957 research outputs found
Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Acacia aroma Leaf Extracts
Acacia aroma, native plant from San Luis, Argentina, is commonly used as antiseptic and for healing of wounds. The present study was conducted to investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of hot aqueous extract (HAE) and ethanolic extract (EE) of A. aroma. The cytotoxic activity was assayed by neutral red uptake assay on Vero cell. Cell treatment with a range from 100 to 5000 g/mL of HAE and EE showed that 500 g/mL and 100 g/mL were the maximum noncytotoxic concentrations, respectively. The CC50 was 658 g/mL for EE and 1020 g/mL for HAE. The genotoxicity was tested by the single-cell gel electrophoresis comet assay. The results obtained in the evaluation of DNA cellular damage exposed to varied concentrations of the HAE showed no significant genotoxic effect at range of 1–20 mg/mL. The EE at 20 mg/mL showed moderate genotoxic effect related to the increase of the DNA percentage contained in tail of the comet; DNA was classified in category 2. At concentrations below 5 mg/mL, the results of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Acacia aroma guarantee the safety at cell and genomic level. However further studies are needed for longer periods including animal models to confirm the findings.Fil: Mattana, Claudia Maricel. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de QuĂmica, BioquĂmica y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Cangiano, Maria de Los Angeles. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de QuĂmica, BioquĂmica y Farmacia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Alcaraz, MarĂa Luciana. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de QuĂmica, BioquĂmica y Farmacia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Sosa, A.. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de QuĂmica, BioquĂmica y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Escobar, Franco Matias. Universidad Nacional de RĂo Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas FisicoquĂmicas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Sabini, C.. Universidad Nacional de RĂo Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas FisicoquĂmicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Sabini, Liliana Ines. Universidad Nacional de RĂo Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas FisicoquĂmicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Laciar, Analia Liliana. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de QuĂmica, BioquĂmica y Farmacia; Argentin
Dynamics of multiple atoms in one-dimensional fields
We analyze the dynamics of a set of two-level atoms coupled to the
electromagnetic environment within a waveguide. This problem is often tackled
by assuming a weak coupling between the atoms and the environment as well as
the associated Markov approximation. We show that the accuracy of such an
approximation may be more limited than in the single-atom case and also be
strongly determined by the presence of collective effects produced by atom-atom
interactions. To this aim, we solve the full problem with exact diagonalization
and also the time-dependent density matrix renormalization group method, and
compare the result to that obtained within a weak-coupling master equation and
with the Dicke approximation. Finally, we study the dynamics of the
entanglement within the system when considering several inter-atomic distances
and atomic frequencies
Periodic Fluctuation of Tidal Volumes Further Improves Variable Ventilation in Experimental Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
In experimental acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), random variation of tidal volumes (VT ) during volume controlled ventilation improves gas exchange and respiratory
system mechanics (so-called stochastic resonance hypothesis). It is unknown whether those positive effects may be further enhanced by periodic VT fluctuation at distinct
frequencies, also known as deterministic frequency resonance.We hypothesized that the positive effects of variable ventilation on lung functionmay be further amplified by periodic VT fluctuation at specific frequencies. In anesthetized and mechanically ventilated pigs, severe ARDS was induced by saline lung lavage and injurious VT (double-hit model).
Animals were then randomly assigned to 6 h of protective ventilation with one of four VT patterns: (1) random variation of VT (WN); (2) P04, main VT frequency of 0.13Hz; (3)
P10, main VT frequency of 0.05Hz; (4) VCV, conventional non-variable volume controlled ventilation. In groups with variable VT , the coefficient of variation was identical (30%).
