Targeted delivery of silibinin via magnetic niosomal nanoparticles: potential application in treatment of colon cancer cells

Introduction: In recent years, various nanoparticles (NPs) have been discovered and synthesized for the targeted therapy of cancer cells. Targeted delivery increases the local concentration of therapeutics and minimizes side effects. Therefore, NPs-mediated targeted drug delivery systems have become a promising approach for the treatment of various cancers. As a result, in the current study, we aimed to design silibinin-loaded magnetic niosomes nanoparticles (MNNPs) and investigate their cytotoxicity property in colorectal cancer cell treatment.Methods: MNPs ferrofluids were prepared and encapsulated into niosomes (NIOs) by the thin film hydration method. Afterward, the morphology, size, and chemical structure of the synthesized MNNPs were evaluated using the TEM, DLS, and FT-IR techniques, respectively.Results and Discussion: The distribution number of MNNPs was obtained at about 50 nm and 70 nm with a surface charge of −19.0 mV by TEM and DLS analysis, respectively. Silibinin loading efficiency in NIOs was about 90%, and the drug release pattern showed a controlled release with a maximum amount of about 49% and 70%, within 4 h in pH = 7.4 and pH = 5.8, respectively. To investigate the cytotoxicity effect, HT-29 cells were treated with the various concentration of the drugs for 24 and 48 h and evaluated by the MTT as well as flow cytometry assays. Obtained results demonstrated promoted cell cytotoxicity of silibinin-loaded MNNPs (5-fold decrease in cell viability) compared to pure silibinin (3-fold decrease in cell viability) while had no significant cytotoxic effect on HEK-293 (normal cell line) cells, and the cellular uptake level of MNNPs by the HT-29 cell line was enhanced compared to the control group. In conclusion, silibinin-loaded MNNPs complex can be considered as an efficient treatment approach for colorectal cancer cells

Behavior Disorders Prevalence in High School Students in Hamedan Province

Objective: Behavioral disorders of childhood and adolescence represent a range of problems and Its prevalence varies in different parts of Iran and the world. Knowledge of them is essential to the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of patients. The aim of this survey is assessment of behavior disorders prevalence in high school students in Hamedan province. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive and cross sectional study, 500 boy and girl students were selected from Hamedan high schools by multistep cluster sampling, based on region and gender. Data were gathered by Achenbach experience questionnaire (YSR form) and analyzed by Friedman and independent T tests. Results: The findings showed that prevalence of behavioral problems among students in the province is 10 percent and it was higher in girls than boys. Most disorders were withdrawal disorder / anxiety and attention problems and somatization disorder was the least problem. Conclusion: Prevalence of behavior disorders in Hamedan province compared to other studies is moderate, but the behavior disorders prevalence of boys and girls are different from other researchs

Comparison of Behavioral Disorders, Compromise Behaviors and Academic Achievement of Exceptional Students in Especial Educational System and Integrated Educational System

Objective:The purpose of this study is to compare the educational progress and behavioral compromise of exceptional students in special educational system and integrated system in Hamedan province. Materials & Methods:This research is based on comparison between all the exceptional students who divided in two groups of blind and deaf in three levels in clouding primary, guidance and high school students. 40 students from integrated and 40 students from especial educational system with cluster sampling method were selected the rate of P is considered as q .The rate of p was considered equal 0.5 and the rate of q equal 0.5 . Then for gathering data a questionnaire based on Akhnbakh experience was used . The data were analysed in &alpha= 0.05 level with independent T test and multivariate analysis of MANOVA variance . Results: The result showed that there is a significant difference between the amount of educational progress , compromise behaviors , amount and kind of abnormal behaviors of exceptional students in integrated educational system with special educational system . Also the rate of educational progress and compromise behaviors is better in integrated system than especial educational system . Moreover disordered behaviors of these students are less than their counterparts in special educational system . Conclusion: in general integrated educational system in comparison with especial educational system is most successful in field of educational progress ,compromise behavior and abnormal behavior in exceptional students (blind and deaf)

Solubility Prediction of Paracetamol in Water–Ethanol–Propylene Glycol Mixtures at 25 and 30 °C Using Practical Approaches

The solubility of paracetamol in water–ethanol–propylene glycol binary and ternary mixtures at 25 and 30 °C was determined using flask shake method. The generated data extended the solubility database for further computational investigations and also was used to assess the prediction capability of the Jouyban–Acree model. A new version of the model was proposed for modeling the solubility data in water–cosolvent mixtures with the cosolvent concentration of 50% which is required in pharmaceutical formulations. The accuracy of the predicted solubilities was evaluated by the mean percentage deviation (MPD) between the predicted and experimental solubilities. The overall MPD of the Jouyban–Acree model and the log-linear model of Yalkowsky for the entire composition range of the cosolvents were 11.08.7 and 55.417.8%, respectively; the corresponding values for the predicted solubilities in mixtures having a cosolvent concentration of 50% were 12.09.1 and 22.011.0%