Microtensile Bond Strength Test And Failure Analysis To Assess Bonding Characteristics Of Different Adhesion Approaches To Ground Versus Unground Enamel

This study evaluated the bonding characteristics to ground and unground enamel obtained with different strategies. For this purpose, 24 sound third-molars were bisected mesiodistally to obtain tooth halves. A flat enamel area was delimited in the tooth sections, which were randomly distributed into 8 groups (n=6), according to the enamel condition (ground and unground) and adhesive system (Adper Single Bond 2 - SB2; Adper Prompt L-Pop - PLP; Adper Prompt - AD; Clearfil SE Bond - SE). Each system was applied according manufacturers' instructions and a 6-mm-high resin composite "crown" was incrementally built up on bonded surfaces. Hourglass-shaped specimens with 0.8 mm2 cross-section were produced. Microtensile bond strength (μTBS) was recorded and the failure patterns were classified. Results were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). There were no statistically significant differences among the μTBS values of SB2, PLP and AD (p>0.05). SE values were significantly lower (p0.05). There was prevalence of cohesive failure within enamel, adhesive system and resin composite for SB2. The self-etch systems produced higher incidence of cohesive failures in the adhesive system. Enamel condition did not determine significant differences on bonding characteristics for the same bonding system. In conclusion, the bonding systems evaluated in this study resulted in specific μTBS and failure patterns due to the particular interaction with enamel.222122128Goes, M.F., Sinhoreti, M.A., Consani, S., Silva, M.A., Morphological effect of the type, concentration and etching time of acid solutions on enamel and dentin surfaces (1998) Braz Dent J, 9, pp. 3-10Swift Jr., E.J., Perdigão, J., Heymann, H.O., Bonding to enamel and dentin: A brief history and state of the art, 1995 (1995) Quintessence Int, 26, pp. 95-110van Meerbeek, B., Yoshihara, K., Yoshida, Y., de Mine, A.J.M.K.L.V.L., State of the art of self-etch adhesives (2011) Dent Mater, 27, pp. 17-28Mine, A., de Munck, J., Vivan Cardoso, M., van Landuyt, K.L., Poitevin, A., Kuboki, T., Enamel-smear compromises bonding by mild self-etch adhesives (2010) J Dent Res, 89, pp. 1505-1509Kanemura, N., Sano, H., Tagami, J., Tensile bond strength to and SEM evaluation of ground and intact enamel surfaces (1999) J Dent, 27, pp. 523-530Pivetta, M.R., Moura, S.K., Barroso, L.P., Lascala, A.C., Reis, A., Loguercio, A.D., Bond strength and etching pattern of adhesive systems to enamel: Effects of conditioning time and enamel preparation (2008) J Esthet Restor Dent, 20, pp. 322-335Pashley, D.H., Tay, F.R., Aggressiveness of contemporary self-etching adhesives. Part II: Etching effects on unground enamel (2001) Dent Mater, 17, pp. 430-444Di Hipólito, V., de Goes, M.F., Carrilho, M.R., Chan, D.C., Daronch, M., Sinhoreti, M.A., SEM evaluation of contemporary self-etching primers applied to ground and unground enamel (2005) J Adhes Dent, 7, pp. 203-211Mjor, I.A., Moorhead, J.E., Dahl, J.E., Reasons for replacement of restorations in permanent teeth in general dental practice (2000) Int Dent J, 50, pp. 361-366Burrow, M.F., Tyas, M.J., 1-year clinical evaluation of one-step in non-carious cervical lesions (1999) Am J Dent, 12, pp. 283-285Opdam, N.J., Roeters, F.J., Feilzer, A.J., Verdonschot, E.H., Marginal integrity and postoperative sensitivity in Class 2 resin composite restorations in vivo (1998) J Dent, 26, pp. 555-562Perdigão, J., Lambrechtes, P., van Meerbee, K.B., Vanherle, G., Lopes, A.L., Filed emission SEM comparison of four postfixation