Stand zur IT-Sicherheit deutscher Stromnetzbetreiber : technischer Bericht

Innerhalb des Forschungsprojektes „Sichere Informationsnetze bei kleinen und mittleren Energieversorgern“ (SIDATE) wurde eine Umfrage zum Stand der IT-Sicherheit bei deutschen Stromnetzbetreibern durchgeführt. Das Projekt selbst beschäftigt sich mit der Informations- Sicherheit bei kleinen und mittleren Energieversorgern. Zur Durchführung der Umfrage wurden alle 881 im August 2016 bei der Bundesnetzagentur gelisteten Betreiber angeschrieben. In dem Umfragezeitraum vom 1. September 2016 bis zum 15. Oktober 2016 antworten 61 (6.9%) der Betreiber. Der Fragebogen fokussiert die Umsetzung der rechtlichen Anforderungen und die Implementierung eines Informationssicherheitsmanagementsystems (ISMS). Weiterhin wurden Fragen zu dem Leitsystem, Netzaufbau, Prozessen, organisatorischen Strukturen und der Büro-IT gestellt

Stand zur IT-Sicherheit deutscher Stromnetzbetreiber : technischer Bericht : aktualisierte Version

Innerhalb des Forschungsprojektes „Sichere Informationsnetze bei kleinen und mittleren Energieversorgern“ (SIDATE) wurde eine Umfrage zum Stand der IT-Sicherheit bei deutschen Stromnetzbetreibern durchgeführt. Das Projekt selbst beschäftigt sich mit der Informations- Sicherheit bei kleinen und mittleren Energieversorgern. Zur Durchführung der Umfrage wurden alle 881 im August 2016 bei der Bundesnetzagentur gelisteten Betreiber angeschrieben. In dem Umfragezeitraum vom 1. September 2016 bis zum 15. Oktober 2016 antworten 61 (6.9%) der Betreiber. Der Fragebogen fokussiert die Umsetzung der rechtlichen Anforderungen und die Implementierung eines Informationssicherheitsmanagementsystems (ISMS). Weiterhin wurden Fragen zu dem Leitsystem, Netzaufbau, Prozessen, organisatorischen Strukturen und der Büro-IT gestellt

IT security status of German energy providers : technical report

As part of the research project “Secure information networks of small- and medium-sized energy providers” (SIDATE), a survey about the IT security status of German energy providers was conducted. The project itself is focused on the IT security of small- and medium-sized energy providers. In August 2016, 881 companies listed by the Federal Network Agency were approached. Between, September 1st 2016 and October 15th 2016, 61 (6.9%) of the companies replied. The questionnaire focuses on the implementation of the regulatory requirements and on the implementation of an information security management system (ISMS). Additionally, questions about the energy control system, the network structure, processes, organisational structures, and the IT department were asked. Questions were asked in German, so all questions and answers are translated for this report

Improved X-ray detection and particle identification with avalanche photodiodes

Avalanche photodiodes are commonly used as detectors for low energy x-rays. In this work we report on a fitting technique used to account for different detector responses resulting from photo absorption in the various APD layers. The use of this technique results in an improvement of the energy resolution at 8.2 keV by up to a factor of 2, and corrects the timing information by up to 25 ns to account for space dependent electron drift time. In addition, this waveform analysis is used for particle identification, e.g. to distinguish between x-rays and MeV electrons in our experiment.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure

Building usable and privacy-preserving mobile collaborative applications for real-life communities: A case study based report

Distributed collaborative applications for supporting complex use cases in mobile environments have to provide contextual information (e.g. presence and group awareness) via their user interface. Social interaction and data sharing — being essential aspects of distributed collaborative applications — typically result in conflicting goals, primarily awareness vs. privacy. Preserving the end users' privacy especially in mobile collaborative settings is the most often-cited point of critique of mobile and ubiquitous computing. Since usability is a prerequisite for privacy and awareness mechanisms especially for mobile applications, we report in this paper on how to balance usability, privacy, and awareness trade-offs when building mobile collaborative applications. This is complemented by new approaches for preserving privacy tailored to the needs of respective communities in the domain of decentralized group-centric solutions. The requirements were gathered through an analysis of user's needs as well as first evaluations of prototypes. Those were built for different case studies focusing on privacy, trust, and identity management in real-life communities. We report on the outcomes of our work and show this exemplary with the help of a mobile prototype application to support an Angling Community with privacy and collaboration needs related to location-based services

Publisher Correction: Measuring the α-particle charge radius with muonic helium-4 ions

This Article was originally published online on 27 January 2021 without Open Access. With the author(s)’ decision to opt for Open Access, the copyright of the Article changed on 17 February 2021 to © The Author(s) 2021, and the Article is now licensed/distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The original Article has been corrected online

Measuring the α-particle charge radius with muonic helium-4 ions

The energy levels of hydrogen-like atomic systems can be calculated with great precision. Starting from their quantum mechanical solution, they have been refined over the years to include the electron spin, the relativistic and quantum field effects, and tiny energy shifts related to the complex structure of the nucleus. These energy shifts caused by the nuclear structure are vastly magnified in hydrogen-like systems formed by a negative muon and a nucleus, so spectroscopy of these muonic ions can be used to investigate the nuclear structure with high precision. Here we present the measurement of two 2S–2P transitions in the muonic helium-4 ion that yields a precise determination of the root-mean-square charge radius of the α particle of 1.67824(83) femtometres. This determination from atomic spectroscopy is in excellent agreement with the value from electron scattering1, but a factor of 4.8 more precise, providing a benchmark for few-nucleon theories, lattice quantum chromodynamics and electron scattering. This agreement also constrains several beyond-standard-model theories proposed to explain the proton-radius puzzle2,3,4,5, in line with recent determinations of the proton charge radius6,7,8,9, and establishes spectroscopy of light muonic atoms and ions as a precise tool for studies of nuclear properties

Laser Spectroscopy of Muonic Atoms and Ions

Laser spectroscopy of the Lamb shift (2S-2P energy difference) in light muonic atoms or ions, in which one negative muon μ− is bound to a nucleus, has been performed. The measurements yield significantly improved values of the root-mean-square charge radii of the nuclei, owing to the large muon mass, which results in a vastly increased muon wave function overlap with the nucleus. The values of the proton and deuteron radii are 10 and 3 times more accurate than the respective CODATA values, but 7 standard deviations smaller. Data on muonic helium-3 and -4 ions is being analyzed and will give new insights. In future, the (magnetic) Zemach radii of the proton and the helium-3 nuclei will be determined from laser spectroscopy of the 1S hyperfine splittings, and the Lamb shifts of muonic Li, Be, and B can be used to improve the respective charge radii