Time Requirement for Collecting Cooking Energy in an Indian Village: Comparative Study Between Charcoal and Fuelwood

Energy is the vital input for sustainable development of a country as it is directly related to the country’s economic growth. Even though energy use has doubled since 2000, but energy consumption per capita is still only around one-third of the global average and some 240 million people have no access to electricity. This study investigates the present energy demand scenario of a rural village and finds the possibilities of achieving energy access by the available alternate energy in rural areas. A detailed survey was done on the energy demand and available energy resources in a village of Assam in the Northeastern part of India. Energy demands on different sectors were calculated and the sources of energy were studied. The total technical bioenergy potential is 3.0 MWh per year from available rice husk only. The result implies that there are abundant of untapped bioenergy resources available in the village and alternatives to diversify its source of energy. This research concludes that the energy demand of households varies intensely with national averages. This bottom-up approach study of a rural village is to understand the domestic scenario of villages in developing countries, as it can be related to other villages to a much extent

Genomic mutation profile in progressive chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients prior to first-line chemoimmunotherapy with FCR and rituximab maintenance (REM)

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is the most prevalent leukemia in Western countries and is notable for its variable clinical course. This variability is partly reflected by the mutational status of IGHV genes. Many CLL samples have been studied in recent years by next-generation sequencing. These studies have identified recurrent somatic mutations in NOTCH1, SF3B1, ATM, TP53, BIRC3 and others genes that play roles in cell cycle, DNA repair, RNA metabolism and splicing. In this study, we have taken a deep-targeted massive sequencing approach to analyze the impact of mutations in the most frequently mutated genes in patients with CLL enrolled in the REM (rituximab en mantenimiento) clinical trial. The mutational status of our patients with CLL, except for the TP53 gene, does not seem to affect the good results obtained with maintenance therapy with rituximab after front-line FCR treatment

The Impact, Emerging Needs, and New Research Questions Arising from 12 Years of the Center for the Study of Complex Malaria in India

The Center for the Study of Complex Malaria in India (CSCMi) was launched in 2010 with the overall goal of addressing major gaps in our understanding of "complex malaria" in India through projects on the epidemiology, transmission, and pathogenesis of the disease. The Center was mandated to adopt an integrated approach to malaria research, including building capacity, developing infrastructure, and nurturing future malaria leaders while conducting relevant and impactful studies to assist India as it moves from control to elimination. Here, we will outline some of the interactions and impacts the Center has had with malaria policy and control counterparts in India, as well as describe emerging needs and new research questions that have become apparent over the past 12 years

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

Alternatives For Renewable Energy In Rural India: The Napaam Case Study

Energy is the vital input for sustainable development of a country as it is directly related to the country’s economic growth. Even though energy use has doubled since 2000, but energy consumption per capita is still only around one-third of the global average and some 240 million people have no access to electricity. This study investigates the present energy demand scenario of a rural village and finds the possibilities of achieving energy access by the available alternate energy in rural areas. A detailed survey was done on the energy demand and available energy resources in a village of Assam in the Northeastern part of India. Energy demands on different sectors were calculated and the sources of energy were studied. The total technical bioenergy potential is 3.0 MWh per year from available rice husk only. The result implies that there are abundant of untapped bioenergy resources available in the village and alternatives to diversify its source of energy. This research concludes that the energy demand of households varies intensely with national averages. This bottom-up approach study of a rural village is to understand the domestic scenario of villages in developing countries, as it can be related to other villages to a much extent

PO-087 Oxidative stress as a selective anticancer agent: preclinical evaluation of a targeted combination strategy for mutant p53 non-small cell lung cancer

Introduction Increased oxidative stress is a hallmark of cancer cells, which makes them more vulnerable to induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). P53 plays a crucial role in sensing and removing oxidative damage to DNA, and inactivating mutations in the TP53 gene attenuate this function. In addition, it was shown that mutant p53 is able to suppress the function of major antioxidant factors. Therefore, mutant p53 renders cancer cells even more susceptible to the induction of oxidative stress. Besides p53, the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) protein plays an important role in the repair of ROS-induced DNA-damage. This led us to explore the potential of combining oxidative stress induction with the targeted inhibition of the PARP-1 protein to selectively target mutant p53 NSCLC cancer cells. Material and methods APR-246 and Auranofin (inhibition glutathione (GSH) and/or thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1)) and Olaparib (PARP-1 inhibitor) were used. The cytotoxicity (SRB-assay) of these compounds was determined in a panel of NSCLC cell lines with different p53 status, including isogenic cell lines (p53 shRNA-knockdown, p53 knock-in). Total GSH content (GSH/GSSG-Glo TM ) and ROS content (CellROX) were determined. N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) was used as a potent ROS-scavenger. Induction of apoptosis/cell death was determined by the AnnV/PI assay (FC) or the Cytotox Reagent (IncuCyte). DNA-damage was assessed by g-H2AX foci (IF) and the Comet Assay. Synergism was determined using the Additive model. Results and discussions P53 Mut knock-down reduces the cytotoxic effect of APR-246, Auranofin and Olaparib, while p53 Mut knock-in sensitised cells for all three compounds. APR-246/Olaparib treatment reduced GSH levels and increased ROS content, resulting in a strong accumulation of DNA-damage and synergistic induction of cell death. Co-treatment with NAC or p53-knockdown significantly reduced this cytotoxic response. Similar synergistic effects were observed for Auranofin/Olaparib treatment in several cell lines with clinically relevant p53 mutations. Conclusion Mutant p53 protein expression renders NSCLC cells more susceptible to APR-246, Auranofin and Olaparib treatment. In addition, the combination of oxidative stress induction (APR-246, Auranofin) with PARP-1 inhibition (Olaparib) results in remarkable synergistic effects in the presence of mutant p53. Therefore, this combination strategy could be a promising and selective treatment option for mutant p53 NSCLC patients in which resistance to standard therapies often occurs

Síndrome de Pancoast e infiltración tumoral endobronquial como primera manifestación de un linfoma de Hodgkin

La causa más frecuente del síndrome de Pancoast es un carcinoma broncogénico. Otras causas menos frecuentes son metástasis de tumores sólidos, otros tumores intratorácicos, infecciones y neoplasias de estirpe hematológica. El síndrome de Pancoast por un linfoma es muy raro y los casos descritos corresponden fundamentalmente a linfomas no hodgkinianos. En una revisión de la bibliografía encontramos un único caso de linfoma de Hodgkin, pero que se manifestó durante la recidiva de la enfermedad. Nosotros aportamos un caso de linfoma de Hodgkin de tipo esclerosis nodular cuya primera manifestación clínica fue este síndrome y cuyo diagnóstico inicial se realizó mediante biopsia bronquial