drying techniques for human dentin (1995) J Biomed Mater Res, 290, pp. 1111-1120Sano, H., Shono, T., Sonoda, H., Takatsu, T., Ciucchi, B., Carvalho, R., Relationship between surface area for adhesion and tensile bond strength. Evaluation of a micro-tensile bond test (1994) Dent Mater, 10, pp. 236-240Shinchi, M.J., Soma, K., Nakabayashi, N., The effect of phosphoric acid concentration on resin tag length and bond strength of a photo-cured resin to acid-etched enamel (2000) Dent Mater, 16, pp. 324-329Yoshida, Y., Nagakane, K., Fukuda, R., Nakayama, Y., Okazaki, M., Shintani, H., Comparative study on adhesive performance of functional monomers (2004) J Dent Res, 83, pp. 454-458Takahashi, A., Sato, Y., Uno, S., Pereira, P.N.R., Sano, H., Effects of mechanical properties of adhesive resins on bond strength to dentin (2002) Dent Mater, 18, pp. 263-268Salz, U., Zimmermann, J., Zeuner, F., Moszner, N., Hydrolytic stability of self-etching adhesive systems (2005) J Adhes Dent, 7, pp. 107-116Cehreli, Z.C., Altay, N., Effects of a nonrinse conditioner and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on the etch pattern of intact human permanent enamel (2000) Angle Orthod, 70, pp. 22-27Camps, J., Pashley, D.H., Buffering action of human dentin in vitro (2000) J Adhes Dent, 2, pp. 39-50Ripa, L.W., Gwinnett, A.J., Buonocore, M.G., The "prismless" outer layer of deciduous and permanent enamel (1966) Arch Oral Biol, 11, pp. 41-4

Effect Of Water Storage On Bond Strength Of Self-etching Adhesives To Dentin

Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of self-etching adhesive systems one week and one year after storage in water. Methods and Materials: Fragments from the buccal surfaces of 45 bovine teeth were prepared (12 mm in length X 5 mm in width X 1.0 mm in thickness). Dentin surfaces were wet-abraded with 600-grit SiC paper to create a standardized smear layer. Samples were randomly assigned to 18 experimental groups (n=5), according to nine adhesive systems tested (Single Bond; Adper Prompt L-Pop; iBond; One-Up Bond F; Xeno III; Clearfil SE Bond; Optibond Solo Plus SE; Tyrian SPE/One-Step Plus; and UniFil Bond) and two waterstorage times (one week and one year). Adhesives were applied according to the manufacturers' instructions. Z250 composite was applied into the molds to fill up the internal diameter volume of a Tygon tubing mold (1.0 mm high/0.7 mm internal diameter). Micro-shear bond strengths were determined using an apparatus attached to an Instron Universal Testing Machine (0.5 mm/min). Data were statistically analyzed using a twoway analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey's test (5%). Results: One year after water storage the dentin bond strength of all adhesive systems reduced significantly, except for One-Up Bond F. Conclusion: Water-storage time decreased the bond strength for most dentin bonding agents tested.874653Chigira, H., Yukitani, W., Hasegawa, T., Manabe, A., Itoh, K., Hayakawa, T., Debari, K., Hisamitsu, H., Self-etching dentin primers containing Phenyl-P (1994) J Dent Res, 73, pp. 1088-1095Watanabe, I., Nakabayashi, N., Pashley, D.H., Bonding to ground dentin by a phenyl-P self-etching primer (1994) J Dent Res, 73, pp. 1212-1220Eliades, G.C., Caputo, A.A., Vougiouklakis, G.J., Composition, wetting properties and bond strength with dentin of 6 new dentin adhesives (1985) Dent Mater, 1, pp. 170-176Burke, F.J.T., McCaughey, A.D., The four generations of dentin bonding (1995) Am J Dent, 8, pp. 88-92Eick, J.D., Gwinnett, A.J., Pashley, D.H., Robinson, S.J., Current concepts on adhesion to dentin (1997) Crit Rev Oral Biol Med, 8, pp. 306-335Nakabayashi, N., Pashley, D.H., (1998) Hybridization