Local translation in nervous system pathologies

[EN] Dendrites and axons can extend dozens to hundreds of centimeters away from the cell body so that a single neuron can sense and respond to thousands of stimuli. Thus, for an accurate function of dendrites and axons the neuronal proteome needs to be asymmetrically distributed within neurons. Protein asymmetry can be achieved by the transport of the protein itself or the transport of the mRNA that is then translated at target sites in neuronal processes. The latter transport mechanism implies local translation of localized mRNAs. The role of local translation in nervous system (NS) development and maintenance is well established, but recently there is growing evidence that this mechanism and its deregulation are also relevant in NS pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases. For instance, upon pathological signals diseaserelated proteins can be locally synthesized in dendrites and axons. Locally synthesized proteins can exert their effects at or close to the site of translation, or they can be delivered to distal compartments like the nucleus and induce transcriptional responses that lead to neurodegeneration, nerve regeneration and other cell-wide responses. Relevant key players in the process of local protein synthesis are RNA binding proteins (RBPs), responsible for mRNA transport to neurites. Several neurological and neurodegenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or spinal motor atrophy, are characterized by mutations in genes encoding for RBPs and consequently mRNA localization and local translation are impaired. In other diseases changes in the local mRNA repertoire and altered local protein synthesis have been reported. In this review, we will discuss how deregulation of localized translation at different levels can contribute to the development and progression of nervous system pathologies.This work was partially funded by grants awarded to JB (MICINN grants SAF2016-76347-R, RYC-2016-19837, and PID2019-110721RB-I00; The Alzheimer’s Association grants AARG-19-618303 and AARG-19-618303-RAPID). MG and AC are GV fellows; MB-U is a UPV/EHU fellow

Noise disturbance and well-being in the north of Spain

Environmental noise is considered one of the main risks for physical and mental health and well-being, with a significant associated burden of disease in Europe. This work aims to explore the main sources of noise exposure at home and its effect on well-being in northern Spain. A transversal opinion study has been performed through a closed questionnaire. The questionnaire included three different parts: sociodemographic data, noise disturbance, and the 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5). A Binary Logistics Regression model was performed to analyze the relationship between noise exposure and well-being. Overall, 16.6% of the participants consider that the noise isolation of their homes is bad or very bad. The noise generated by the neighbors (air and impact noise) is considered the most disturbing indoor noise source, while street works are the most disturbing outdoor noise source in urban areas and road traffic is the most disturbing in rural areas. People who indicate that noise interferes with their life at home have a worse score on the WHO-5 (decreased perception of well-being). The exposure to outdoor noise (specifically the noise coming from the street and trains), internal impact noise produced by neighbors, and in general, the noise that wakes you up, is related to receiving a worse score in the WHO-5 (p < 0.05). Administrative bodies must ensure that laws regulating at-home noise levels, which are continually being updated with stricter restrictions, are enforced.Funding: This work was partially supported by the Government of Cantabria (CONTRATO PROGRAMA GOB. CANTABRIA-UC)

Patterns of habitat partitioning for the portunid crab Ovalipes trimaculatus in costal Patagonian waters

Animals frequently face trade-offs between their requirements for maximizing growth and minimizing mortality risk. The partition of habitat use in foraging arenas and refuges as an answer to this trade-off has been evaluated in intertidal crabs but is poorly known in subtidal crabs. The subtidal crab Ovalipes trimaculatus lives and is captured by artisanal fishermen on sandy bottoms of the San Matías Gulf (Lat 41 °S; Argentina). Whereas these bottoms are poor in potential prey, the nearby rocky outcrops are much richer with relatively high abundance of potential prey for the species. Hence, we investigated if crabs in this area are using rocky bottoms as a foraging arena. Stomach content and stable isotopes analysis show that none of the evaluated prey (small teleosts, echinoderms, mollusks and crustaceans) contributed to more than 10% of O. trimaculatus diet, however prey from hard bottoms jointly contributed to 50–80% of the diet. Thus, O. trimaculatus is a generalist carnivore that, despite inhabiting mainly open sandy bottoms, uses rocky outcrops habitats as a foraging arena, probably due to their higher prey availability.Fil: de la Barra, Paula María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Escuela de Ciencias Marinas; ArgentinaFil: Botto, Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Iribarne, Oscar Osvaldo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Escuela de Ciencias Marinas; ArgentinaFil: Narvarte, Maite Andrea. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Escuela de Ciencias Marinas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Conceptual development on mechanical waves in a laboratory been guided by the MATLaF model

