Análise integrada do ciclo produtivo de galinhas reprodutoras

Dissertação de Mestrado em Tecnologias da Produção AnimalA carne de ave tem ocupado um lugar de destaque no panorama mundial, tendo crescido de forma "exponencial". A pressão económica e aumento de custos de produção têm obrigado as empresas avícolas a um maior controlo sobre todos os processos produtivos, como o rendimento de carcaça, sendo alcançado pela eficiência alimentar do pinto do carne, obtido pela constante evolução genética dos seus pais. Para baixar custos, as empresas começaram a trabalhar num sistema integrado e vertical, onde podem acompanhar com maior rigor e profissionalismo e especialização todo o processo produtivo. Os animais de alto rendimento, onde o macho e a fêmea reprodutora têm um papel fundamental para o crescimento "meteórico" do frango de carne, onde a genética tem evoluído nos últimos anos de forma a garantir um maior rendimento de carcaça. Realizou-se o estudo de 22 lotes de galinhas reprodutoras de duas estirpes diferentes (Ross 308 e Cobb 500) ao longo de 3 anos com o objetivo de analisar diferenças produtivas entre estirpes, relacionar e estudar as influências do maneio e variáveis de cria-recria com o maneio e variáveis de produção. Em cria-recria verificou-se não haver influências significativas entre estirpes, bem como em explorações e nos diferentes anos em causa, muito devido às excelentes condições ambientais proporcionadas aos animais durante todo o ano. Em produção as principais diferenças verificaram-se entre estirpes, com a Ross 308 a ter maior percentagem de ovos postos e incubáveis, e a fazer com que nem uma maior fertilidade e eclosibilidade da Cobb 500 tenha conseguido chegar ao maior número de pintos por fêmea alojada por parte da Ross 308. Analisando e relacionando variáveis de cria-recria com variáveis de produção, verificou-se que não há resultados significativos entre variáreis que nos levem a concluir, de forma absoluta, a influência da cria-recria nas variáveis produtivas na produção.ABSTRACT: The poultry meat has occupied a prominent place on the world stage, having grown "exponentially". Economic pressure and increasing production costs have forced the poultry company's greater control over all processes, such as carcass yield, and feed efficiency achieved by the dick meat obtained by constant evolution of their genetic parents. To lower costs, companies began to work in an integrated and vertical, where they can follow up with more rigor and professionalism and expertise throughout the production process. The animals of high yield, where the male and female reproductive have a key role in the 'meteoric' growth of meat chicken, where genetics has evolved in recent years to ensure a higher carcass yield. We conducted the study to 22 batches of hens of two different strains (Ross 308 and Cobb 500)over three and study the influences of management variables in rearing breeders and the management and production variables. In rearing breeders found not to be significant influences between strains as well as various holding and relevant years, largely due to the excellent environmental conditions offered to the animals throughout the year. In production the major differences were observed between strains, with Ross 308 having a higher percentage of eggs and hatching eggs, and cause a greater fertility and hatchability of Coob 500 has failed to reach the greatest number of chicks per female per hosted part of Ross 308. Analyzing and correlating variables rearing breeders with production variables, it was found that no significant results betwen variables that lead us to conclude rearing breeders the influence of the production variables in production

Atividades Lúdicas e Recursos Audiovisuais para o Ensino de Língua Inglesa / Playful Activities and Audiovisual Resources for English Language Teaching

O seguinte estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o aproveitamento prático de atividades lúdicas e recursos audiovisuais para o aprendizado dos alunos, procurando usar o equilíbrio desses recursos além dos tradicionais numa tentativa de sanar algumas dificuldades existentes no processo de ensino-aprendizado: tais como: motivação , dificuldades de assimilação dos conteúdos, interação etc. As atividades aqui propostas foram realizadas na Escola Estadual Antônio Gomes na cidade de João Câmara-RN, em uma turma de 1ª Série do ensino médio. Os materiais foram confeccionados por nós mesmos e a professora Luciana Bernardo, de acordo com a proposição do professor, que nos acolheu em sala de aula e fontes bibliográficas como internet e livros propondo maneiras lúdicas de abordar determinado conteúdo. Como atividades focaram estudo de vocabulário, ora por meio de músicas, ora por jogos, como também atividades que revisassem esses vocabulários para estudos de gramaticais. O professor deve procurar maneiras de aproximar de maneira mais individual, personalizada o conhecimento do aluno, para que ele se torne sujeito de sua aprendizagem. Nosso projeto envolveu mais os alunos com o conteúdo, e a assistência externa dada à sala foi importante para o melhor aproximar o educador do educando