of dental hard tissues, , 1st ed. Tokyo, Quintessence Publishing Co;Van Meerbeek, B., De Munck, J., Yoshida, Y., Inoue, S., Vargas, M., Vijay, P., Van Landuyt, K., Vanherle, G., Adhesion to enamel and dentin: Currents status and future challenges (2003) Oper Dent, 28, pp. 215-235De Munck, J., Van Landuyt, K., Peumans, M., Poitevin, A., Lambrechts, P., Braem, M., Van Meerbeek, B., A critical review of the durability of adhesion to tooth tissue: Methods and results (2005) J Dent Res, 84, pp. 118-132Tay, F.R., Pashley, D.H., King, N.M., Carvalho, R.M., Tsai, J., Lai, S.C., Marquezini Jr, L., Agressiveness of self-etch adhesives on unground enamel (2004) Oper Dent, 29, pp. 309-316Tay, F.R., Pashley, D.H., Suh, B.I., Carvalho, R.M., Itthagarun, A., Single-step adhesives are permeable membranes (2002) J Dent, 30, pp. 371-382Tay, F., Pashley, D.H., Have dentin adhesives become too hydrophilic? (2003) J Can Dent Assoc, 69, pp. 726-731Tay, F.R., Sano, H., Carvalho, R.M., Pashley, D.H., An ultrastructural study of the influence of acidity of self-etching primers and smear layer thickness on bonding to intact dentin (2000) J Adhes Dent, 2, pp. 83-98Tay, F.R., Pashley, D.H., Aggressiveness of contemporary self-etching systems. I: Depth of penetration beyond dentin smear layers (2001) Dent Mater, 17, pp. 296-308Yiu, C.K., King, N.M., Pashley, D.H., Suh, B.I., Carvalho, R.M., Carrilho, M.R., Tay, F.R., Effect of resin hydrophilicity and water storage on resin strength (2004) Biomaterials, 25, pp. 5789-5796Van Landuyt, K.L., De Munck, J., Snauwaert, J., Coutinho, E., Poitevin, A., Yoshida, Y., Inoue, S., Van Meerbeek, B., Monomer solvent phase separation in one-step self-etch adhesives (2005) J Dent Res, 84, pp. 183-188Swift Jr, E.F., Dentin/enamel adhesives: Review of the literature (2002) Pediatr Dent, 24, pp. 456-461Reis, A.F., Oliveira, M.T., Giannini, M., De Goes, M.F., Rueggeberg, F.A., The effect of organic solvents on one-bottle adhesives bond strength to enamel and dentin (2003) Oper Dent, 28, pp. 689-694Shimada, Y., Yamaguchi, S., Tagami, J., Micro-shear bond strength of dual-cured resin cement to glass ceramics (2002) Dent Mat, 8, pp. 380-388Sano, H., Yoshikawa, T., Pereira, P.N., Kanemura, N., Morigami, M., Tagami, J., Pashley, D.H., Long-term durability of dentin bonds made with a self-etching primer, in vivo (1999) J Dent Res, 78, pp. 906-911Hashimoto, M., Ohno, H., Kaga, M., Endo, K., Sano, H., Oguchi, H., In vivo degradation of resin dentin bonds in human over 1 to 3 years (2000) J Dent Res, 79, pp. 1385-1391Giannini, M., Seixas, C.A.M., Reis, A.F., Pimenta, L.A.F., Six-month storage-time evaluation of one-bottle adhesive systems to dentin (2003) J Esthet Restor Dent, 15, pp. 43-48Reis, A.F., Arrais, C.A.G., Novaes, P.D., Carvalho, R.M., De Goes, M.F., Giannini, M., Ultramorphological analysis of resin-dentin interfaces produced with water-based single-step and two-step adhesives: Nanoleakage expression (2004) J Biomed Mater Res, 71 (B), pp. 90-98Carvalho, R.M., Tay, F.R., Giannini, M., Pashley, D.H., Effects of pre- and post-bonding hydration on bond strength to dentin (2004) J Adhes Dent, 6, pp. 13-17Pashley, E.L., Zhang, Y., Lockwood, P.E., Rueggeberg, F.A., Pashley, D.H., Effects of HEMA on water evaporation from water-HEMA mixtures (1998) Dent Mater, 14, pp. 6-10Pashley, D.H., Carvalho, R.M., Tay, F.R., Agee, K.A., Lee, K.