Multidecadal climate variability over northern France during the past 500 years and its relation to large-scale atmospheric circulation

(IF 3.76; Q1)International audienceWe examine secular changes and multidecadal climate variability on a seasonal scale in northern France over the last 500 years and examine the extent to which they are driven by large‐scale atmospheric variability. Multiscale trend analysis and segmentation procedures show statistically significant increases of winter and spring precipitation amounts in Paris since the end of the 19th century. This changes the seasonal precipitation distribution from one with a pronounced summer peak at the end of the Little Ice Age to an almost uniform distribution in the 20th century. This switch is linked to an early warming trend in winter temperature. Changes in spring precipitation are also correlated with winter precipitation for time scales greater than 50 years, which suggests a seasonal persistence. Hydrological modelling results show similar rising trends in river flow for the Seine at Paris. However, such secular trends in the seasonal climatic conditions over northern France are substantially modulated by irregular multidecadal (50–80 years) fluctuations. Furthermore, since the end of the 19th century, we find an increasing variance in multidecadal hydroclimatic winter and spring, and this coincides with an increase in the multidecadal North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) variability, suggesting a significant influence of large‐scale atmospheric circulation patterns. However, multidecadal NAO variability has decreased in summer. Using Empirical Orthogonal Function analysis, we detect multidecadal North Atlantic sea‐level pressure anomalies, which are significantly linked to the NAO during the Modern period. In particular, a south‐eastward (south‐westward) shift of the Icelandic Low (Azores High) drives substantial multidecadal changes in spring. Wetter springs are likely to be driven by potential changes in moisture advection from the Atlantic, in response to northward shifts of North Atlantic storm tracks over European regions, linked to periods of positive NAO. Similar, but smaller, changes in rainfall are observed in winter

Design and analysis of cross vaults along history

The history of cross vaults began almost 2,000 years ago with a widespread use during the Middle Ages and Renaissance, becoming nowadays one of the most diffused and fascinating structural typologies of the European building cultural heritage. However, conversely to the undeniable excellence achieved by the ancient masons, the structural behavior of these elements is still at the center of the scientific debate. In this regard, with the aim of reviewing the knowledge on this subject as a concise and valuable support for researchers involved in conservation of historical buildings, with a focus on design rules and structural analysis, the present study firstly introduces the cross vaults from a historical perspective, by describing the evolution of the main geometrical shapes together with basic practical rules used to size them. Then, the article deals with the subsequent advancements in structural analysis methods of vaults, until the development of modern limit analysis.This work was partially carried out under the program "Dipartimento di Protezione Civile - Consorzio RELUIS", signed on 2013-12-27.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Graphical evidence for the solar coronal structure during the Maunder minimum: comparative study of the total eclipse drawings in 1706 and 1715

We discuss the significant implications of three eye-witness drawings of the total solar eclipse on 1706 May 12 in comparison with two on 1715 May 3, for our understanding of space climate change. These events took place just after what has been termed the “deep Maunder Minimum” but fall within the “extended Maunder Minimum” being in an interval when the sunspot numbers start to recover. Maria Clara Eimmert’s image in 1706 is particularly important because she was both a highly accomplished astronomical observer and an excellent artist: it was thought lost and was only re- discovered in 2012. Being the earliest coronal drawings of observational value yet identified, these drawings corroborate verbal accounts a corona without significant streamers, seen at totality of this and another eclipse event in 1652 during the Maunder Minimum. The graphical evidence implies that the coronal solar magnetic field was not lost but significantly weakened and the lack of coronal structure means there was little discernable open flux (either polar or at lower latitudes) even during the recovery phase of the Maunder Minimum. These observations provide evidence for a different state of oscillation of the solar dynamo and hence behaviour of the Sun in comparison with that during normal solar cycle minima (when a streamer belt between two polar coronal holes is visible) or near normal sunspot maxima (when coronal structure is caused by coronal holes at all latitudes) even to observers without a telescope