Tradução de “Uma conversa solitária: um olhar Bakhtiniano sobre ‘Dagon’, De H. P. Lovecraft” de Isaac Aday

This is a translation of the article titled "Solitary conversation: A Bakhtinian exploration of H. P. Lovecraft's 'Dagon'" by Isaac Aday. H. P. Lovecraft’s stories are often investigated for their ability to inculcate horror, and only rarely examined in terms of form, structure, and language. Breaking from this critical paradigm, the present paper engages Lovecraft’s classic tale ‘Dagon’ with Mikhail Bakhtin’s concept of “polyphony,” recognizing the solitary narrator not as one single voice, but rather multiple fully valid voices. In so doing, this piece arrives at a new understanding of dialogue and voice in Lovecraft’s writing which might influence how we read his other works, if not horror in general. Directions for future research are also included.This is a translation of the article titled "Solitary conversation: A Bakhtinian exploration of H. P. Lovecraft's 'Dagon'" by Isaac Aday. H. P. Lovecraft’s stories are often investigated for their ability to inculcate horror, and only rarely examined in terms of form, structure, and language. Breaking from this critical paradigm, the present paper engages Lovecraft’s classic tale ‘Dagon’ with Mikhail Bakhtin’s concept of “polyphony,” recognizing the solitary narrator not as one single voice, but rather multiple fully valid voices. In so doing, this piece arrives at a new understanding of dialogue and voice in Lovecraft’s writing which might influence how we read his other works, if not horror in general. Directions for future research are also included.Esta é uma tradução do artigo intitulado "Solitary conversation: A Bakhtinian exploration of H. P. Lovecraft’s ‘Dagon’" de Isaac Aday. As histórias de H. P. Lovecraft são frequentemente estudadas por sua capacidade de inculcar horror, e raramente examinadas em termos de forma, estrutura e linguagem. Rompendo com esse paradigma crítico, o presente artigo emprega o conceito de polifonia de Mikhail Bakhtin (2010) ao conto clássico de Lovecraft, “Dagon”, reconhecendo o narrador solitário não como uma única voz, mas como múltiplas vozes igualmente válidas. Chega assim a uma nova compreensão do diálogo e da voz na escrita de Lovecraft, que pode influenciar a forma como lemos suas outras obras, se não o horror em geral. Após essa análise, direções para pesquisas futuras também estão incluídas

Educação física escolar e conteúdos: uma análise comparativa

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os conteúdos da Educação Física Escolar e sua importância na opinião de alunos e ex-alunos. Foram entrevistados quatro Sujeitos, divididos em dois Grupos: Grupo 1, com dois indivíduos entre 13 e 15 anos, que fazem Educação Física atualmente e Grupo 2, com dois indivíduos entre 42 e 45 anos, que fizeram Educação Física por volta dos anos 70.          Metodologia. Os resultados obtidos no Grupo 1 demonstram que tinham como conteúdo prioritário o futebol e as modalidades esportivas tradicionais, que queriam conteúdos diversificados e/ou diferentes e alegam que a Educação Física não teve  importância nenhuma, mas que gostavam das aulas, pois era um momento diferente, ou seja, de “lazer”. Já os resultados do Grupo 2 mostram que os indivíduos vivenciaram uma Educação Física tradicional, davam grande importância aos conteúdos, carregavam consigo boas lembranças das aulas, fizeram muitos amigos, aprenderam alguns jogos, desenvolveram habilidades motoras e atitudes de amizade e de respeito. Logo, essa análise das duas gerações nos permite perceber que, independente do conteúdo, o que faz a Educação Física significativa é a postura compromissada do profissional em relação ao desenvolvimento de seus alunos de maneira integral

Is dynapenic abdominal obesity a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality? A competing risk analysis