-W., Solvation of dried matrix by water and other polar solvents (2002) Am J Dent, 15, pp. 97-102Burrow, M.F., Inokoshi, S., Tagami, J., Water sorption of several bonding resins (1999) Am J Dent, 12, pp. 295-298Ferrari, M., Tay, F.R., Technique sensitivity in bonding to vital, acid-etched dentin (2003) Oper Dent, 28, pp. 3-8Tay, F.R., Hashimoto, M., Pashley, D.H., Peters, M.C., Lai, S.C., Yiu, C.K., Cheong, C., Aging affects two modes of nanoleakage expression in bonded dentin (2003) J Dent Res, 82, pp. 537-541Tanaka, J., Ishikawa, K., Yatani, H., Yamashita, A., Suzuki, K., Correlation of dentin bond durability with water absorption of bonding layer (1999) Dent Mater J, 18, pp. 11-18Mortier, E., Gerdolle, D.A., Jacquot, B., Panighi, M.M., Importance of water sorption and solubility studies for couple bonding agent/resin-based filling material (2004) Oper Dent, 29, pp. 669-676Chersoni, S., Suppa, P., Grandini, S., Goracci, C., Monticelli, F., Yiu, C., Huang, C., Tay, F.R., In vivo and in vitro permeability of One-step self-etch adhesives (2004) J Dent Res, 83, pp. 459-464Vargas, M.A., Cobb, D.S., Denehy, G.E., Interfacial micromorphology and shear bond strength of singlebottle primer/adhesives (1997) Dent Mater, 13, pp. 316-324Nakamichi, I., Iwaku, M., Fusayama, T., Bovine teeth as possible human teeth substitutes (1983) J Dent Res, 62, pp. 1076-1081Reis, A.F., Giannini, M., Kavaguchi, A., Line, S.R.P., Comparision of microtensile bond strength of human, bovine and porcine teeth (2004) J Adhes Dent, 6, pp. 117-12

Base Deflection And Microleakage Of Composite Restorations.

The flexural deflections of human dentin, Herculite XR, Dycal, Vidrion F, zinc phosphate base, and combinations of composite-base were determined. The influence of the flexural deflections in the marginal microleakage was also determined for the composite-base combinations. The flexural deflection test for dentin showed no statistically significant differences between the two floor cavity depths studied. There were significant differences among cements when the thickness of the base was 1 mm whereas no differences occurred at 2 mm. The composite-base combinations did not present statistical differences. There were no statistically significant differences in the microleakage levels among loaded and non-loaded specimens; however, dye penetration was visually greater in loaded samples.7315315

1-year Clinical Study Of Indirect Resin Composite Restorations Luted With A Self-adhesive Resin Cement: Effect Of Enamel Etching

In vitro studies have recommended enamel-etching before luting indirect restorations with self-adhesive resin cement. However, there is no scientific proof that this procedure has any clinical relevance. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of enamel-etching on the marginal quality of indirect composite resin restorations (inlay/onlay) using the self-adhesive cement RelyX Unicem clicker. Forty-two posterior teeth were selected from 25 patients that presented one or two teeth with large restorations in need of replacement. All teeth were prepared by the same operator and impressed with polyvinylsiloxane material. The composite resin restorations were built over plaster casts using the incremental technique with a LED device for light-curing the increments. The inlays/onlays were cemented according to one of the following protocols: 1. Etched group (ETR) - selective enamel phosphoric-acid etching + RelyX Unicem clicker; 2. Non-etched group (NER) - RelyX Unicem clicker alone. Each surface was light-cured for 60 s. Recalls occurred after 1 week (baseline), 6 and 12 months when the teeth were evaluated according to previously established scores (modified USPHS criteria). The clinical analysis showed little or no visible changes in the marginal quality after 1 year, even though a probe could detect all the restorations margins. Statistical analysis (Fisher's exact test, p<0.05) detected no differences between the groups