We assessed lung mechanics and gas exchange, and determined lung histology and inflammation. Compared to VCV, WN, P04, and P10 resulted in lower respiratory system
elastance (63 ± 13 cm H2O/L vs. 50 ± 14 cm H2O/L, 48.4 ± 21 cm H2O/L, and 45.1 ± 5.9 cm H2O/L respectively, P < 0.05 all), but only P10 improved PaO2/FIO2 after 6 h
of ventilation (318 ± 96 vs. 445 ± 110mm Hg, P < 0.05). Cycle-by-cycle analysis of lung mechanics suggested intertidal recruitment/de-recruitment in P10. Lung histologic
damage and inflammation did not differ among groups. In this experimental model of severe ARDS, periodic VT fluctuation at a frequency of 0.05Hz improved oxygenation
during variable ventilation, suggesting that deterministic resonance adds further benefit to variable ventilation
Probiotics on performance, intestinal morphology and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens raised with lower or higher environmental challenge
On the adsorption of sulfate on low Miller index Rh(hkl) electrodes: an in situ vibrational analysis
Senescent cells in the development of cardiometabolic disease
Purpose of review Senescent cells have recently been identified as key players in the development of metabolic dysfunction. In this review, we will highlight recent developments in this field and discuss the concept of targeting these cells to prevent or treat cardiometabolic diseases. Recent findings Evidence is accumulating that cellular senescence contributes to adipose tissue dysfunction, presumably through induction of low-grade inflammation and inhibition of adipogenic differentiation leading to insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia. Senescent cells modulate their surroundings through their bioactive secretome and only a relatively small number of senescent cells is sufficient to cause persistent physical dysfunction even in young mice. Proof-of-principle studies showed that selective elimination of senescent cells can prevent or delay the development of cardiometabolic diseases in mice. Summary The metabolic consequences of senescent cell accumulation in various tissues are now unravelling and point to new therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of cardiometabolic diseases
Concentração de proteĂnas na urina de indivĂduos normais
In order to determinate the normal values for urine protein concentration in one sample of healthy population it was used a biuret reaction in 62 urine samples collected at random. The mean protein concentration in the whole group was 6.0mg% (SD ±3.2) with a range of 2.0 - 14.5mg%. Those results agreed with the previously reported, in the literature.A fim de determinar os valores normais de concentração proteica na urina, em amostra de população sadia, foi usada uma reação de biureto, em 62 amostras de urina coletadas ao acaso. A concentração proteica mĂ©dia em todo o grupo foi de 6,0mg% (± 3,2) com a amplitude de 2,0 - 14,5mg%. Tais resultados concordam com aqueles previamente relatados na literatura
Mechanistic Insights into the Light-Driven Catalysis of an Immobilized Lipase on Plasmonic Nanomaterials
The use of light as an external stimulus to control the enzyme activity is an emerging strategy that enables accurate, remote, and noninvasive biotransformations. In this context, immobilization of enzymes on plasmonic nanoparticles offers an opportunity to create light-responsive biocatalytic materials. Nevertheless, a fundamental and mechanistic understanding of the effects of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) excitation on enzyme regulation remains elusive. We herein investigate the plasmonic effects on biocatalysis using Au nanospheres (AuNSp) and nanostars (AuNSt) as model plasmonic nanoparticles, lipase from Candida antarctica fraction B (CALB) as a proof-of-concept enzyme, and 808 nm as near-infrared light excitation. Our data show that LSPR excitation enables an enhancement of 58% in the enzyme activity for CALB adsorbed on AuNSt, compared with the dark conditions. This work shows how photothermal heating over the LSPR excitation enhances the CALB activity through favoring product release in the last step of the enzyme mechanism. We propose that the results reported herein shed important mechanistic and kinetic insights into the field of plasmonic biocatalysis and may inspire the rational development of plasmonic nanomaterial-enzyme hybrids with tailored activities under external light irradiation.Peer reviewe
The tomato terpene synthase gene family
Compounds of the terpenoid class play numerous roles in the interactions of plants with their environment, such as attracting pollinators and defending the plant against pests. We show here that the genome of cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) contains 44 terpene synthase (TPS) genes, including 29 that are functional or potentially functional. Of these 29 TPS genes, 26 were expressed in at least some organs or tissues of the plant. The enzymatic functions of eight of the TPS proteins were previously reported, and here we report the specific in vitro catalytic activity of 10 additional tomato terpene synthases. Many of the tomato TPS genes are found in clusters, notably on chromosomes 1, 2, 6, 8, and 10. All TPS family clades previously identified in angiosperms are also present in tomato. The largest clade of functional TPS genes found in tomato, with 12 members, is the TPS-a clade, and it appears to encode only sesquiterpene synthases, one of which is localized to the mitochondria, while the rest are likely cytosolic. A few additional sesquiterpene synthases are encoded by TPS-b clade genes. Some of the tomato sesquiterpene synthases use z,z-farnesyl diphosphate in vitro as well, or more efficiently than, the e,e-farnesyl diphosphate substrate. Genes encoding monoterpene synthases are also prevalent, and they fall into three clades: TPS-b, TPS-g, and TPS-e/f. With the exception of two enzymes involved in the synthesis of ent-kaurene, the precursor of gibberellins, no other tomato TPS genes could be demonstrated to encode diterpene synthases so far
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