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados en relación al nivel de desarrollo conceptual de los estudiantes en la temática de ondas mecánicas, durante el trabajo de laboratorio fundamentado en la teoría de campos conceptuales de G. Vergnaud (Modelo MATLaF). El ensayo se llevó a cabo con estudiantes del profesorado de física, en el marco del curso de laboratorio III de la Universidad UPEL, Caracas, Venezuela. Se consideraron tres momentos del proceso para la recolección de datos: al inicio con tres cuestionarios y una entrevista colectiva; en el intermedio con las conclusiones derivadas por los estudiantes de su interacción con simulaciones; y al final con los reportes de laboratorio y un cuestionario. Los resultados muestran un desarrollo satisfactorio de las concepciones iniciales de los estudiantes, tanto por su aproximación a las ideas científicas como por su grado de sistematicidad y coherencia.This paper reports the findings of the conceptual development in the theoretical domain of the students they carried out a laboratory work on mechanical wave according to the dynamic model of learning MATLaF. This model is based in Vergnaud’s conceptual fields theory. This study was carried out with students of physics teaching, in the laboratory III course at UPEL, Caracas, Venezuela. Three moments during the process for the gathering of data were considered: at the beginning with three questionnaires and a collective interview; in the middle with the conclusions derived by the students of their interaction with simulations; and at the end with the reports of laboratory and a questionnaire. The results show a satisfactory movement in the initial conceptions of the students, so much for their approach to the scientific ideas like for their degree of complexity

Protocolo de actuación para la recogida y registro de muestras entomológicas en una investigación pericial forense

El artículo contiene un formulario para la toma de muestras en cadáveres humanos.[ES] Los artrópodos asociados a restos cadavéricos pueden aportar información fundamental que permita una estimación muy precisa del intervalo postmortem de un individuo (IPM). Por ello, su recolección puede ser fundamental durante una investigación pericial. se presentan unas pautas sobre los procedimientos a seguir durante la inspección y recogida de evidencias de origen entomológico tanto el lugar de los hechos como durante la autopsia que aseguren la fiabilidad y validez de dichas evidencias ante un tribunal de Justicia. Por último, se ajunta una ficha de registro que permita la recogida sencilla de información complementaria fundamental para la adecuada interpretación de dichas evidencias entomológicas.[EU] Gorpuzkinei lotutako artropodoek funtsezko informazioa eman diezagukete, pertsona bat hil denetik igarotako denbora-tartea zehaztasunez kalkulatzeko. Hori dela eta, horiek biltzea funtsezkoa izan daiteke adituen ikerketa batean. Gertaerak jazo diren tokian eta autopsian jatorri entomologikoko ebidentziak biltzeko eta aztertzeko erabili behar diren prozedurei buruzko jarraibide batzuk aurkezten dira, bermatu egingo dutenak ebidentzia horiek justizia-auzitegi batek fidagarritzat eta onargarritzat hartzea. Azkenik, erregistro-fitxa bat erantsi da, aukera ematen duena oso erraz biltzeko ebidentzia entomologikoak behar bezala interpretatzeko informazio osagarria.[FR] Arthropodes associés avec des restes de cadavres peuvent fournir des informations essentielles permettant une estimation très précise de l’intervalle post-mortem d’un individu (IPM). C’est ainsi que sa collection peut donc s’avérer critique lors d’une enquête judiciaire. des directives sont données sur les procédures à suivre pendant l’inspection et la collecte de preuves d’origine entomologique tantôt sur scène comme lors de l’autopsie de façon à garantir la fiabilité et la validité d’une telle preuve devant une Cour de Justice. Enfin, un formulaire d’inscription qui permet la simple collection d’informations essentielles pour la bonne interprétation de ladite preuve entomologique est attaché.[EN] Arthropods found in a corpse can provide crucial information to take out very precisely the post-mortem interval of a person (PMI). Therefore, its collection can be vital during expert research. there are several guidelines on the procedures which have to be followed during the inspection and collection of entomological evidences both at the crime scene and during the autopsy to guarantee the reliability and validity of said evidences before a court of law. Lastly, a registration form is attached in order to easily collect further essential information for a correct interpretation of the aforementioned entomological evidences

Effect of tides on the orbital evolution of the redback system PSR 1723–2837

The standard model of stellar evolution in Close Binary Systems assumes that duringmass transfer episodes the system is in a synchronised and circularised state. Remarkably, theredback system PSR J1723-2837 has an orbital period derivative P˙orb too large to be explained by this model. Motivated by this fact, we investigate the action of tidal forces in between twoconsecutive mass transfer episodes for a system under irradiation feedback, which is a plausible progenitor for PSR J1723-2837. We base our analysis on Hut?s treatment of equilibriumtidal evolution, generalised by considering the donor as a two layers object that may not rotate as a rigid body. We also analyse three different relations for the viscosity with the tidal forcingfrequency. We found that the large value measured for Porb can be reached by systems wherethe donor star rotates slower (by few percent) than the orbit just after mass transfer episodes.Van Staden & Antoniadis have observed this object and reported a lack of synchronism, opposite to that required by the Hut?s theory to account for the observed Porb. Motivated by thisdiscrepancy, we analyse photometric data obtained by the spacecraft Kepler second missionK2, with the purpose of identifying the periods present in PSR J1723-2837. We notice severalperiods close to those of the orbit and the rotation. The obtained periods pattern reveals thepresence of a more complex phenomenology, which would not be well described in the frameof the weak friction model of equilibrium tides.Fil: Novarino, Maria Leonela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Echeveste, Maite. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Benvenuto, Omar Gustavo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; ArgentinaFil: de Vito, María Alejandra. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Ferrero, G. A.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata; Argentin