after 12 months. No restorations failed and no secondary caries were found. Enamel acid etching had no clinical relevance on the marginal quality of indirect composite resin restorations luted with RelyX Unicem clicker after 1 year of follow up.23297103Heintze, S.D., Cavalleri, A., Rousson, V., The marginal quality of luted ceramic inserts in bovine teeth and ceramic inlays in extracted molars after occlusal loading (2005) J Adhes Dent, 3-7, pp. 213-223Peumans, M., de Munck, J., van Landuyt, K., Lambrechts, P., van Meerbeek, B., Five-year clinical effectiveness of a two-step selfetching adhesive (2007) J Adhes Dent, 9, pp. 7-10Mjor, I.A., Clinical diagnosis of recurrent caries (2005) J Am Dent Assoc, 136, pp. 1426-1433Kidd, E.A., Beighton, D., Prediction of secondary caries around toothcolored restorations: A clinical and microbiological study (1996) J Dent Res, 75, pp. 1942-1946Piwowarczyk, A., Lauer, H.C., Sorensen, J.A., Microleakage of various cementing agents for fullcast crowns (2005) Dent Mater, 21, pp. 445-453Behr, M., Rosentritt, M., Regnet, T., Lang, R., Handel, G., Marginal adaptation in dentin of a self-adhesive universal resin cement compared with well-tried systems (2004) Dent Mater, 20, pp. 191-197Rosentritt, M., Behr, M., Lang, R., Handel, G., Influence of cement type on the marginal adaptation of all-ceramic MOD inlays (2004) Dent Mater, 20, pp. 463-469Ibarra, G., Johnson, G.H., Geurtsen, W., Vargas, M.A., Microleakage of porcelain veneer restorations bonded to enamel and dentin with a new self-adhesive resin-based dental cement (2007) Dent Mater, 23, pp. 218-225de Munck, J., Vargas, M., van Landuyt, K., Hikita, K., Lambrechts, P., van Meerbeek, B., Bonding of an auto-adhesive luting material to enamel and dentin (2004) Dent Mater, 20, pp. 963-971Duarte Jr., S., Botta, A.C., Meire, M., Sadan, A., Microtensile bond strengths and scanning electron microscopic evaluation of selfadhesive and self-etching resin cements to intact and etched enamel (2008) J Prosthet Dent, 100, pp. 203-210Goracci, C., Cury, A.H., Cantoro, A., Pappachini, F., Tay, F.R., Ferrari, M., Microtensile bond strength and interfacial properties of self-etching and self-adhesive resin cements used to lute composite onlays under different seating forces (2006) J Adhe Dent, 5-8, pp. 327-335Radovic, I., Monticelli, F., Goracci, C., Vulicevic, Z.R., Ferrari, M., Selfadhesive resin cements: A literature review (2008) J Adhe Dent, 10 (4), pp. 251-258Hikita, K., van Meerbeek, B., de Munck, J., Ikeda, T., van Landuyt, K., Maida, T., Bonding effectiveness of adhesive luting agents to enamel and dentin (2007) Dent Mater, 23, pp. 71-80Frankenberger, R., Tay, F.R., Self-etch vs etch-and-rinse adhesives: Effect of thermo-mecanical fatigue loading on marginal quality of bonded resin composite restorations (2005) Dent Mater, 21, pp. 397-412Heintze, S.D., Systematic reviews: I. The correlation between laboratory tests on marginal quality and bond strength. II. The correlation between marginal quality and clinical outcome (2007) J Adhe Dent, 9 (1), pp. 77-106Hickel, R., Roulet, J.F., Bayne, S., Heintze, S.D., Mjor, I.A., Peters, M., Recommendations for conducting controlled clinical studies of dental restorative materials (2007) Clin Oral Invest, 9, pp. 121-147Gladys, S., van Meerbek, B., Inokoshi, S., Willems, G., Braem, M., Lambrechts, P., Clinical and semiquantitative marginal analysis of four tooth-coloured inlay system at 3 years (1995) J Dent, 23, pp. 329-338Kramer, N., Taschner, M., Lohbauer, U., Petschelt, A., Frankenberger, R., Totally bonded ceramic inlays and onlays after eight years (2008) J Adhe Dent, 10, pp. 