Multi-Stakeholder Dispute Resolution: Building Social Capital Through Access to Justice at the Community Level

Systems of multi-stakeholder dispute resolution are increasingly recognized as objectives of good governance by international organizations such as the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). Such objectives arise out of insights based on the dynamics of social capital that community based initiatives cannot succeed where trust is absent and mechanisms for collective decision-making do not exist. Yet localized decision-making can take many forms-whether distributional, competitive, or collaborative. This paper will examine, in particular, the impact of collaborative systems of decision-making on building social capital through access to justice in local communities. It will do this through examining participant feedback, meeting minutes, and post-consultation reports of a community multi-stakeholder dialogue process in Cajamarca, Peru. The creation of dispute resolution forums where community members can actively participate in the generation of shared objectives, collect and access information, and take action on issues of collective concern represents an important foundation for the development of social capital

The Effects of Load Carriage on the Ground Reaction Force Loading Rates and Physiological Responses of Soldiers

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Interval Training: Its Effects on Resting Fat Oxidation and Body Composition In Recreationally Active College-Aged Females

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Promoting Citizenship and Personal Growth: A Model for Student-Athlete Excellence

Many institutions of higher education are searching/or ways to augment specific areas of a student-athlete's life: such as study skills, fitness awareness, or disordered eating. East Stroudsburg University has developed a model that provided the additional support systems with the goal of developing not only a more competitive athlete but also a more mature and responsible member of the university community. This model included a physical and psycho-social component. A multi-discipline staff attempted to encourage the student-athletes with the life skills and the interaction to develop these tools for their life after college

Effect of Depression and Anxiety on Rehabilitation Adherence and Injury Recovery in Collegiate Athletes

Introduction: The noted prevalence of depressive and anxious symptomology both pre-injury and post-injury in collegiate athletes raises concern regarding their ability to maintain appropriate rehabilitation adherence in their recovery from sports injury. The purpose of this study was to further explore the effect of depressive and anxious collegiate athlete symptoms on athletic trainers’ perceptions of rehabilitation adherence and return-to-play. Methods: NCAA Division II and Division III injured collegiate athletes (N = 19, M age = 20.58 ± 1.31) were observed throughout their rehabilitation programs by 5 separate collegiate athletic trainers. Collegiate athlete depressive and anxious symptoms were assessed during preseason retroactively, at the beginning of rehabilitation, and at clearance for full sports participation. Individual athletic trainers most responsible for the rehabilitation programming of their respective collegiate athletes were asked to provide their perceptions of rehabilitation adherence at the end of the programs. Depressive and anxious symptoms were measured with the use of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and athletic trainer perceptions were measured using the Rehabilitation Adherence Measure for Athletic Training. Results: Significant differences were found between the mean symptom scores of HADS 1 and HADS 2 (P = .001) and the mean symptom scores of HADS 1 and HADS 3 (P = .004), thus indicating that depressive and anxious symptoms increased post-injury, but they did not return to preseason levels upon clearance for full sports participation. Collegiate athletes with less depressive and anxious symptoms took on average 70.33 ± 19.87 less days than their more depressed and anxious counterparts to recover from sports injury (P = .010). Depressive and anxious symptoms did not influence the perceptions that the athletic trainers shared relevant to rehabilitation adherence. Discussion: Injured collegiate athletes may be physiologically ready to return to sport far sooner than they are psychologically ready. Collegiate athletic trainers should make a conscious effort to improve the effectiveness of their currently utilized psychosocial interventions to better address the patient depressive and anxious symptoms that they may not be as cognizant of in the rehabilitation process, given the importance of appropriate rehabilitation adherence in producing positive outcomes

THE ACUTE EFFECTS OF BACK SQUATS ON VERTICAL JUMP PERFORMANCE IN MEN AND WOMEN

The aim of the present study was to investigate the acute effects of performing back squats on subsequent performance during a series of vertical jumps in men and women. Twelve men and 12 women were tested on three separate occasions, the first of which was used to determine their 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) parallel back squat. Following this, subjects performed a potentiation and a control treatment in a counterbalanced order. The potentiation treatment culminated with subjects performing parallel back squats with a load equivalent to 70% 1- RM for three repetitions, following which they performed one countermovement vertical jump (CMJ) for maximal height every three minutes for a total of 10 jumps. During the control treatment, subjects performed only the CMJs. Jump height (JH) and vertical stiffness (VStiff) were calculated for each jump from the vertical force signal recorded from a force platform. There were no significant changes in JH or VStiff following the treatments and no significant differences in the responses between men and women (p > 0.05). Correlations between normalized 1-RM back squat load and the absolute change in JH and VStiff were small to moderate for both men and women, with most correlations being negative. Large variations in response to the back squats were noted in both men and women. The use of resistance exercises performed prior to a series of vertical jumps can result in improvements in performance in certain individuals, although the gains tend to be small and dependent upon the mechanical variable measured. There does not seem to be any differences between men and women in the response to dynamic potentiation protocol