Control de calidad de concentrados plaquetarios de banco de sangre como factor predictor de dosis administrada

Introducción: En bancos de sangre los CPs pueden ser recursos escasos y con una disponibilidad altamente variable debido a la afluencia de los donadores y la vigencia plaquetaria de hasta 5 días posterior a la donación cuando son conservadas en sistema cerrado y agitación constante suave. Tradicionalmente la dosis plaquetaria deseada para fines terapéuticos o profilácticos se calcula asumiendo que el contenido de los CP es en promedio de 0.6 x 1011 plaquetas. Es importante conocer la probabilidad de administrar una dosis plaquetaria que sea eficaz y segura para el paciente. En este estudio se analizan dosis plaquetarias bajas y estándar, las cuales se han observado que son igual de eficaces en prevención de hemorragia. Material y Métodos: Se analizaron concentrados plaquetarios obtenidos de los registros del control de calidad plaquetario realizados a partir de enero de 2020 hasta completar una muestra calculada de 99. Se excluyeron registros con datos incompletos. Los CPs se obtuvieron a partir de donaciones de sangre total, se realizó fraccionamiento por capa leucoplaquetaria. Posteriormente utilizando una simulación de Montecarlo, se evaluó la probabilidad de obtener una dosis plaquetaria total baja (≥1.5x1011) y estándar (≥3 x1011) a partir de un número determinado de concentrados plaquetarios. Se calculó percentiles 2.5% y 97.5% para el número de plaquetas obtenido en las simulaciones. Resultados: Para la distribución del conteo plaquetario en CP se obtuvo una p=0.10, por lo que no se rechaza hipótesis de normalidad, con media de 0.76 x 1011 con desviación estándar de 0.25 x 1011 con coeficiente de variación de 32.98%. Para el análisis de diferencias entre la muestra de donadores no seleccionados para el control de calidad y los donadores cuyo concentrado plaquetario fue seleccionado para control de calidad, no se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre ambos grupos. La probabilidad de administrar una dosis baja (≥1.5x1011) a partir de 4 CPs fue de 99.99%. Conclusiones: Debido al corto tiempo de vigencia de los CPs y a las necesidades transfusionales de la población atendida, resulta complicado planear el stock por lo que resulta importante realizar un uso eficiente de los recursos. La distribución de la dosis total plaquetaria según la cantidad de CP administrados en nuestro estudio no sigue una distribución normal, sino una distribución gamma, con una curva de asimetría positiva, siendo el extremo izquierdo con mayor densidad

Source apportionment of potentially toxic PM10 near a vast metallic ore mine and health risk assessment for residents exposed

Mining is an economic activity that traditionally releases large amounts of particulate matter into the atmosphere because of the procedures required to process the mineral. In particular, polymetallic ores are environmentally harmful as they can enrich potentially toxic elements, which may cause adverse effects to humans and ecosystems due to their toxicity. The aim was to assess the impact on health of this type of mining on nearby populations. Accordingly, it was conducted an extensive PM10 sampling campaign during the entirety of 2021 through a total of 248 filters placed in three villages close to the Rio Tinto district (Southwest Spain), which is one of the largest Cu mines in the world. A total of 58 major and trace elements were analysed, along with organic carbon/elemental carbon, cations, and anions. The mean PM10 concentrations were high during spring (47 μgPM10⋅m−3) and summer (56 μgPM10⋅m−3) in the population closest to the mine, wherein values surpassed the annual and daily limit values, but were lower in the other two villages. Moreover, high enrichment of As (annual maximum mean of 6.2 ng⋅m−3), Cu (70 ng⋅m−3), Pb (19 ng⋅m−3), and Zn (50 ng⋅m−3) was observed in all locations. A positive matrix factorization (PMF) was primarily used to assess the origins of this particulate matter, revealing that the impact of the mine reduced considerably over a long distance, with contributions ranging from 36% at the mine's outskirts to 8% further away from it, which coincides with the features of the mine during the abandonment phase (2001–2015). Despite this, the risk assessment revealed that the carcinogens were within the permissible exposure limits even in the closest village, indicating a minor concern for the inhabitants from a toxicological perspective.Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Huelva / CBUA

Probability of a successful platelet dose according to the number of platelet concentrates