307-314Hayashi, M., Tsubakimoto, Y., Takeshige, F., Ebisu, S., Analysis of longitudinal marginal deterioration of ceramic inlays (2004) Oper Dent, 29, pp. 386-391Krämer, N., Frankenberger, R., Leucite-reinforced glass ceramic inlays after six years: Wear of luting composites (2000) Oper Dent, 25, pp. 466-472van Meerbeek, B., Inokoshi, S., Willems, G., Noak, M.J., Braem, M., Lambrechts, P., Marginal adaptation of four tooth-coloured inlay systems in vivo (1992) J Dent, 20, pp. 18-26Magne, P., Oganesyan, T., Premolar cuspal flexure as a function of restorative material and occlusal contact location (2009) Quintessence Int, 40, pp. 363-370Bortolotto, T., Onisor, I., Krejci, I., Proximal direct composite restorations and chairside CAD/CAM inlays: Marginal adaptation of a two-step self-etch adhesive with and without selective enamel conditioning (2007) Clin Oral Invest, 11, pp. 35-43Schenke, F., Federlin, M., Hiller, K.A., Moder, D., Schmalz, G., Controlled, prospective, randomized, clinical evaluation of partial ceramic crowns inserted with RelyX Unicem with or without selective enamel etching. Results after 2 years (2012) Clin Oral Invest, 16, pp. 451-461Peumans, M., de Munck, J., van Landuyt, K., Poitevin, A., Lambrechts, P., van Meerbeek, B., Two-year clinical evaluation of a self-adhesive luting agent for ceramic inlays (2010) J Adhes Dent, 21, pp. 151-16

Effect Of Replacing A Component Of A Self-etch Adhesive By Chlorhexidine On Bonding To Dentin

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacing a component of the self-etch adhesive Adper Scotchbond SE (liquid A + liquid B) by 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) on bond strength to dentin after 1 day, 3 months or 6 months of water storage. Eight human teeth were sectioned to expose a flat dentin surface and were then randomly assigned to 2 groups. In the control group, the dentin surfaces were treated with the adhesive according to the manufacturer's instructions. In the experimental group, liquid A was replaced by 2% CHX. Next, a 6-mm-high resin composite block was incrementally built on the bonded surfaces. The restored teeth were then sectioned to produce stickshaped specimens (cross-sectional area - 0.8 mm2). The microtensile bond strength (μTBS) was recorded, and the failure modes were assessed. Data were analyzed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA (α=0.05). Four additional teeth were processed in order to conduct a micromorphological analysis of the resin-dentin interface. The μTBS values did not significantly decrease after water storage in either the control or the experimental group, whose values did not differ significantly irrespective of storage time. The morphological aspect of the bonding interface appears not to have been affected by CHX. A higher incidence of cohesive failures within the adhesive and mixed failures (cohesive within adhesive and resin composite) was observed for both groups. It may be concluded that dentin pre-treatment with 2% CHX did not influence significantly the bonding performance of the evaluated adhesive.244335339Verma, R., Singh, U.P., Tyagi, S.P., Nagpal, R., Manuja, N., Long-term bonding effectiveness of simplified etch-and-rinse adhesives to dentin after different surface pre-treatments (2013) J Conserv Dent, 16, pp. 367-370Carrilho, M.R., Geraldeli, S., Tay, F., de Goes, M.F., Carvalho, R.M., Tjaderhane, L., In vivo preservation of the hybrid layer by chlorhexidine (2007) J Dent Res, 86, pp. 529-533Ito, S., Hoshino, T., Iijima, M., Tsukamoto, N., Pashley, D.H., Saito, T., Water sorption/solubility of self-etching dentin bonding agents (2010) Dent Mater, 26, pp. 617-626Hosaka, K., Nakajima, M., Takahashi, M., Itoh, S., Ikeda, M., Tagami, J., Relationship