Gathering Residue : A Literature Review of Arts-Based Research in Library and Information Studies

Arts-based research (ABR) encompasses the use of methodological tools including literary (e.g., poetry), performative (e.g., dance), visual (e.g., painting), and audiovisual (e.g., film) genres, and is used by researchers in the humanities and natural, social, and health sciences. Recent publications demonstrate diverse applications of ABR in Library and Information Studies (LIS) research. We have three aspirations for this article. First is to peer through a critical lens of literature reviews by asking ourselves: What are we doing (as activity, task, process) when we’re “literature reviewing”? We also consider metaphors we use to describe the role and application of literature reviews. Our second aspiration is to share an appreciation of the potential of ABR (in theory and in practice) to impact LIS and its transformational potential. Third, we aim to describe the generative potential of the frustrated efforts and gaps created when trying to research something differently. We share our reflections regarding positivism and practice of the literature review genre and include a summary of preliminary findings. This literature review culminates in an invitation to sit with the tensions between theory and practice, ambition and implementation, and time and energy

A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic

Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared with the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly internalized form of motivation relying on one’s core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people’s existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing. Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intention to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges

Beyond Impact : Expanding the LIS Toolkit in support of University-Community Knowledge Exchange

Arts, Faculty ofLibrary, UBCNon UBCInformation, School ofUnreviewedFacult

Building infrastructures for university-community knowledge exchange : The Role of Information Professionals and Literacy Educators : Panel

This panel argues that information professionals and literacy educators play an important bridging role between universities and community groups and stakeholders. We describe the context of university-community knowledge exchange, which is increasingly expected, but remains under-supported and under-theorised, and consider new opportunities that exist to support and build capacity in researchers and communities to co-create, share, and use information. We focus on the training and professional development needed to position information professionals and literacy educators as knowledge brokers, and innovative projects that demonstrate their value and potential in this role.Arts, Faculty ofLibrary, UBCNon UBCInformation, School ofReviewedFacult

Reconfiguring Knowledge Ecosystems : Librarians and adult literacy educators in knowledge exchange work

Knowledge exchange, also called knowledge translation, mobilization, or transfer, increasingly factors in university strategic plans and funding agency mandates. The growing emphasis on research that includes community engagement and making research knowledge more accessible and useful for nonacademic constituents often brings in knowledge brokers, whose activities promote sharing of research knowledge among different actors. In this article, we consider how librarians and adult literacy educators engage in this work as professionals uniquely positioned to advance knowledge exchange initiatives. Three initiatives in British Columbia, Canada, involve academic librarians and adult literacy educators engaging in knowledge exchange work in transformative ways. We describe how they are reconfiguring knowledge making, sharing, and use with constituents and bridging nonacademic and university communities. This approach disrupts traditional notions of who produces and consumes knowledge and who is an expert while acknowledging how place-based approaches are essential for advancing knowledge exchange initiatives.Arts, Faculty ofLibrary, UBCNon UBCInformation, School ofReviewedFacult

Access to Knowledge for Community Scholars — with Heather De Forest

Heather is a librarian at Simon Fraser University. She leads the Community Scholars Program, which engages individuals working in the non-profit sector with research publications and identifies and reduces barriers to accessing and using this body of knowledge. Heather is a co-investigator with the STOREE (Supporting Transparent and Open Research Engagement and Exchange) project and a member of the steering committee for the Making Research Accessible initiative

The Emergence of Lobsters: Phylogenetic Relationships, Morphological Evolution and Divergence Time Comparisons of an Ancient Group (Decapoda: Achelata, Astacidea, Glypheidea, Polychelida)

Lobsters are a ubiquitous and economically important group of decapod crustaceans that include the infraorders Polychelida, Glypheidea, Astacidea and Achelata. They include familiar forms such as the spiny, slipper, clawed lobsters and crayfish and unfamiliar forms such as the deep-sea and “living fossil” species. The high degree of morphological diversity among these infraorders has led to a dynamic classification and conflicting hypotheses of evolutionary relationships. In this study, we estimated phylogenetic relationships among the major groups of all lobster families and 94% of the genera using six genes (mitochondrial and nuclear) and 195 morphological characters across 173 species of lobsters for the most comprehensive sampling to date. Lobsters were recovered as a non-monophyletic assemblage in the combined (molecular + morphology) analysis. All families were monophyletic, with the exception of Cambaridae, and 7 of 79 genera were recovered as poly- or paraphyletic. A rich fossil history coupled with dense taxon coverage allowed us to estimate and compare divergence times and origins of major lineages using two drastically different approaches. Age priors were constructed and/or included based on fossil age information or fossil discovery, age, and extant species count data. Results from the two approaches were largely congruent across deep to shallow taxonomic divergences across major lineages. The origin of the first lobster-like decapod (Polychelida) was estimated in the Devonian (∼409–372 Ma) with all infraorders present in the Carboniferous (∼353–318 Ma). Fossil calibration subsampling studies examined the influence of sampling density (number of fossils) and placement (deep, middle, and shallow) on divergence time estimates. Results from our study suggest including at least 1 fossil per 10 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in divergence dating analyses. [Dating; decapods; divergence; lobsters; molecular; morphology; phylogenetics.