Introduction: Platelet transfusion for prophylactic or therapeutic purposes is a common practice. The outcome evaluated in using platelets for prophylactic purposes has been preventing clinically significant bleeding. Transfusion guidelines recommend using platelet transfusion for prophylactic purposes based on the clinical scenario and a peripheral blood platelet threshold. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out, with the platelet count of the registry of quality control of platelet concentrates (PC), obtaining a total of 100. Age, sex, blood group, and peripheral blood platelets were compared with donors not included in quality control. The sum of the platelet count of all possible combinations of the 100 PCs was obtained for the 2-3 PCs scenarios and the 4-8 PCs scenarios, a simulation of 1,000,000 iterations with random sampling without replacement and the sum of the platelet count of the combinations obtained was performed. The proportion of successful doses in the distribution was obtained according to the number of PCs. Results: No statistically significant difference was found between donors included in quality control and those not included. The probability of administering a dose of ≥ 1.5 × 10^11 platelets is 97.33% and 99.99% for 3-4 PCs, respectively. Conclusions: This study may be useful for the physician who indicates PC for prophylactic purposes, using an appropriate number of PCs, and optimizing the available inventory

Fish abundance estimation with imaging sonar in semi-intensive aquaculture ponds

To know the abundance of fishes and their size distribution in the semi-intensive rearing systems in traditional ponds is an aspect key to plan and manage efficiently the sales lots. Usually this information is obtained by means of sampling which mandatory supposes a direct catch and stressful and time consuming management of fishes. Therefore, in this work we propose the use of non-invasive procedures based on multibeam sonars or imaging sonars to count and size the fishes in the ponds. For that, we use a commercial technology portable-fixed multibeam imaging sonar and estimate the abundance in ponds of a gilt-head seabream (Sparus aurata) fishfarm from sonar image analysis and adapting statistical methodologies traditionally applied for bird abundance estimation. Additionally, a simulation software was developed to emulate the fish aggregation contained in the rearing ponds. This computer program allows the calculation of an abundance correction factor which depends on the transducer beam size in relation to the pond size. The results indicate that the estimation is as accurate as the obtained by the fishfarm manager using traditional sampling methods and additionally it is possible to obtain a realistic function of the size distribution which allows estimate the biomass by size contained in the rearing ponds.This work was supported by KTTSeaDrones project (0622_KTTSEADRONES_5_E), cofunded by the European Regional Development Fund, ERDF, through the Interreg V-A Spain-Portugal program (POCTEP) 2014–2020. We would like to express our gratitude to Rafael Rodríguez Sierra (Manager of ‘Salinas del Astur’) for his willingness to carry out all the experiments of the KTTSeaDrones project at the ‘Salinas del Astur’ facilities. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Huelva/ CBUA

In vitro effect of the hydroalcoholic and ethanolic extracts of papaya seeds (Carica papaya) against Haemonchus contortus

