The Influence of Socio-cultural Factors on College Students’ Attitudes toward Sexual Minorities

Research has indicated that age is a significant predictor of tolerance toward sexual minorities. However, outdated measures and social desirability may hinder attempts to accurately detect bias. This study explores attitudes toward gay males among a sample of students in the Midwestern United States. We investigate the influence of gender, religiosity, and political orientation on students’ attitudes. Students’ political orientation was found to be the strongest predictor of attitudes. In contrast to previous research emphasizing the relationship between age and tolerance, our study suggests that socio-cultural factors have the greatest influence on bias. This has critical implications for social work educators working with students from conservative cultures

Narcissism and the strategic pursuit of short-term mating : universal links across 11 world regions of the International Sexuality Description Project-2.

Previous studies have documented links between sub-clinical narcissism and the active pursuit of short-term mating strategies (e.g., unrestricted sociosexuality, marital infidelity, mate poaching). Nearly all of these investigations have relied solely on samples from Western cultures. In the current study, responses from a cross-cultural survey of 30,470 people across 53 nations spanning 11 world regions (North America, Central/South America, Northern Europe, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Middle East, Africa, Oceania, Southeast Asia, and East Asia) were used to evaluate whether narcissism (as measured by the Narcissistic Personality Inventory; NPI) was universally associated with short-term mating. Results revealed narcissism scores (including two broad factors and seven traditional facets as measured by the NPI) were functionally equivalent across cultures, reliably associating with key sexual outcomes (e.g., more active pursuit of short-term mating, intimate partner violence, and sexual aggression) and sex-related personality traits (e.g., higher extraversion and openness to experience). Whereas some features of personality (e.g., subjective well-being) were universally associated with socially adaptive facets of Narcissism (e.g., self-sufficiency), most indicators of short-term mating (e.g., unrestricted sociosexuality and marital infidelity) were universally associated with the socially maladaptive facets of narcissism (e.g., exploitativeness). Discussion addresses limitations of these cross-culturally universal findings and presents suggestions for future research into revealing the precise psychological features of narcissism that facilitate the strategic pursuit of short-term mating

Narcisismo y búsqueda estratégica del emparejamiento a corto plazo a través de las culturas: Enlaces omnipresentes a través de 11 regiones mundiales del Proyecto de la descripción de la sexualidad internacional 2

Previous studies have documented links between sub-clinical narcissism and the active pursuit of short-term mating strategies (e.g., unrestricted sociosexuality, marital infidelity, mate poaching). Nearly all of these investigations have relied solely on samples from Western cultures. In the current study, responses from a cross-cultural survey of 30,470 people across 53 nations spanning 11 world regions (North America, Central/South America, Northern Europe, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Middle East, Africa, Oceania, Southeast Asia, and East Asia) were used to evaluate whether narcissism (as measured by the Narcissistic Personality Inventory; NPI) was universally associated with short-term mating. Results revealed narcissism scores (including two broad factors and seven traditional facets as measured by the NPI) were functionally equivalent across cultures, reliably associating with key sexual outcomes (e.g., more active pursuit of short-term mating, intimate partner violence, and sexual aggression) and sex-related personality traits (e.g., higher extraversion and openness to experience). Whereas some features of personality (e.g., subjective well-being) were universally associated with socially adaptive facets of Narcissism (e.g., self-sufficiency), most indicators of short-term mating (e.g., unrestricted sociosexuality and marital infidelity) were universally associated with the socially maladaptive facets of narcissism (e.g., exploitativeness). Discussion addresses limitations of these cross-culturally universal findings and presents suggestions for future research into revealing the precise psychological features of narcissism that facilitate the strategic pursuit of short-term mating.Estudios previos, en primer lugar a través de las muestras de culturas occidentales, han documentado asociaciones sistemáticas del narcisismo subclínico con múltiples indicadores de estrategias del emparejamiento a corto plazo (p. ej. sociosexualidad ilimitada, infidelidad, caza de pareja). En este estudio se han usado respuestas de la encuesta transcultural de 30.470 personas de 53 naciones de 11 regiones mundiales (América del Norte, América del Sur/América Central, Europa del Norte, Europa del Oeste, Europa del Este, Europa del Sur, Oriente Próximo, África, Asia del Sur/Sudoeste de Asia, Asia del Este y Oceanía) para evaluar si el narcisismo (medido por el Inventario de Personalidad Narcisista; NPI) se asocia panuniversalmente con los indicadores del emparejamiento a corto plazo, tanto en la dirección, como en la intensidad. Los resultados sugieren que el narcisismo (incluidos muchos aspectos suyos medidos por el NPI) tiene las mismas asociaciones básicas con los rasgos de personalidad relacionados con el sexo (p. ej. extraversión alta) y con los resultados sexuales claves (p. ej. búsqueda más activa de las estrategias del emparejamiento a corto plazo) a través de las 11 mayores regiones mundiales del PDSI 2. La discusión se enfoca en las implicaciones y limitaciones del estudio actual

Comportamento humano numa vila global: uma perspectiva pós-moderna (construtiva) sobre psicologia comunitária do terceiro mundo