BACKGROUND: Dynapenic abdominal obesity has been shown as a risk factor for all-cause mortality in older adults. However, there is no evidence on the association between this condition and cardiovascular mortality. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate whether dynapenic abdominal obesity is associated with cardiovascular mortality in individuals aged 50 and older. METHODS: A longitudinal study with an 8-year follow-up was conducted involving 7,030 participants of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing study. Abdominal obesity and dynapenia were respectively defined based on waist circumference (> 102 cm for men and > 88 cm for women) and grip strength (< 26 kg for men and < 16 kg for women). The sample was divided into four groups: non-dynapenic/non-abdominal obesity (ND/NAO), non-dynapenic/abdominal obesity (ND/AO), dynapenic/non-abdominal obesity (D/NAO) and dynapenic/abdominal obesity (D/AO). The outcome was cardiovascular mortality. The Fine-Grey regression model was used to estimate the risk of cardiovascular mortality as a function of abdominal obesity and dynapenia status in the presence of competing events controlled by socio-demographic, behavioural and clinical variables. RESULTS: The risk of cardiovascular mortality was significantly higher in individuals with D/AO compared with ND/NAO (SHR 1.85; 95% CI: 1.15-2.97). D/NAO was also associated with cardiovascular mortality (SHR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.08-2.44). CONCLUSION: Dynapenic abdominal obesity is associated with cardiovascular mortality, with a larger effect size compared to dynapenia alone in individuals older than 50 years. Thus, prevention strategies and clinical interventions that enable mitigating the harmful effects of these conditions should be adopted to diminish such risk

Sex Differences in Vitamin D Status as a Risk Factor for Incidence of Disability in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living: Evidence from the ELSA Cohort Study

Vitamin D deficiency compromises elements underlying the disability process; however, there is no evidence demonstrating the association between vitamin D deficiency and the incidence of disability in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). We investigated the association between vitamin D deficiency and the risk of incidence of IADL disability separately in men and women. A total of 4768 individuals aged ≥50 years from the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA) and without IADL disability according to the Lawton scale were available. Vitamin D was evaluated at baseline by serum 25(OH)D concentrations and classified as sufficient (>50 nmol/L), insufficient (>30 to ≤50 nmol/L) or deficient serum (≤30 nmol/L). IADL were reassessed after 4 years. Poisson models stratified by sex and controlled by covariates demonstrated that deficient serum 25(OH)D was a risk factor for the incidence of IADL disability in men (IRR: 1.43; 95% CI 1.02, 2.00), but not in women (IRR: 1.23; 95% CI 0.94, 1.62). Men appear to be more susceptible to the effect of vitamin D deficiency on the incidence of IADL disability, demonstrating the importance of early clinical investigation of serum 25(OH)D concentrations to prevent the onset of disability

Combination of dynapenia and abdominal obesity affects long-term physical performance trajectories in older adults: Sex differences

BACKGROUND: There is little epidemiological evidence of sex differences in the association between dynapenic abdominal obesity and the decline in physical performance among older adults. OBJECTIVE: The aims of the present study were to investigate whether the decline in physical performance is worse in individuals with dynapenic abdominal obese and whether there are sex differences in this association. METHODS: Out of 6,183 individuals aged 60 years or older from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, 2,308 participants with missing data were excluded. Therefore, a longitudinal analysis was conducted with 3,875 older adults. Abdominal obesity was determined based on waist circumference (>102 cm for male and >88 cm for female) and dynapenia was based on grip strength (<26 kg for male <16 kg for female). The sample was divided into four groups: non-dynapenic/non-abdominal obesity (ND/NAO), non-dynapenic/abdominal obesity (ND/AO), dynapenic/non-abdominal obesity (D/NAO) and dynapenic/abdominal obesity (D/AO). Decline in physical performance in an eight-year follow-up period was analyzed using generalized linear mixed models. RESULTS: At baseline, both male (-1.11 points; 95% CI: -1.58, -0.65; p <0.001) and female (-1.39 points; 95% CI: -1.76, -1.02; p <0.001) with D/AO had worse performances on the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) than their counterparts in the ND/NAO group. Over the eight-year follow-up, male with D/AO had a faster rate of decline in the SPPB performance compared to male in the ND/NAO group (-0.11 points per year; 95% CI: -0.21, -0.01; p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: D/AO is associated with a stronger decline in physical performance in male but not female. The identification and management of dynapenic abdominal obesity may be essential to avoiding the first signs of functional impairment in older male