1 recurso en línea (páginas 53-59).Among the main health problems for sheep production are gastrointestinal parasites, of which the most important nematode is Haemonchus contortus. Current control strategies focus on the effectiveness, along with the low impact on the ecosystem. The study of the integral control of parasites allows the investigation of alternatives with probable anthelmintic effect, such as the use of papaya (Carica papaya) seeds. This study aimed at evaluating the in vitro effect of hydroalcoholic and ethanolic extracts of papaya seeds on eggs and larvae of H. contortus. The study was carried out with the equipment and facilities of Laboratory 3 of the Multidisciplinary Research Unit at the Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, UNAM. The extracts were prepared through maceration in solvent. A sheep was inoculated with 5000 L3 of H. contortus, a strain isolated and maintained in the facilities. Fecal samples were collected, and eggs were recovered for the hatch inhibition assay. The eggs and L3 were pretreated with hydroalcoholic and ethanolic extract of papaya seed (2.5 mg/ml), distilled water, ethanol 90 %, and levamisole (7.5 mg/ml). The abomasal explants technique was used to evaluate the effect of the extracts on L3 and its association to the abomasal mucosa. An ANOVA was performed for repeated samples using the Statgraphics program. The ethanolic extract of the papaya seed inhibited 92 % of hatching, and the hydroalcoholic extract 50 % (p<0.05). In the case of the explants, the ethanolic extract showed 10 % of the larvae not associated with the abomasal tissue, followed by the hydroalcoholic extract with 60 % of non-associated larvae (p<0.05). In conclusion, the ethanolic extract has an effect on eggs, while the hydroalcoholic extract inhibits the association to the abomasal tissue.Entre los principales problemas sanitarios para la producción ovina están los parásitos gastroentéricos; de ellos, el más importante es Haemonchus contortus. Las estrategias actuales de control enfocan la eficacia, junto con el bajo o nulo impacto al ecosistema; el estudio del control integral de parásitos permite la investigación de alternativas con probable efecto antihelmíntico, entre ellas el uso de semilla de papaya (Carica papaya). El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto in vitro de los extractos hidroalcohólico y etanólico de la semilla de papaya (C. papaya) sobre huevos y larvas de H. contortus. El trabajo se llevó a cabo con el equipo e instalaciones del Laboratorio 3 de la Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria en la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, UNAM. Se elaboraron los extractos por medio de maceración en solvente. Se inoculó un ovino con 5000 larvas de tercer estadio (L3) de H. contortus, cepa aislada y mantenida en dichas instalaciones. Se tomaron muestras de materia fecal y se recuperaron huevos para el ensayo de inhibición de la eclosión. Los huevos y las L3 fueron pretratados con extracto hidroalcohólico y etanólico de semilla de papaya (2.5 mg/ml), agua destilada, etanol 90 % y levamisol (7.5 mg/ml). Se efectuó la técnica de explantes abomasales, evaluando el efecto de los extractos sobre las L3 y su asociación a la mucosa abomasal. Se realizó un ANOVA para muestras repetidas por medio del programa Statgraphics. El extracto etanólico de semilla de papaya mostró el 92 % de inhibición de la eclosión; el extracto hidroalcohólico mostró 50 % (p<0.05). En el caso de los explantes, el extracto etanólico mostró el 10 % de larvas no asociadas al tejido abomasal, seguido por el extracto hidroalcohólico, con el 60 % de larvas no asociadas (p<0.05). Se concluye que el extracto etanólico tiene efecto sobre huevos, mientras que el extracto hidroalcohólico inhibe la asociación al tejido abomasal.Bibliografía: páginas 58-59

Tratamiento con HeberFERON® en pacientes con carcinoma basocelular del Hospital Docente Clínico Quirúrgico “Dr. Miguel Enríquez”, La Habana

Introduction: between two and three million new cases of basal cell carcinoma are reported worldwide each year, which can be treated in various ways, depending on the clinical variety, location and size of the lesion. There is a history of successful use of HeberFERON® as a therapeutic alternative for this type of skin neoplasm. Objective: to characterize clinically and epidemiologically the patients with basal cell carcinoma treated with HeberFERON® at the "Dr. Miguel Enríquez” Clinical Surgery Teaching Hospital in Havana.Method: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted to characterize patients with basal cell carcinoma treated with HeberFERON®, during the period January 2017 to December 2018. The universe consisted of 49 patients, no sample was used. Results: males predominated, the maximum age found was 96 years, skin phototype II prevailed, while the usual place of residence was urban. It was found that of the total of cases studied, 47 were primary tumors (95.91%), the most frequent location was on the cheeks and 40 patients received previous treatment with cryosurgery representing 81.63%. Conclusions: the predominant underlying disease was high blood pressure. The most common clinical subtype was nodular, as well as the histological one. The response to treatment was favorable in most of the cases treated with HeberFERON®.Introducción: cada año se reportan en el mundo entre dos y tres millones de nuevos casos del carcinoma basocelular, el cual puede tratarse de diversas formas, en dependencia de la variedad clínica, localización y tamaño de la lesión. Existen antecedentes del empleo exitoso del HeberFERON® como alternativa terapéutica para este tipo de cáncer cutáneo. Objetivo: caracterizar clínica y epidemiológicamente a los pacientes con carcinoma basocelular tratados con HeberFERON® en el Hospital Docente Clínico Quirúrgico “Dr. Miguel Enríquez”, de la provincia de La Habana. Método: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal dirigido a caracterizar los pacientes con carcinoma basocelular tratados con HeberFERON®, durante el período comprendido entre enero de 2017 a diciembre de 2018. El universo estuvo constituido por 49 pacientes, no se utilizó muestra. Resultados: predominó el sexo masculino, la edad máxima encontrada fue de 96 años, el fototipo cutáneo II fue el que prevaleció, mientras que el lugar de residencia habitual fue la urbana. Se encontró que, del total de casos estudiados, 47 eran tumores primarios para un 95,91 %; la localización más frecuente fue en las mejillas y 40 pacientes recibieron tratamiento previo con criocirugía, representando el 81,63 %.Conclusiones: la hipertensión arterial fue la enfermedad de base que predominó. El subtipo clínico más frecuente fue el nodular, al igual que el histológico. La respuesta al tratamiento fue favorable en la mayoría de los casos tratados con HeberFERON®