The importance of mineralogical knowledge in the sustainability of artisanal gold mining: a mid-south Peru case

Mineralogy and gold processing techniques from several mining areas of the Nazca-Ocoña gold belt, Mid-South Peru, were investigated to assess the efficiency of gold extraction methods in relation to their mineralogy. The deposits from this belt are intrusion gold related to mineralization in quartz veins. Native gold occurs as micrometric grains encapsulated in pyrite and in minor amounts in other sulfides and quartz. Electrum is found mainly in fractures of pyrite and attains up to 35 wt. % Ag. In addition to these occurrences, gold tellurides also occur and they are abundant in San Luis. Gold processing is carried out by amalgamation with mercury and/or cyanidation. The comparison of the gold grade in the mineralizations and in the residual tailings indicates that a significant amount of gold is not recovered using the mercury amalgamation process and also, in the case of the gold recovery by cyanidation, except when cement was added to the cyanide solution. This was due to an increase in the pH that favours the dissolution of the gold matrix. In the cyanidation process carried out in tailings previously treated with mercury, part of the mercury retained in them is released to the atmosphere or to the cyanidation fluids.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

An exploratory analysis on the experiences of traveling in the underground of Buenos Aires

Las condiciones del viaje influyen en el bienestar de las personas. Esto cobra relevancia considerando que viajar es uno de los diez comportamientos más rutinarios de la vida. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las experiencias de los pasajeros en el subterráneo de Buenos Aires en relación con las condiciones de calidad y servicio que perciben que el transporte público les brinda. Para ello se diseñó un estudio exploratorio y se recolectó la información a través de grupos focales. Los resultados indican que los participantes eligen principalmente el subterráneo por su rapidez; y la mayor desventaja se asocia al aglomeramiento de pasajeros. Los participantes no solo priorizan el tiempo de viaje sino trasladarse lo más tranquilamente posible para disminuir los posibles factores de estrés.The conditions of travelling influence the well-being of people. This becomes relevant considering that traveling is one of the ten most routine behaviors in life. The objective of this work is to analyze the experiences of passengers in the Buenos Aires subway in relation to quality and service conditions perceived by public transport. For this purpose, an exploratory study was designed, and the information was collected through focus groups. The results indicate that participants mainly choose the subway because of its speed; and the greatest disadvantage is associated with crowding of passengers. Participants not only prioritize the travel time but also to be able to travel as calmly as possible to reduce possible stressors

Molecular and antigenic characterization of Trypanosoma cruzi TolT proteins

Background: TolT was originally described as a Trypanosoma cruzi molecule that accumulated on the trypomastigote flagellum bearing similarity to bacterial TolA colicins receptors. Preliminary biochemical studies indicated that TolT resolved in SDS-PAGE as ~3–5 different bands with sizes between 34 and 45 kDa, and that this heterogeneity could be ascribed to differences in polypeptide glycosylation. However, the recurrent identification of TolT-deduced peptides, and variations thereof, in trypomastigote proteomic surveys suggested an intrinsic TolT complexity, and prompted us to undertake a thorough reassessment of this antigen. Methods/Principle findings: Genome mining exercises showed that TolT constitutes a larger-than-expected family of genes, with at least 12 polymorphic members in the T. cruzi CL Brener reference strain and homologs in different trypanosomes. According to structural features, TolT deduced proteins could be split into three robust groups, termed TolT-A, TolT-B, and TolT-C, all of them showing marginal sequence similarity to bacterial TolA proteins and canonical signatures of surface localization/membrane association, most of which were herein experimentally validated. Further biochemical and microscopy-based characterizations indicated that this grouping may have a functional correlate, as TolT-A, TolT-B and TolT-C molecules showed differences in their expression profile, sub-cellular distribution, post-translational modification(s) and antigenic structure. We finally used a recently developed fluorescence magnetic beads immunoassay to validate a recombinant protein spanning the central and mature region of a TolT-B deduced molecule for Chagas disease serodiagnosis. Conclusion/Significance: This study unveiled an unexpected genetic and biochemical complexity within the TolT family, which could be exploited for the development of novel T. cruzi biomarkers with diagnostic/therapeutic applications.Fil: Lobo, Mabel Maite. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Balouz, Virginia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Melli, Luciano Jorge. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Carlevaro, Giannina Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Cortina, María Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Camara, María de los Milagros. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Canepa, Gaspar Exequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Carmona, Santiago Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Altcheh, Jaime Marcelo. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Campetella, Oscar Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Ciocchini, Andres Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Agüero, Fernan Gonzalo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Mucci, Juan Sebastián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Buscaglia, Carlos Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas; Argentin