57 research outputs found
Home-range use patterns and movements of the Siberian flying squirrel in urban forests: Effects of habitat composition and connectivity
Peer reviewe
Polyfunctional T-Cell Responses Are Disrupted by the Ovarian Cancer Ascites Environment and Only Partially Restored by Clinically Relevant Cytokines
Host T-cell responses are associated with favorable outcomes in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), but it remains unclear how best to promote these responses in patients. Toward this goal, we evaluated a panel of clinically relevant cytokines for the ability to enhance multiple T-cell effector functions (polyfunctionality) in the native tumor environment.Experiments were performed with resident CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in bulk ascites cell preparations from high-grade serous EOC patients. T cells were stimulated with α-CD3 in the presence of 100% autologous ascites fluid with or without exogenous IL-2, IL-12, IL-18 or IL-21, alone or in combination. T-cell proliferation (Ki-67) and function (IFN-Îł, TNF-α, IL-2, CCL4, and CD107a expression) were assessed by multi-parameter flow cytometry. In parallel, 27 cytokines were measured in culture supernatants. While ascites fluid had variable effects on CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell proliferation, it inhibited T-cell function in most patient samples, with CD107a, IFN-Îł, and CCL4 showing the greatest inhibition. This was accompanied by reduced levels of IL-1ÎČ, IL-1ra, IL-9, IL-17, G-CSF, GM-CSF, Mip-1α, PDGF-bb, and bFGF in culture supernatants. T-cell proliferation was enhanced by exogenous IL-2, but other T-cell functions were largely unaffected by single cytokines. The combination of IL-2 with cytokines engaging complementary signaling pathways, in particular IL-12 and IL-18, enhanced expression of IFN-Îł, TNF-α, and CCL4 in all patient samples by promoting polyfunctional T-cell responses. Despite this, other functional parameters generally remained inhibited.The EOC ascites environment disrupts multiple T-cell functions, and exogenous cytokines engaging diverse signaling pathways only partially reverse these effects. Our results may explain the limited efficacy of cytokine therapies for EOC to date. Full restoration of T-cell function will require activation of signaling pathways beyond those engaged by IL-2, IL-12, IL-18, and IL-21
3D superimposition of craniofacial imagingâThe utility of multicentre collaborations
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149360/1/ocr12281.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149360/2/ocr12281_am.pd
Lymphatic mapping and sentinel node biopsy in gynecological cancers: a critical review of the literature
Although it does not have a long history of sentinel node evaluation (SLN) in female genital system cancers, there is a growing number of promising study results, despite the presence of some aspects that need to be considered and developed. It has been most commonly used in vulvar and uterine cervivcal cancer in gynecological oncology. According to these studies, almost all of which are prospective, particularly in cases where Technetium-labeled nanocolloid is used, sentinel node detection rate sensitivity and specificity has been reported to be 100%, except for a few cases. In the studies on cervical cancer, sentinel node detection rates have been reported around 80â86%, a little lower than those in vulva cancer, and negative predictive value has been reported about 99%. It is relatively new in endometrial cancer, where its detection rate varies between 50 and 80%. Studies about vulvar melanoma and vaginal cancers are generally case reports. Although it has not been supported with multicenter randomized and controlled studies including larger case series, study results reported by various centers around the world are harmonious and mutually supportive particularly in vulva cancer, and cervix cancer. Even though it does not seem possible to replace the traditional approaches in these two cancers, it is still a serious alternative for the future. We believe that it is important to increase and support the studies that will strengthen the weaknesses of the method, among which there are detection of micrometastases and increasing detection rates, and render it usable in routine clinical practice
A comprehensive overview of radioguided surgery using gamma detection probe technology
The concept of radioguided surgery, which was first developed some 60 years ago, involves the use of a radiation detection probe system for the intraoperative detection of radionuclides. The use of gamma detection probe technology in radioguided surgery has tremendously expanded and has evolved into what is now considered an established discipline within the practice of surgery, revolutionizing the surgical management of many malignancies, including breast cancer, melanoma, and colorectal cancer, as well as the surgical management of parathyroid disease. The impact of radioguided surgery on the surgical management of cancer patients includes providing vital and real-time information to the surgeon regarding the location and extent of disease, as well as regarding the assessment of surgical resection margins. Additionally, it has allowed the surgeon to minimize the surgical invasiveness of many diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, while still maintaining maximum benefit to the cancer patient. In the current review, we have attempted to comprehensively evaluate the history, technical aspects, and clinical applications of radioguided surgery using gamma detection probe technology
Invading and expanding : range dynamics and ecological consequences of the Greater White-Toothed Shrew (Crocidura russula) invasion in Ireland
Establishing how invasive species impact upon pre-existing species is a fundamental question in ecology and conservation
biology. The greater white-toothed shrew (Crocidura russula) is an invasive species in Ireland that was first recorded in 2007
and which, according to initial data, may be limiting the abundance/distribution of the pygmy shrew (Sorex minutus),
previously Irelandâs only shrew species. Because of these concerns, we undertook an intensive live-trapping survey (and
used other data from live-trapping, sightings and bird of prey pellets/nest inspections collected between 2006 and 2013) to
model the distribution and expansion of C. russula in Ireland and its impacts on Irelandâs small mammal community. The
main distribution range of C. russula was found to be approximately 7,600 km2 in 2013, with established outlier populations
suggesting that the species is dispersing with human assistance within the island. The species is expanding rapidly for a
small mammal, with a radial expansion rate of 5.5 km/yr overall (2008â2013), and independent estimates from live-trapping
in 2012â2013 showing rates of 2.4â14.1 km/yr, 0.5â7.1 km/yr and 0â5.6 km/yr depending on the landscape features
present. S. minutus is negatively associated with C. russula. S. minutus is completely absent at sites where C. russula is
established and is only present at sites at the edge of and beyond the invasion range of C. russula. The speed of this invasion
and the homogenous nature of the Irish landscape may mean that S. minutus has not had sufficient time to adapt to the
sudden appearance of C. russula. This may mean the continued decline/disappearance of S. minutus as C. russula spreads
throughout the island
Home-range use patterns and movements of the Siberian flying squirrel in urban forests: Effects of habitat composition and connectivity
Recommended from our members
INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND GUIDANCE OF MULTIPLE INTERVENTIONS DOES NOT REDUCE RESTENOSIS
Oxaliplatin and docetaxel as first line chemotherapy for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
- âŠ