporting were also completed. This was a modified one group, pretest-posttest design. RESULTS: With the CDS there was: improved legibility and completeness of documentation, data with better accessibility and accuracy, no change in time spent in direct patient care or charting by nursing staff. Incidental observations from the study included improved management functions of our nurse manager; improved JCAHO documentation compliance; timely access to clinical data (labs, vitals, etc); a decrease in time and resource use for audits; improved reimbursement because of the ability to reconstruct lost charts; limited human data entry by automatic data logging; eliminated costs of printing forms. CDS cost was reasonable. CONCLUSIONS: When compared to a paper chart, the CDS provided a more legible, compete, and accessible patient record without affecting time spent in direct patient care. The availability of the CDS improved shift to shift reporting. Other observations showed that the CDS improved management capabilities; helped physicians deliver care; improved reimbursement; limited data entry errors; and reduced costs

Subjectivation and performative politics—Butler thinking Althusser and Foucault: intelligibility, agency and the raced-nationed-religioned subjects of education

Judith Butler is perhaps best known for her take-up of the debate between Derrida and Austin over the function of the performative and her subsequent suggestion that the subject be understood as performatively constituted. Another important but less often noted move within Butler‘s consideration of the processes through which the subject is constituted is her thinking between Althusser‘s notion of subjection and Foucault‘s notion of subjectivation. In this paper, I explore Butler‘s understanding of processes of subjectivation; examine the relationship between subjectivation and the performative suggested in and by Butler‘s work, and consider how the performative is implicated in processes of subjectivation – in =who‘ the subject is, or might be, subjectivated as. Finally, I examine the usefulness of understanding the subjectivating effects of discourse for education, in particular for educationalists concerned to make better sense of and interrupt educational inequalities. In doing this I offer a reading of an episode of ethnographic data generated in an Australian high School. I suggest that it is through subjectivating processes of the sort that Butler helps us to understand that some students are rendered subjects inside the educational endeavour, and others are rendered outside this endeavour or, indeed, outside student-hood

Positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging methods and datasets within the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN)

The Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN) is an international collaboration studying autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease (ADAD). ADAD arises from mutations occurring in three genes. Offspring from ADAD families have a 50% chance of inheriting their familial mutation, so non-carrier siblings can be recruited for comparisons in case-control studies. The age of onset in ADAD is highly predictable within families, allowing researchers to estimate an individual\u27s point in the disease trajectory. These characteristics allow candidate AD biomarker measurements to be reliably mapped during the preclinical phase. Although ADAD represents a small proportion of AD cases, understanding neuroimaging-based changes that occur during the preclinical period may provide insight into early disease stages of \u27sporadic\u27 AD also. Additionally, this study provides rich data for research in healthy aging through inclusion of the non-carrier controls. Here we introduce the neuroimaging dataset collected and describe how this resource can be used by a range of researchers

Comparison of regime‐sorted tropical cloud profiles observed by CloudSat with GEOS5 analyses and two general circulation model simulations

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/94863/1/jgrd16832.pd

Digitization workflows for flat sheets and packets of plants, algae, and fungi

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141708/1/aps31500065.pd

Mismatch repair deficiency predicts response of solid tumors to PD-1 blockade.

The genomes of cancers deficient in mismatch repair contain exceptionally high numbers of somatic mutations. In a proof-of-concept study, we previously showed that colorectal cancers with mismatch repair deficiency were sensitive to immune checkpoint blockade with antibodies to programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1). We have now expanded this study to evaluate the efficacy of PD-1 blockade in patients with advanced mismatch repair-deficient cancers across 12 different tumor types. Objective radiographic responses were observed in 53% of patients, and complete responses were achieved in 21% of patients. Responses were durable, with median progression-free survival and overall survival still not reached. Functional analysis in a responding patient demonstrated rapid in vivo expansion of neoantigen-specific T cell clones that were reactive to mutant neopeptides found in the tumor. These data support the hypothesis that the large proportion of mutant neoantigens in mismatch repair-deficient cancers make them sensitive to immune checkpoint blockade, regardless of the cancers\u27 tissue of origin