The XMM Cluster Survey: The Stellar Mass Assembly of Fossil Galaxies

This paper presents both the result of a search for fossil systems (FSs) within the XMM Cluster Survey and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and the results of a study of the stellar mass assembly and stellar populations of their fossil galaxies. In total, 17 groups and clusters are identified at z < 0.25 with large magnitude gaps between the first and fourth brightest galaxies. All the information necessary to classify these systems as fossils is provided. For both groups and clusters, the total and fractional luminosity of the brightest galaxy is positively correlated with the magnitude gap. The brightest galaxies in FSs (called fossil galaxies) have stellar populations and star formation histories which are similar to normal brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs). However, at fixed group/cluster mass, the stellar masses of the fossil galaxies are larger compared to normal BCGs, a fact that holds true over a wide range of group/cluster masses. Moreover, the fossil galaxies are found to contain a significant fraction of the total optical luminosity of the group/cluster within 0.5R200, as much as 85%, compared to the non-fossils, which can have as little as 10%. Our results suggest that FSs formed early and in the highest density regions of the universe and that fossil galaxies represent the end products of galaxy mergers in groups and clusters. The online FS catalog can be found at http://www.astro.ljmu.ac.uk/~xcs/Harrison2012/XCSFSCat.html.Comment: 30 pages, 50 figures. ApJ published version, online FS catalog added: http://www.astro.ljmu.ac.uk/~xcs/Harrison2012/XCSFSCat.htm

Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome

The human genome holds an extraordinary trove of information about human development, physiology, medicine and evolution. Here we report the results of an international collaboration to produce and make freely available a draft sequence of the human genome. We also present an initial analysis of the data, describing some of the insights that can be gleaned from the sequence.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/62798/1/409860a0.pd

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Synthesis and solid state study of pyridine- and pyrimidine-based fragment libraries

A library of pyridines and pyrimidines has been synthesised in excellent yields employing microwave and flow chemistry methodologies. Work-up bottlenecks have been facilitated substantially by the use of supported reagents and many of the final compounds have been studied in the solid state by single crystal X-ray diffraction

Synthesis and solid state study of pyridine- and pyrimidine-based fragment libraries

A library of pyridines and pyrimidines has been synthesised in excellent yields employing microwave and flow chemistry methodologies. Work-up bottlenecks have been facilitated substantially by the use of supported reagents and many of the final compounds have been studied in the solid state by single crystal X-ray diffraction

Crystal structures of two palladacycles from the C-H activation of 2-(Thiophen-2-yl)pyridine

A C,N-bound palladacycle dimer has been synthesised by reaction of 2-(thiophen-2-yl)pyridine, LH, with palladium acetate in acetic acid. Characterisation by single crystal X-ray diffraction showed the palladacycle dimer, [(L)Pd(OAc)]2, to crystallise in the monoclinic space group P21/n with cell parameters a = 9.5853(1) Å, b = 19.1332(3) Å, c = 12.3889(2) Å, β = 103.732(1)°. Reaction of [(L)Pd(OAc)]2 with triphenylphosphine afforded a trans-substituted monomeric complex, [(L)PdPPh3(OAc)] which was also analysed using single crystal X-ray diffraction. [(L)PdPPh3(OAc)] crystallises in the monoclinic space group P21/c with cell parameters a = 9.4839(1) Å, b = 11.0427(2) Å, c = 26.0770(4) Å, β = 95.022(1)°

Synthesis of novel N-protected hydrophobic phenylalanines and their application in potential antibacterials

An efficient synthesis of two new N-acetyl-4’-arylphenylalanines is described together with their incorporation in to a number of cationic peptoid antibacterial agents, one of which had an MIC of 7.8 μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus

Interrogating HIV integrase for compounds that bind--a SAMPL challenge.

Tremendous gains and novel methods are often developed when people are challenged to do something new or difficult. This process is enhanced when people compete against each other-this can be seen in sport as well as in science and technology (e.g. the space race). The SAMPL challenges, like the CASP challenges, aim to challenge modellers and software developers to develop new ways of looking at molecular interactions so the community as a whole can progress in the accurate prediction of these interactions. In order for this challenge to occur, data must be supplied so the prospective test can be done. We have supplied unpublished data related to a drug discovery program run several years ago on HIV integrase for the SAMPL4 challenge. This paper describes the methods used to obtain these data and the chemistry involved

Interrogating HIV integrase for compounds that bind--a SAMPL challenge.

Tremendous gains and novel methods are often developed when people are challenged to do something new or difficult. This process is enhanced when people compete against each other-this can be seen in sport as well as in science and technology (e.g. the space race). The SAMPL challenges, like the CASP challenges, aim to challenge modellers and software developers to develop new ways of looking at molecular interactions so the community as a whole can progress in the accurate prediction of these interactions. In order for this challenge to occur, data must be supplied so the prospective test can be done. We have supplied unpublished data related to a drug discovery program run several years ago on HIV integrase for the SAMPL4 challenge. This paper describes the methods used to obtain these data and the chemistry involved