Treatment with HeberFERON® in patients with basal cell carcinoma at the "Dr. Miguel Enríquez” Clinical Surgery Teaching Hospital in Havana 2018

Introduction: between two and three million new cases of basal cell carcinoma are reported worldwide each year, which can be treated in various ways, depending on the clinical variety, location and size of the lesion. There is a history of successful use of HeberFERON® as a therapeutic alternative for this type of skin neoplasm. Objective: to characterize clinically and epidemiologically the patients with basal cell carcinoma treated with HeberFERON® at the "Dr. Miguel Enríquez” Clinical Surgery Teaching Hospital in Havana. Method: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted to characterize patients with basal cell carcinoma treated with HeberFERON®, during the period January 2017 to December 2018. The universe consisted of 49 patients, no sample was used. Results: males predominated, the maximum age found was 96 years, skin phototype II prevailed, while the usual place of residence was urban. It was found that of the total of cases studied, 47 were primary tumors (95.91%), the most frequent location was on the cheeks and 40 patients received previous treatment with cryosurgery representing 81.63%. Conclusions: the predominant underlying disease was high blood pressure. The most common clinical subtype was nodular, as well as the histological one. The response to treatment was favorable in most of the cases treated with HeberFERON®

Efecto in vitro de los extractos hidroalcohólico y etanólico de semilla de papaya (Carica papaya) en Haemonchus contortus

Among the main health problems for sheep production are gastrointestinal parasites, of which the most important nematode is Haemonchus contortus. Current control strategies focus on the effectiveness, along with the low impact on the ecosystem. The study of the integral control of parasites allows the investigation of alternatives with probable anthelmintic effect, such as the use of papaya (Carica papaya) seeds. This study aimed at evaluating the in vitro effect of hydroalcoholic and ethanolic extracts of papaya seeds on eggs and larvae of H. contortus. The study was carried out with the equipment and facilities of Laboratory 3 of the Multidisciplinary Research Unit at the Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, UNAM. The extracts were prepared through maceration in solvent. A sheep was inoculated with 5000 L3 of H. contortus, a strain isolated and maintained in the facilities. Fecal samples were collected, and eggs were recovered for the hatch inhibition assay. The eggs and L3 were pretreated with hydroalcoholic and ethanolic extract of papaya seed (2.5 mg/ml), distilled water, ethanol 90 %, and levamisole (7.5 mg/ml). The abomasal explants technique was used to evaluate the effect of the extracts on L3 and its association to the abomasal mucosa. An ANOVA was performed for repeated samples using the Statgraphics program. The ethanolic extract of the papaya seed inhibited 92 % of hatching, and the hydroalcoholic extract 50 % (p &lt;0.05). In the case of the explants, the ethanolic extract showed 10 % of the larvae not associated with the abomasal tissue, followed by the hydroalcoholic extract with 60 % of non-associated larvae (p&lt;0.05). In conclusion, the ethanolic extract has an effect on eggs, while the hydroalcoholic extract inhibits the association to the abomasal tissue.Entre los principales problemas sanitarios para la producción ovina están los parásitos gastroentéricos; de ellos, el más importante es Haemonchus contortus. Las estrategias actuales de control enfocan la eficacia, junto con el bajo o nulo impacto al ecosistema; el estudio del control integral de parásitos permite la investigación de alternativas con probable efecto antihelmíntico, entre ellas el uso de semilla de papaya (Carica papaya). El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto in vitro de los extractos hidroalcohólico y etanólico de la semilla de papaya (C. papaya) sobre huevos y larvas de H. contortus. El trabajo se llevó a cabo con el equipo e instalaciones del Laboratorio 3 de la Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria en la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, UNAM. Se elaboraron los extractos por medio de maceración en solvente. Se inoculó un ovino con 5000 larvas de tercer estadio (L3) de H. contortus, cepa aislada y mantenida en dichas instalaciones. Se tomaron muestras de materia fecal y se recuperaron huevos para el ensayo de inhibición de la eclosión. Los huevos y las L3 fueron pretratados con extracto hidroalcohólico y etanólico de semilla de papaya (2.5 mg/ml), agua destilada, etanol 90 % y levamisol (7.5 mg/ml). Se efectuó la técnica de explantes abomasales, evaluando el efecto de los extractos sobre las L3 y su asociación a la mucosa abomasal. Se realizó un ANOVA para muestras repetidas por medio del programa Statgraphics. El extracto etanólico de semilla de papaya mostró el 92 % de inhibición de la eclosión; el extracto hidroalcohólico mostró 50 % (p&lt;0.05). En el caso de los explantes, el extracto etanólico mostró el 10 % de larvas no asociadas al tejido abomasal, seguido por el extracto hidroalcohólico, con el 60 % de larvas no asociadas (p&lt;0.05). Se concluye que el extracto etanólico tiene efecto sobre huevos, mientras que el extracto hidroalcohólico inhibe la asociación al tejido abomasal

