Professional Values and Practice

The professional code of the General Teaching Council lists eight new standards, each of them analysed here in detail using questions and activities to describe what trainee teachers need to know, understand and demonstrate as they work towards Qualified Teacher Status. Each of the eight standards cover the following issues: expectations, diversity and achievement personal and professional values values in the classroom values, rights and responsibilities in the wider community the community of the school professional relationships personal and professional development professional responsibility. This practical and jargon-free guide features an extensive range of examples and suggestions for further reading, designed to help those in their early professional development

Evaluating the use of multi-element soil analysis in archaeology: a study of a postmedieval croft (Olligarth) in Shetland

Multi-element soil analysis is an established technique in archaeology, but there has been little work to understand the processes and loadings involved. The abandoned farm (croft) of Olligarth, Shetland provided the opportunity of validating the technique by sampling from known contexts. The results showed multi-element soil analysis could accurately differentiate between areas of known function. Accuracy was increased using samples from the floor layers rather than topsoils. The elements that produced the best discriminant model of function were P, Ca, Cr, V, Fe, Nd, Ti, Pb, Al, and Yb. However because of cross-correlation between elements, Cu, Zn, Sr, Ba, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Co, Ni, and the rare earth elements, were also important potential discriminators. Of these P, Ca, Zn, Sr, Pb, Cu, Ba, Na, K, and Nd correlated positively with soil CEC and organic matter content and may, in part, originate from fuel materials, plasters, dung and bone. Ti, Cr, Al and many rare earth elements were influenced by local geological variation and are of less interest archaeologically

Professional Values and Practice

The professional code of the General Teaching Council lists eight new standards, each of them analysed here in detail using questions and activities to describe what trainee teachers need to know, understand and demonstrate as they work towards Qualified Teacher Status. Each of the eight standards cover the following issues: expectations, diversity and achievement personal and professional values values in the classroom values, rights and responsibilities in the wider community the community of the school professional relationships personal and professional development professional responsibility. This practical and jargon-free guide features an extensive range of examples and suggestions for further reading, designed to help those in their early professional development

Turbomachinery Bearings and Annular Seals

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Year-around C- and L-band observation around the MOSAiC ice floe with high spatial and temporal resolution

In September 2019, the German research icebreaker Polarstern started the largest multidisciplinary Arctic expedition, the MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate) drift experiment. Being moored to ice floes at high Arctic for a whole year, thus including the winter season, the main goal of the expedition is to better understand and quantify relevant processes within the atmosphere-ice-ocean system that impact the sea ice, ultimately leading to improved climate models. Satellite remote sensing, specially multi-frequency synthetic aperture radar (SAR) plays a major role to achieve this goal. Two major objectives in SAR based remote sensing of sea ice is on the one hand to have a large coverage, and on the other hand to obtain a radar response that carries as much information as possible. A comprehensive set of C- and L- band SAR images were acquired during the course of MOSAiC. In this initial study we evaluate the effects of seasonal changes on C- and L-band backscatter in respect to three different sea ice types, i.e., Young Ice, Smooth Ice and Rough/Deformed Ice along with the performance of sea ice type retrieval of a established algorithm. Areas of deformed, smooth and young sea ice were observed in the vicinity of R/V Polarstern and these areas are included whenever possible in the yearlong time series. For both frequencies a change in all backscatter channels values can be observed during the early melt season. This is first noticeable in the C-band images and later followed by a change in the L-band images, probably caused by their different penetration depth and volume scattering sensitivities

The effect of wave conditions and surfer ability on performance and the physiological response of recreational surfers.

This study investigated the effects of wave conditions on performance and the physiological responses of surfers. After institutional ethical approval 39 recreational surfers participated in 60 surfing sessions where performance and physiological response were measured using global positioning system (GPS) heart rate monitors. Using GPS, the percentage time spent in surfing activity categories was on average 41.6, 47.0, 8.1, and 3.1% for waiting, paddling, riding, and miscellaneous activities, respectively. Ability level of the surfers, wave size, and wave period are significantly associated with the physiological, ride, and performance parameters during surfing. As the ability level of the surfers increases there is a reduction in the relative exercise intensity (e.g., average heart rate as a percentage of laboratory maximum, rpartial = -0.412, p < 0.01) which is in contrast to increases in performance parameters (e.g., maximum ride speed (0.454, p < 0.01). As the wave size increased there were reductions in physiological demand (e.g., total energy expenditure rpartial = -0.351, p ≤ 0.05) but increases in ride speed and distance measures (e.g., the maximum ride speed, 0.454, p < 0.01). As the wave period increased there were increases in intensity (e.g., average heart rate as a percentage of laboratory maximum, rp = 0.490, p < 0.01) and increases in ride speed and distance measures (e.g., the maximum ride speed, rpartial = 0.371, p < 0.01). This original study is the first to show that wave parameters and surfer ability are significantly associated with the physiological response and performance characteristics of surfing