1,856 research outputs found
Pattern formation in annular convection
This study of spatio-temporal pattern formation in an annulus is motivated by
two physical problems on vastly different scales. The first is atmospheric
convection in the equatorial plane between the warm surface of the Earth and
the cold tropopause, modeled by the two dimensional Boussinesq equations. The
second is annular electroconvection in a thin semetic film, where experiments
reveal the birth of convection-like vortices in the plane as the electric field
intensity is increased. This is modeled by two dimensional Navier-Stokes
equations coupled with a simplified version of Maxwell's equations. The two
models share fundamental mathematical properties and satisfy the prerequisites
for application of O(2)-equivariant bifurcation theory. We show this can give
predictions of interesting dynamics, including stationary and spatio-temporal
patterns
Sensitivity, specificity, and sex differences in symptoms reported on the 13-item acute coronary syndrome checklist.
BackgroundClinical symptoms are part of the risk stratification approaches used in the emergency department (ED) to evaluate patients with suspected acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of 13 symptoms for a discharge diagnosis of ACS in women and men.Methods and resultsThe sample included 736 patients admitted to 4 EDs with symptoms suggestive of ACS. Symptoms were assessed with the 13-item validated ACS Symptom Checklist. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to estimate sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of each symptom for a diagnosis of ACS, adjusting for age, obesity, diabetes, and functional status. Patients were predominantly male (63%) and Caucasian (70.5%), with a mean age of 59.7±14.2 years. Chest pressure, chest discomfort, and chest pain demonstrated the highest sensitivity for ACS in both women (66%, 66%, and 67%) and men (63%, 69%, and 72%). Six symptoms were specific for a non-ACS diagnosis in both women and men. The predictive value of shoulder (odds ratio [OR]=2.53; 95% CI=1.29 to 4.96) and arm pain (OR 2.15; 95% CI=1.10 to 4.20) in women was nearly twice that of men (OR=1.11; 95% CI=0.67 to 1.85 and OR=1.21; 95% CI=0.74 to 1.99). Shortness of breath (OR=0.49; 95% CI=0.30 to 0.79) predicted a non-ACS diagnosis in men.ConclusionsThere were more similarities than differences in symptom predictors of ACS for women and men
Electrically driven convection in a thin annular film undergoing circular Couette flow
We investigate the linear stability of a thin, suspended, annular film of
conducting fluid with a voltage difference applied between its inner and outer
edges. For a sufficiently large voltage, such a film is unstable to
radially-driven electroconvection due to charges which develop on its free
surfaces. The film can also be subjected to a Couette shear by rotating its
inner edge. This combination is experimentally realized using films of smectic
A liquid crystals. In the absence of shear, the convective flow consists of a
stationary, azimuthally one-dimensional pattern of symmetric, counter-rotating
vortex pairs. When Couette flow is applied, an azimuthally traveling pattern
results. When viewed in a co-rotating frame, the traveling pattern consists of
pairs of asymmetric vortices. We calculate the neutral stability boundary for
arbitrary radius ratio and Reynolds number of the shear
flow, and obtain the critical control parameter and the critical azimuthal mode number . The
Couette flow suppresses the onset of electroconvection, so that . The calculated suppression is
compared with experiments performed at and .Comment: 17 pages, 2 column with 9 included eps figures. See also
http://mobydick.physics.utoronto.c
Combustion synthesis of cadmium sulphide nanomaterials for efficient visible light driven hydrogen production from water
Anion-doped cadmium sulphide nanomaterials have been synthesized by using combustion method at normal atmospheric conditions. Oxidant/fuel ratios have been optimized in order to obtain CdS with best characteristics. Formation of CdS and size of crystallite were identified by X-ray diffraction and confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the presence of C and N in the CdS matrix. The observed enhanced photocatalytic activity of the CdS nanomaterials for the hydrogen production from water (2120 μmol/h) can be attributed to high crystallinity, low band gap and less exciton recombination due to the C and N doping
Localized states in sheared electroconvection
Electroconvection in a thin, sheared fluid film displays a rich sequence of
bifurcations between different flow states as the driving voltage is increased.