between mechanical properties of one-step self-etch adhesives and water sorption (2010) Dent Mater, 26, pp. 360-367Hashimoto, M., A review--micromorphological evidence of degradation in resin-dentin bonds and potential preventional solutions (2010) J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater, 92, pp. 268-280Hebling, J., Pashley, D.H., Tjaderhane, L., Tay, F.R., Chlorhexidine arrests subclinical degradation of dentin hybrid layers in vivo (2005) J Dent Res, 84, pp. 741-746Van Meerbeek, B., Yoshihara, K., Yoshida, Y., Mine, A., De Munck, J., Van Landuyt, K.L., State of the art of self-etch adhesives (2011) Dent Mater, 27, pp. 17-28Van Landuyt, K.L., Snauwaert, J., De Munck, J., Peumans, M., Yoshida, Y., Poitevin, A., Systematic review of the chemical composition of contemporary dental adhesives (2007) Biomaterials, 28, pp. 3757-3785Tay, F.R., King, N.M., Chan, K.M., Pashley, D.H., How can nanoleakage occur in self-etching adhesive systems that demineralize and infiltrate simultaneously? (2002) J Adhes Dent, 4, pp. 255-269Carvalho, R.M., Chersoni, S., Frankenberger, R., Pashley, D.H., Prati, C., Tay, F.R., A challenge to the conventional wisdom that simultaneous etching and resin infiltration always occurs in self-etch adhesives (2005) Biomaterials, 26, pp. 1035-1042Salz, U., Zimmermann, J., Zeuner, F., Moszner, N., Hydrolytic stability of self-etching adhesive systems (2005) J Adhes Dent, 7, pp. 107-116Inokoshi, S., Hosoda, H., Harnirattisai, C., Shimada, Y., Interfacial structure between dentin and seven dentin bonding systems revealed using argon ion beam etching (1993) Oper Dent, 18, pp. 8-16Vaz, R.R., Hipolito, V.D., D'Alpino, P.H., Goes, M.F., Bond strength and interfacial micromorphology of etch-and-rinse and self-adhesive resin cements to dentin (2012) J Prosthodont, 21, pp. 101-111Lenzi, T.L., Tedesco, T.K., Soares, F.Z., Loguercio, A.D., de Rocha, R.O., Chlorhexidine does not increase immediate bond strength of etchand-rinse adhesive to caries-affected dentin of primary and permanent teeth (2012) Braz Dent J, 23, pp. 438-442De Munck, J., Van den Steen, P.E., Mine, A., Van Landuyt, K.L., Poitevin, A., Opdenakker, G., Inhibition of enzymatic degradation of adhesivedentin interfaces (2009) J Dent Res, 88, pp. 1101-1106Yiu, C.K., King, N.M., Pashley, D.H., Suh, B.I., Carvalho, R.M., Carrilho, M.R., Effect of resin hydrophilicity and water storage on resin strength (2004) Biomaterials, 25, pp. 5789-5796do Amaral, R.C., Stanislawczuk, R., Zander-Grande, C., Michel, M.D., Reis, A., Loguercio, A.D., Active application improves the bonding performance of self-etch adhesives to dentin (2009) J Dent, 37, pp. 82-90Albuquerque, M., Pegoraro, M., Mattei, G., Reis, A., Loguercio, A.D., Effect of double-application or the application of a hydrophobic layer for improved efficacy of one-step self-etch systems in enamel and dentin (2008) Oper Dent, 33, pp. 564-570Felizardo, K.R., Lemos, L.V., de Carvalho, R.V., Gonini Jr., A., Lopes, M.B., Moura, S.K., Bond strength of HEMA-containing versus HEMA-free selfetch adhesive systems to dentin (2011) Braz Dent J, 22, pp. 468-472De Munck, J., Mine, A., Van den Steen, P.E., Van Landuyt, K.L., Poitevin, A., Opdenakker, G., Enzymatic degradation of adhesive-dentin interfaces produced by mild self-etch adhesives (2010) Eur J Oral Sci, 118, pp. 494-501Mine, A., De Munck, J., Cardoso, M.V., Van Landuyt, K.L., Poitevin, A., Kuboki, T., Bonding effectiveness of two contemporary self-etch adhesives to enamel and dentin (2009) J Dent, 37, pp. 872-883Sarr, M., Kane, A.W., Vreven, J., Mine, A., Van Landuyt, K.L., Peumans, M., Microtensile bond strength