İki çocuğun devr-i alemi, aded 70: Mütdiş adam

Eser Formalar Halinde Yayınlanmış Olup Her Formada Sayfa Numarası Yeniden Verilmiştir. Eserin Arka Kapağında "İkbâl Kütübhanesi Tarafından Neşr Edilecek Şarlo Polis Hafiyesinin" Listesi Vardır. Eserin Sonundaki İlave Sayfada Eser Tanıtımları Vardır. Eserde "İstanbul Eğitim Enstitüsü Kitaplığı" Ve "İstanbul Erkek Muallim Mektebi Kütübhanesi, 1341" Mühürleri Vardır

İki çocuğun devr-i alemi, aded 71: Son sergüzeşt

Eser Formalar Halinde Yayınlanmış Olup Her Formada Sayfa Numarası Yeniden Verilmiştir. Eserin Arka Kapağında "İkbâl Kütübhanesi Tarafından Neşr Edilecek Şarlo Polis Hafiyesinin" Listesi Vardır. Eserin Sonundaki İlave Sayfalarda "İkbâl Kütübhanesi'nin Yeni Kitabları'nın Listesi Vardır. Eserde "İstanbul Eğitim Enstitüsü Kitaplığı" Ve "İstanbul Erkek Muallim Mektebi Kütübhanesi, 1341" Mühürleri Vardır

İki çocuğun devr-i alemi, aded 64: Yirmi sergüzeşt

Eser Formalar Halinde Yayınlanmış Olup Her Formada Sayfa Numarası Yeniden Verilmiştir. Eserin Arka Kapağında "İkbâl Kütübhanesi'nin Yeni Teceddüd Haritalarının" Listesi Vardır. Eserin Sonundaki İlave Sayfada Eser Tanıtımları Vardır. Eserde "İstanbul Eğitim Enstitüsü Kitaplığı" Ve "İstanbul Erkek Muallim Mektebi Kütübhanesi, 1341" Mühürleri Vardır

İki çocuğun devr-i alemi, aded 67: Yıldızlı koşu

Eser Formalar Halinde Yayınlanmış Olup Her Formada Sayfa Numarası Yeniden Verilmiştir. Eserin Arka Kapağında "İkbâl Kütübhanesi Tarafından Neşr Edilecek Şarlo Polis Hafiyesinin" Listesi Vardır. Eserin Sonundaki İlave Sayfada Eser Tanıtımları Vardır. Eserde "İstanbul Eğitim Enstitüsü Kitaplığı" Ve "İstanbul Erkek Muallim Mektebi Kütübhanesi, 1341" Mühürleri Vardır

İki çocuğun devr-i alemi, aded 68: Kara tilki çiftliği

Eser Formalar Halinde Yayınlanmış Olup Her Formada Sayfa Numarası Yeniden Verilmiştir. Eserin Arka Kapağında "İkbâl Kütübhanesi Tarafından Neşr Edilecek Şarlo Polis Hafiyesinin" Listesi Vardır. Eserin Sonundaki İlave Sayfada Eser Tanıtımları Vardır. Eserde "İstanbul Eğitim Enstitüsü Kitaplığı" Ve "İstanbul Erkek Muallim Mektebi Kütübhanesi, 1341" Mühürleri Vardır

İki çocuğun devr-i alemi, aded 62: Kırmızı Köpek Meyhanesi

Eser Formalar Halinde Yayınlanmış Olup Her Formada Sayfa Numarası Yeniden Verilmiştir. Eserin Arka Kapağında "İkbâl Kütübhanesi'nin Yeni Teceddüd Haritalarının" Listesi Vardır. Eserin Sonundaki İlave Sayfada Eser Tanıtımları Vardır. Eserde "İstanbul Eğitim Enstitüsü Kitaplığı" Ve "İstanbul Erkek Muallim Mektebi Kütübhanesi, 1341" Mühürleri Vardır

İki çocuğun devr-i alemi, aded 61: Son kabile

Eser Formalar Halinde Yayınlanmış Olup Her Formada Sayfa Numarası Yeniden Verilmiştir. Eserin Arka Kapağında "İkbâl Kütübhanesi'nin Yeni Teceddüd Haritalarının" Listesi Vardır. Eserin Sonundaki İlave Sayfada Eserin Renkli Kapakları İle İlgili İzahat Vardır. Eserde "İstanbul Eğitim Enstitüsü Kitaplığı" Ve "İstanbul Erkek Muallim Mektebi Kütübhanesi, 1341" Mühürleri Vardır