Complement component 3 as biomarker of disease activity and cardiometabolic risk factor in rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis.

Funder: Europeo de Desarrollo Regional de la Unión EuropeaFunder: Rheumatic Diseases NetworkOBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between complement component 3 (C3) and the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors and disease activity in the rheumatic diseases having the highest rates of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality: rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study including 200 RA, 80 PsA, 150 axSpA patients and 100 healthy donors. The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors [obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A (apoB/apoA) and atherogenic risks and hypertension] was analyzed. Serum complement C3 levels, inflammatory markers and disease activity were evaluated. Cluster analysis was performed to identify different phenotypes. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to assess the accuracy of complement C3 as biomarker of insulin resistance and disease activity was carried out. RESULTS: Levels of complement C3, significantly elevated in RA, axSpA and PsA patients, were associated with the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors. Hard clustering analysis identified two distinctive phenotypes of patients depending on the complement C3 levels and insulin sensitivity state. Patients from cluster 1, characterized by high levels of complement C3 displayed increased prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors and high disease activity. ROC curve analysis showed that non-obesity related complement C3 levels allowed to identify insulin resistant patients. CONCLUSIONS: Complement C3 is associated with the concomitant increased prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors in rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis. Thus, complement C3 should be considered a useful marker of insulin resistance and disease activity in these rheumatic disorders

Expression and Association of Hsp70, Hsp90 and p53 Thermal Shock Proteins in Breast Cancer

Introducción: En México, el cáncer de mama es la primera causa de muerte en mujeres. En el desarrollo del cáncer de mama, participan las proteínas de estrés térmico (Hsp); En particular la Hsp27, Hsp70 y Hsp90 que aseguran la sobrevida de las células cancerosas, y en algunos casos de cáncer de mama, se forman complejos de Hsp70 y Hsp90 con p53. P53 interviene en la regulación del ciclo celular y en la apoptosis, donde más del 50% de los tumores humanos contiene mutaciones de este gen, permitiendo que las células anormales proliferen dando como resultado cáncer. Objetivo: Analizar en muestras de cáncer de mama, la expresión y asociación de las proteínas Hsp70, Hsp90 y P53. Material y métodos: Se obtuvieron 15 muestras de tejido mamario mediante biopsia y/o cirugía (11 con cáncer de mama, 3 alteraciones de la mama y 1 control negativo), donde se analizó la expresión y asociación de las proteínas Hsp70, 90 y p53 mediante inmunoprecipitación, Western Blot-ECL. Resultados: Las proteínas Hsp70, Hsp90 y p53 se expresaron en todas las muestras de tejido mamario canceroso, siendo mayor la expresión de Hsp70 seguido de p53 y en menor cantidad la Hsp90, y al analizar su asociación, se encontró a la Hsp70 con Hsp90 y p53, en 6 muestras. Así mismo, en alteraciones de la glándula mamaria, se encontró una mayor expresión de Hsp70. Conclusiones: Las proteínas Hsp70, Hsp90 y p53 se sobreexpresan en tejido canceroso, y se asocian entre ellas en 66.6% de las muestras analizadas