Relating Side Chain Organization of PNIPAm with its Conformation in Aqueous Methanol

Combining nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and μs long all-atom simulations with two million particles, we establish a delicate correlation between increased side chain organization of PNIPAm and its collapse in aqueous methanol mixtures. We find that the preferential binding of methanol with PNIPAm side chains, bridging distal monomers along the polymer backbone, results in increased organization. Furthermore, methanol–PNIPAm preferential binding is dominated by hydrogen bonding. Our findings reveal that the collapse of PNIPAm is dominated by enthalpic interactions and that the standard poor solvent (entropic) effects play no major role

Are Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Deficiency and Insufficiency Risk Factors for the Incidence of Dynapenia?

Epidemiological evidence showing the association between low 25(OH)D and age-related reduction in neuromuscular strength (dynapenia) is a paucity and controversial and, to date, the effect of osteoporosis and vitamin D supplementation on these associations has not been measured. Thus, we analyze whether serum 25(OH)D deficiency and insufficiency are risk factors for the incidence of dynapenia in individuals aged 50 or older and whether osteoporosis or vitamin D supplementation modify these associations. For that, 3205 participants of the ELSA study who were non-dynapenic at baseline were followed for 4 years. Vitamin D was measured at baseline by the serum concentration of 25(OH)D and classified as sufficient (> 50 nmol/L), insufficient (≥ 30 and ≤ 50 nmol/L) or deficient (< 30 nmol/L). The incidence of dynapenia was determined by a grip strength < 26 kg for men and < 16 kg for women at the end of the 4-year follow-up. Poisson regression models were adjusted by sociodemographic, behavioral, clinical and biochemical characteristics. Serum 25(OH)D deficient was a risk factor for the incidence of dynapenia (IRR = 1.70; 95% CI 1.04-2.79). When only individuals without osteoporosis and those who did not use vitamin D supplementation were analyzed, both serum 25(OH)D deficiency (IRR = 1.78; 95% CI 1.01-3.13) and insufficiency (IRR = 1.77; 95% CI 1.06-2.94) were risk factors for the incidence of dynapenia. In conclusion, a serum level of 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/L is a risk factor for the incidence of dynapenia. Among individuals without osteoporosis and those who do not take vitamin D supplementation, the threshold of risk is higher (≤ 50 nmol/L)

Marine data management in the Brazilian context

In a context of rapidly growing demand of information and production of technical and scientific knowledge about biotic and abiotic parameters of marine and coastal environments, the process of design integrated databases programs and geo-portals for disseminating information becomes imperative. Although isolated efforts have been proposed in recent years in Brazil, the creation of broadly accessible databases seems inevitable. Furthermore, the peculiarities of acquisition and processing marine data (expensive, complex and dynamic) demand an optimization of time and resources for new research projects and knowledge basis. In this work we address this issue contextualizing the demands for the implementation and marine data modelling projects, focusing on theoretical and practical aspects providing guidelines and connectivities establishing future efforts towards the dissemination of marine and coastal information in Brazil.Em um contexto de franco crescimento de demanda e produção de conhecimento técnico e cientifico a respeito de parâmetros bióticos e abióticos de ambientes marinhos e costeiros, a concepção de programas de desenvolvimento de bancos de dados e geo-portais de disseminação de informação torna-se imperativa. Embora apenas esforços pontuais tenham sido propostos nos últimos anos, a criação de bases de dados de acesso mais amplo parece inevitável tendo em vista as peculiaridades práticas de aquisição e processamento de dados marinhos: caros, complexos e dinâmicos. Este trabalho pretende abordar tal questão contextualizando as necessidades e demandas para projetos desta natureza, focando aspectos teóricos e práticos da implementação de modelos de dados marinhos propondo diretrizes para que esforços futuros sejam estabelecidos visando a disseminação da informação marinha e costeira no Brasil.212