We present a numerical study of an annular film in which a radial potential
difference acts on induced surface charges to drive convection. The film is
also sheared by independently rotating the inner edge of the annulus. This
simulation models laboratory experiments on electroconvection in sheared
smectic liquid crystal films. The applied shear competes with the electrical
forces, resulting in oscillatory and strongly subcritical bifurcations between
localized vortex states close to onset. At higher forcing, the flow becomes
chaotic via a Ruelle-Takens-Newhouse scenario. The simulation allows flow
visualization not available in the physical experiments, and sheds light on
previously observed transitions in the current-voltage characteristics of
electroconvecting smectic films.Comment: To be published in EuroPhysics Letters, 6 pages, 6 figures: final
versio
Economic Dan Emission Dispatch Pada Sistem Kelistrikan 500 KV Jawa-Bali Menggunakan Composite Generation Cost Function Dengan Metode Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm
Permintaan daya listrik yang terus bertambah menyebabkan daya listrik yang disuplai oleh pembangkit menjadi lebih besar. Kondisi beban yang harus disuplai pembangkit selalu berubah-ubah tiap waktunya, maka penyaluran energi listrik haruslah sesuai antara energi yang terbangkitkan oleh pembangkit dengan jumlah beban yang harus disuplai untuk memperoleh biaya pembangkitan yang paling ekonomis. Pada Tugas Akhir ini untuk mendapatkan biaya yang ekonomis akan dilakukan optimasi pembangkit sehingga didapatkan nilai pembangkitan yang paling optimal. Pengoptimalan pembangkit bertujuan untuk mendapatkan biaya operasional yang minimum tetapi tetap dapat memenuhi permintaan beban yang ada. Penggunaan generator dengan bahan bakar fosil dapat memberikan efek pencemaran lingkungan akibat emisi sisa dari pembakaran. Proses optimasi akan membuat jumlah bahan bakar yang digunakan dapat diminimalisir sehingga akan mengurangi emisi yang dihasilkan oleh pembangkit
Target Mass Monitoring and Instrumentation in the Daya Bay Antineutrino Detectors
The Daya Bay experiment measures sin^2 2{\theta}_13 using functionally
identical antineutrino detectors located at distances of 300 to 2000 meters
from the Daya Bay nuclear power complex. Each detector consists of three nested
fluid volumes surrounded by photomultiplier tubes. These volumes are coupled to
overflow tanks on top of the detector to allow for thermal expansion of the
liquid. Antineutrinos are detected through the inverse beta decay reaction on
the proton-rich scintillator target. A precise and continuous measurement of
the detector's central target mass is achieved by monitoring the the fluid
level in the overflow tanks with cameras and ultrasonic and capacitive sensors.
In addition, the monitoring system records detector temperature and levelness
at multiple positions. This monitoring information allows the precise
determination of the detectors' effective number of target protons during data
taking. We present the design, calibration, installation and in-situ tests of
the Daya Bay real-time antineutrino detector monitoring sensors and readout
electronics.Comment: 22 pages, 20 figures; accepted by JINST. Changes in v2: minor
revisions to incorporate editorial feedback from JINS
Bifurcations in annular electroconvection with an imposed shear
We report an experimental study of the primary bifurcation in
electrically-driven convection in a freely suspended film. A weakly conducting,
submicron thick smectic liquid crystal film was supported by concentric
circular electrodes. It electroconvected when a sufficiently large voltage
was applied between its inner and outer edges. The film could sustain rapid
flows and yet remain strictly two-dimensional. By rotation of the inner
electrode, a circular Couette shear could be independently imposed. The control
parameters were a dimensionless number , analogous to the Rayleigh
number, which is and the Reynolds number of the
azimuthal shear flow. The geometrical and material properties of the film were
characterized by the radius ratio , and a Prandtl-like number . Using measurements of current-voltage characteristics of a large number of
films, we examined the onset of electroconvection over a broad range of
, and . We compared this data quantitatively to
the results of linear stability theory. This could be done with essentially no
adjustable parameters. The current-voltage data above onset were then used to
infer the amplitude of electroconvection in the weakly nonlinear regime by
fitting them to a steady-state amplitude equation of the Landau form. We show
how the primary bifurcation can be tuned between supercritical and subcritical
by changing and .Comment: 17 pages, 12 figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev. E. Minor changes after
refereeing. See also http://mobydick.physics.utoronto.c
Experimental Status of Neutrino Physics
After a fascinating phase of discoveries, neutrino physics still has a few
mysteries such as the absolute mass scale, the mass hierarchy, the existence of
CP violation in the lepton sector and the existence of right-handed neutrinos.
It is also entering a phase of precision measurements. This is what motivates
the NUFACT 11 conference which prepares the future of long baseline neutrino
experiments. In this paper, we report the status of experimental neutrino
physics. We focus mainly on absolute mass measurements, oscillation parameters
and future plans for oscillation experiments
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