Exploitation démographique d’une liste nominative unique : L’exemple de l’île de Saint-Barthélemy en 1840

Cet article présente une évaluation de l’état d’une population et les principaux paramétres qui le modifient en utilisant les données fournies par une seule liste nominative.Deux approches sont utilisées, qui aboutissent à des résultats compatibles. La première se fonde sur les données agrégées c’est-à-dire la structure par âge et sexe de la population; la seconde a pour point de départ la structure des ménages et les liens entre les individus qui les composent.L’étude est réalisée à partir du recensement de la population effectué en 1840 â l’île Saint-Barthélémy, dans les Petites Antilles

De l’utilisation par Statistique Canada de la méthode des propres enfants pour mesurer la fécondité actuelle

Statistique Canada publiait récemment un bulletin spécial portant sur la fécondité actuelle des femmes non-célibataires mesurée à l'aide de « taux des propres enfants ». La « Own-Children Method », puisque c’est d’elle qu'il s’agit ici, a été conçue pour pallier l’inexistence ou les insuffisances de l’état civil. On peut, bien sûr, s’interroger sur sa contribution à la connaissance de la fécondité dans un pays à bonnes statistiques comme le Canada et ce serait déjà la un premier élément de critique du bulletin mentionné. Toutefois, dans cet article, c’est le mode d’application de la méthode par Statistique Canada que nous commentons. Il apparaît qu’un souci excessif d’éviter des biais mineurs compromet la représentativité de l’échantillon retenu et limite considérablement les analyses de fécondité auxquelles cette publication est destinée

Gaia Data Release 3: Gaia scan-angle-dependent signals and spurious periods

Context. Gaia Data Release 3 (Gaia DR3) time series data may contain spurious signals related to the time-dependent scan angle. Aims. We aim to explain the origin of scan-angle-dependent signals and how they can lead to spurious periods, provide statistics to identify them in the data, and suggest how to deal with them in Gaia DR3 data and in future releases. Methods. Using real Gaia (DR3) data alongside numerical and analytical models, we visualise and explain the features observed in the data. Results. We demonstrated with Gaia (DR3) data that source structure (multiplicity or extendedness) or pollution from close-by bright objects can cause biases in the image parameter determination from which photometric, astrometric, and (indirectly) radial velocity time series are derived. These biases are a function of the time-dependent scan direction of the instrument and thus can introduce scan-angle-dependent signals, which due to the scanning-law-induced sampling of Gaia can result in specific spurious periodic signals. Numerical simulations in which a period search is performed on Gaia time series with a scan-angle-dependent signal qualitatively reproduce the general structure observed in the spurious period distribution of photometry and astrometry, and the associated spatial distributions on the sky. A variety of statistics allows for the deeper understanding and identification of affected sources. Conclusions. The origin of the scan-angle-dependent signals and subsequent spurious periods is well understood and is mostly caused by fixed-orientation optical pairs with a separation < 0.5'' (including binaries with P ≈ 5 y) and (cores of) distant galaxies. Although most of the sources with affected derived parameters have been filtered out from the Gaia archive nss-two-body-orbit and several vari-tables, Gaia DR3 data remain that should be treated with care (no sources were filtered from gaia-source). Finally, the various statistics discussed in the paper can be used to identify and filter affected sources and also reveal new information about them that is not available through other means, especially in terms of binarity on sub-arcsecond scale.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Restauração do círculo meridiano de Gautier e reabilitação do pavilhão correspondente: Museu de Astronomia e Ciências Afins (MAST)

MAST is a science and technology museum located on the premises of and within\ud the architectural complex belonging to the former National Observatory of Rio de Janeiro.\ud Soon after the museum was created, the historical heritage existing there which pertains to\ud a significant period of the history of science in Brazil was listed by the Brazilian National\ud Heritage Institute (Iphan) and the Rio de Janeiro State Cultural Heritage Institute (Inepac) in\ud 1986 and 1987, respectively. The listed heritage comprises 16 buildings as well as a\ud collection of scientific instruments and other significant artifacts, including a collection of\ud furniture. Following on from previous interventions on the instruments in the collection and the\ud astronomy domes within the campus, the restoration and rehabilitation of significant parts of\ud the listed heritage under MASTs responsibility were made possible through a partnership with\ud VITAE Foundation. The project was carried out by a multidisciplinary team and based on\ud historical research into the meridian circle and its shelter over a period of three years. It was\ud accompanied by an exhaustive photographic recording of each stage of the project, including\ud a diagnosis of the instrument is upkeep and its restoration, the rehabilitation of the pavilion,\ud and the replacement of the instrument to its original position, as well as a description of the\ud museum to provide the visitors with information about the restoration work carried out. It should\ud be noted that the restored instrument was at great risk of being lost, as it had been left\ud disassembled since the 1960s, and the top part of the dome that sheltered it had been\ud demolished in the 1980s, leaving just a vestibule and the base of the dome, part of which\ud was in danger of collapsing. The rationale behind this intervention was not to put the instrument\ud back in working order, but to allow it to be viewed and understood by the public within the\ud museum space that was created. The project highlighted the objects power of communication.\ud As for the dome, a shelter was built for the instrument using a metal cover similar to the original\ud in volume and appearance, but with a different function, i.e. it is no longer designed for\ud astronomical investigation, but rather to protect the exhibition space and merge harmoniously\ud with the rest of the listed architectural complex