Este artigo discute a concepção da Psicologia, com suas bases positivistas, e instiga os psicólogos brasileiros, especialmente os psicólogos comunitários, a examinar seus valores e agir sobre eles para criar uma Psicologia com uma significância prática para a cultura brasileira. Especificamente, é sugerido que os pesquisadores brasileiros formem "colaborações horizontais" com agências nacionais e regionais para trabalhar com problemas práticos em populações analfabetas e pobres (rurais e urbanas). Um equilíbrio deve ser alcançado entre os seguintes valores, igualmente importantes: respeito e empatia, auto-determinação, diversidade humana, colaboração e participação democrática, e justiça distributiva, como descrito por Prilleltensky (1997). Nosso desafio é buscar mudanças estruturais no tecido social se quisermos evitar um futuro catastrófico para a humanidade

The Effects of Anticipated Negative Feedback on Psychological States Among Narcissists

Although narcissism has long been researched in relation to anger, previous research examined narcissistic anger toward negative feedback that had already occurred. In this study, we investigated the effects of anticipation of evaluation (present vs. absent) and negative feedback (present vs. absent), using a creativity task paradigm, on state anger scores among 231 U.S. undergraduates (76% White, 60% women). We also measured undergraduates’ narcissistic tendencies and impressions of the creativity task. Multiple regression analyses revealed a significant interaction between narcissism and negative feedback on total anger scores, with narcissists responding with more anger than non-narcissists in the condition of negative feedback. We also found a significant two-way interaction between narcissism and anticipation of evaluation on total enjoyment scores. Anticipation of feedback inhibited narcissist-prone individuals from enjoying the task in the anticipation condition, but this pattern was not present in the no-anticipation condition. Implications and recommendations to better understand the nature of narcissism are discussed

O Valor de Negócio das Práticas de Tecnologia da Informação

The real contribution of the business value of Information Technology (IT) is still much discussed and the results of several studies are divergent. Some authors argue the reason for the differences may lie in the excessive aggregation of the IT construct (BRYNJOLFSSON; HITT, 2003) and organizational performance construct (RAY; BARNEY; MUHANNA, 2004). This research employed a model which seeks to assess the business value of IT through the relationship between the internal resources of IT performance and business processes in the value chain (MOONEY; GURBAXANI; KRAEMER, 1996). After pre-test to check the language of the questionnaire, data were colected from 96 service firms of Belo Horizonte/Brazil through a cross-sectional survey. We validate and analyze the data with univariate and multivariate statistics and Partial Least Squares Path Model technique was the main one utilized. We found that IT practices (use of the Internet architecture, digital transactions intensity and internal IT communication intensity) had a significant relationship with the performance of all business processes chain value and reasonable predictive effect. The evaluated model showed a high goodness of fit, indicating that IT contributes to value creation. For management purposes, the study demonstrates the importance of the development of the IT practices. From the academic point of view, the work explores a theoretical model multidimensional process oriented business and thus it contributes introducing new perspectives for assessing the business value of IT

A construção social dos papéis sexuais femininos Feminine sex-roles social construction

Esta revisão é uma tentativa de produzir uma representação holística, mas não exaustiva, dos papéis sexuais femininos no Brasil. Começamos traçando o papel histórico-político das mulheres do Brasil Colonial até o movimento feminista moderno, enfocando três questões correntes: planejamento familiar, creches e violência contra a mulher. A seguir, examinamos as normas culturais do machismo e do marianismo. Finalmente, discutimos os avanços que as mulheres fizeram no Brasil na última década (desde a Constituição de 1988), chamando a atenção para uma questão que tem sido grandemente ignorada: o assédio sexual.<br>This review is an attempt to provide a holistic, but by no means exhaustive, picture of gender roles in Brazil. We begin by tracing the historical-political role of women from colonial Brazil through the modern women&#146;s movement, highlighting three current issues: family planning, child care, and violence against women. Next, we examine the cultural norms of machismo and marianismo. Finally, we discuss the strides women have made in Brazil in the last decade (since the Consitution of 1988), calling attention to one issue that has been largely ignored: sexual harassment

Desenvolvimento humano e violência de gênero: uma integração bioecológica Human development and gender violence: a bioecological integration

O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi compreender a etiologia da violência de gênero usando a Teoria Bioecológica do Desenvolvimento Humano. A abordagem bioecológica concebe a violência de gênero como um fenômeno multidimensional embasado em uma interação de diversos fatores. Assim, neste artigo emprega-se o modelo bioecológico como uma ferramenta heurística para organizar esses fatores em quatro níveis: pessoal, que compreende as características biológicas e psicológicas da pessoa; processual, que envolve as interações interpessoais; contextual, que inclui os aspectos da rede de apoio social, da comunidade, da cultura da pessoa; e temporal, que corresponde à intrageracionalidade, intergeracionalidade e transgeracionalidade. Os autores sugerem que o modelo proposto é um instrumento útil para guiar futuras investigações científicas e intervenções.<br>The purpose of the present study was to examine the etiology of gender violence using the Bioecological Theory of Human Development. Such approach considers gender violence as a multidimensional phenomenon grounded in an interrelationship among several factors. Thus, this model is an heuristic tool that organizes several factors into four levels: personal (biological and psychological characteristics), processing (interpersonal interaction), contextual (social support network, community, and culture), and temporal (intra-, inter-, and trans-generational). The authors suggest that the proposed model is a useful tool for guiding future research studies and interventions

Influência da orientação sexual de vítima e perpetrador no julgamento do assédio

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