and interfacial characterization of 11 contemporary adhesives bonded to bur-cut dentin (2010) Oper Dent, 35, pp. 94-104Ferracane, J.L., Berge, H.X., Condon, J.R., In vitro aging of dental composites in water--effect of degree of conversion, filler volume, and filler/ matrix coupling (1998) J Biomed Mater Res, 42, pp. 465-472Skovron, L., Kogeo, D., Gordillo, L.A., Meier, M.M., Gomes, O.M., Reis, A., Effects of immersion time and frequency of water exchange on durability of etch-and-rinse adhesive (2010) J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater, 95, pp. 339-346Van Meerbeek, B., Peumans, M., Poitevin, A., Mine, A., Van Ende, A., Neves, A., Relationship between bond-strength tests and clinical outcomes (2010) Dent Mater, 26, pp. e100-e12

Effect of oxalate desensitizer on the durability of resin-bonded interfaces

Potassium oxalate desensitizers were previously shown to effectively reduce the immediate permeability of resin-bonded dentin. The current study evaluated whether the effect of the combined application of oxalate with etch-and-rinse adhesives interferes with the durability of resindentin bonds when using etch-and-rinse adhesives. The bond strength of resin-bonded dentin specimens composed of two-step or three-step etch-and-rinse adhesives (Single Bond, One-Step and Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, respectively) was tested immediately (24 hours) and after 12 months of water storage. The adhesives were used either according to the manufacturers' instructions (control groups) or after treating acid-etched dentin with a potassium oxalate gel (BisBlock, BISCO, Inc). The treatment of dentin with potassium oxalate was shown to negatively affect the baseline bond strength of resin-bonded dentin specimens, regardless of the adhesive used (p<0.05). After storage, the bond strength of the resin-bonded interfaces was significantly reduced for all the tested groups (p<0.001). Nevertheless, the rate of decreasing bond strength was significantly lower for oxalatetreated specimens than for the controls (p<0.05).35661061

Effect Of Adhesive Restorations Over Incomplete Dentin Caries Removal: 5-year Follow-up Study In Primary Teeth

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the materials used for indirect pulp treatment (IPT) on the long-term outcome of primary molar teeth. Methods: Forty-eight teeth with deep carious lesions, but without signs and symptoms of irreversible pulpitis, were randomly divided into 2 groups, according to the material placed on the demineralized dentin remain: (1) experimental group, adhesive system (Scotchbond Multipurpose); and (2) control group, calcium hydroxide liner (Dycal). Both groups were followed by a resin restoration application. Results: After 4 to 5 years, the clinical and radiographic success rates between groups were similar (group 1=14 of 15; group 2=8 of 10; P=0.350). Subsequent to exfoliation, scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of a hybrid layer at the resin-dentin interface and a microtensile bond strength of 9.63 MPa (group 1). Histological analysis showed that the pulp health status was similar in both groups. Conclusions: Indirect pulp treatment has a high clinical and radiographic long-term success rate in primary teeth and is not material-dependent. (J Dent Child 2009;76: 117-22).762117122McDonald, R.E., Avery, D.R., Treatment of deep caries, vital pulp exposure, and pulpless teeth (1994) Dentistry for the Child and Adolescent, pp. 428-454. , McDonald RE, Avery DR, eds, Philadelphia, Pa: CV Mosby Co;Guidelines for pulp therapy for primary and young permanent teeth. 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