Effect of Tocilizumab vs Usual Care in Adults Hospitalized With COVID-19 and Moderate or Severe Pneumonia

International audienceImportance Severe pneumonia with hyperinflammation and elevated interleukin-6 is a common presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Objective To determine whether tocilizumab (TCZ) improves outcomes of patients hospitalized with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 pneumonia.Design, Setting, and Particpants This cohort-embedded, investigator-initiated, multicenter, open-label, bayesian randomized clinical trial investigating patients with COVID-19 and moderate or severe pneumonia requiring at least 3 L/min of oxygen but without ventilation or admission to the intensive care unit was conducted between March 31, 2020, to April 18, 2020, with follow-up through 28 days. Patients were recruited from 9 university hospitals in France. Analyses were performed on an intention-to-treat basis with no correction for multiplicity for secondary outcomes.Interventions Patients were randomly assigned to receive TCZ, 8 mg/kg, intravenously plus usual care on day 1 and on day 3 if clinically indicated (TCZ group) or to receive usual care alone (UC group). Usual care included antibiotic agents, antiviral agents, corticosteroids, vasopressor support, and anticoagulants.Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcomes were scores higher than 5 on the World Health Organization 10-point Clinical Progression Scale (WHO-CPS) on day 4 and survival without need of ventilation (including noninvasive ventilation) at day 14. Secondary outcomes were clinical status assessed with the WHO-CPS scores at day 7 and day 14, overall survival, time to discharge, time to oxygen supply independency, biological factors such as C-reactive protein level, and adverse events.Results Of 131 patients, 64 patients were randomly assigned to the TCZ group and 67 to UC group; 1 patient in the TCZ group withdrew consent and was not included in the analysis. Of the 130 patients, 42 were women (32%), and median (interquartile range) age was 64 (57.1-74.3) years. In the TCZ group, 12 patients had a WHO-CPS score greater than 5 at day 4 vs 19 in the UC group (median posterior absolute risk difference [ARD] −9.0%; 90% credible interval [CrI], −21.0 to 3.1), with a posterior probability of negative ARD of 89.0% not achieving the 95% predefined efficacy threshold. At day 14, 12% (95% CI −28% to 4%) fewer patients needed noninvasive ventilation (NIV) or mechanical ventilation (MV) or died in the TCZ group than in the UC group (24% vs 36%, median posterior hazard ratio [HR] 0.58; 90% CrI, 0.33-1.00), with a posterior probability of HR less than 1 of 95.0%, achieving the predefined efficacy threshold. The HR for MV or death was 0.58 (90% CrI, 0.30 to 1.09). At day 28, 7 patients had died in the TCZ group and 8 in the UC group (adjusted HR, 0.92; 95% CI 0.33-2.53). Serious adverse events occurred in 20 (32%) patients in the TCZ group and 29 (43%) in the UC group (P = .21).Conclusions and Relevance In this randomized clinical trial of patients with COVID-19 and pneumonia requiring oxygen support but not admitted to the intensive care unit, TCZ did not reduce WHO-CPS scores lower than 5 at day 4 but might have reduced the risk of NIV, MV, or death by day 14. No difference on day 28 mortality was found. Further studies are necessary for confirming these preliminary results.Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0433180

Effect of anakinra versus usual care in adults in hospital with COVID-19 and mild-to-moderate pneumonia (CORIMUNO-ANA-1): a randomised controlled trial

International audienc

Sarilumab in adults hospitalised with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 pneumonia (CORIMUNO-SARI-1): An open-label randomised controlled trial

International audienc