The Effects of Early Intervention on Language Growth after age 3 for Children with Permanent Hearing Loss

Purpose: The overall goal of this study was to examine language performance in children with permanent hearing loss who were enrolled in a Listening and Spoken Language program. The influence of time spent in Early Intervention (EI) on language trajectories and ability to attain age-appropriate language skills was examined. Methods: Retrospective data were obtained from children (N=48) who attended Central Institute for the Deaf (CID) for various lengths of time between 2004 and 2017. Children were grouped into those who had received EI prior to age 3 years versus those who did not. Standardized tests of receptive and expressive language were administered annually. Comparisons of language levels attained at the initial and final assessment were conducted and linear mixed model analyses examined language scores over time. Results: Children receiving EI attained significantly higher levels of language than those receiving no EI. The rate of improvement over time in vocabulary scores was similar for both groups, however on a global language test that included morpho-syntax, children with EI made greater progress relative to age-matched peers than children without EI. Conclusions: Children receiving EI exhibited a lasting advantage in the acquisition of spoken language over children who did not have access to EI

The Spring 1985 high precision baseline test of the JPL GPS-based geodetic system

The Spring 1985 High Precision Baseline Test (HPBT) was conducted. The HPBT was designed to meet a number of objectives. Foremost among these was the demonstration of a level of accuracy of 1 to 2:10 to the 7th power, or better, for baselines ranging in length up to several hundred kilometers. These objectives were all met with a high degree of success, with respect to the demonstration of system accuracy in particular. The results from six baselines ranging in length from 70 to 729 km were examined for repeatability and, in the case of three baselines, were compared to results from colocated VLBI systems. Repeatability was found to be 5:10 to the 8th power (RMS) for the north baseline coordinate, independent of baseline length, while for the east coordinate RMS repeatability was found to be larger than this by factors of 2 to 4. The GPS-based results were found to be in agreement with those from colocated VLBI measurements, when corrected for the physical separations of the VLBI and CPG antennas, at the level of 1 to 2:10 to the 7th power in all coordinates, independent of baseline length. The results for baseline repeatability are consistent with the current GPA error budget, but the GPS-VLBI intercomparisons disagree at a somewhat larger level than expected. It is hypothesized that these differences may result from errors in the local survey measurements used to correct for the separations of the GPS and VLBI antenna reference centers

In Defence of Modest Doxasticism About Delusions

Here I reply to the main points raised by the commentators on the arguments put forward in my Delusions and Other Irrational Beliefs (OUP, 2009). My response is aimed at defending a modest doxastic account of clinical delusions, and is articulated in three sections. First, I consider the view that delusions are in-between perceptual and doxastic states, defended by Jacob Hohwy and Vivek Rajan, and the view that delusions are failed attempts at believing or not-quite-beliefs, proposed by Eric Schwitzgebel and Maura Tumulty. Then, I address the relationship between the doxastic account of delusions and the role, nature, and prospects of folk psychology, which is discussed by Dominic Murphy, Keith Frankish, and Maura Tumulty in their contributions. In the final remarks, I turn to the continuity thesis and suggest that, although there are important differences between clinical delusions and non-pathological beliefs, these differences cannot be characterised satisfactorily in epistemic terms. \u

Inspiring and Aspiring Educators: An Intersection of Historic and Current Education Landscapes

The book Inspiring and Aspiring Educators: An Intersection of Historic and Current Education Landscapes is a collection of graduate student writings from the 2021 summer Education Doctorate Residency at Winona State University.https://openriver.winona.edu/educationeddbooks/1002/thumbnail.jp

Poor outcome of revised resurfacing hip arthroplasty: 397 cases from the Australian Joint Replacement Registry

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Recent years have seen a rapid increase in the use of resurfacing hip arthroplasty despite the lack of literature on the long-term outcome. In particular, there is little evidence regarding the outcome of revisions of primary resurfacing. The purpose of this analysis was to examine the survivorship of primary resurfacing hip arthroplasties that have been revised. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Over 12,000 primary resurfacing hip arthroplasties were recorded by the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry between September 1, 1999 and December 31, 2008. During this time, 397 revisions for reasons other than infection were reported for these primary resurfacings and classified as acetabular, femoral, or both acetabular and femoral revisions. The survivorship of the different types of revisions was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using proportional hazard models. Additionally, the outcome of a femoral-only revision was compared to that of primary conventional total hip arthroplasty. RESULTS: Acetabular-only revision had a high risk of re-revision compared to femoral-only and both acetabular and femoral revision (5-year cumulative per cent revision of 20%, 7%, and 5% respectively). Femoral-only revision had a risk of re-revision similar to that of revision of both the acetabular and femoral components. Femoral-only revision had over twice the risk of revision of primary conventional total hip arthroplasty. INTERPRETATION: Revision of a primary resurfacing arthroplasty is associated with a major risk of re-revision. The best outcome is achieved when either the femoral-only or both the acetabular and femoral components are revised. Technically straightforward femoral-only revisions generally have a worse outcome than a primary conventional total hip arthroplasty

UK Parliament Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Select Committee Flooding Inquiry: Written Evidence from Dr Kate Smith et al. (FLO0043)

This submission presents the research conducted within the Energy and Environment Institute at the University of Hull. Our work demonstrates that hazards represented by flooding have multiple dimensions, and that solutions to them need to take these complex inter-relationships into account. The research described below covers both the physical and social impacts of flooding; the recommendations that follow from our work are based on our understanding that flood risk management needs to expand across land-water boundaries at the full range of spatial, temporal and societal scales. Responding to each of the terms of reference in turn, our data shows that the response to flooding needs to start changing now in order to ensure the resilience of our communities, businesses and infrastructure in the future

Health position paper and redox perspectives on reactive oxygen species as signals and targets of cardioprotection.

The present review summarizes the beneficial and detrimental roles of reactive oxygen species in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and cardioprotection. In the first part, the continued need for cardioprotection beyond that by rapid reperfusion of acute myocardial infarction is emphasized. Then, pathomechanisms of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion to the myocardium and the coronary circulation and the different modes of cell death in myocardial infarction are characterized. Different mechanical and pharmacological interventions to protect the ischemic/reperfused myocardium in elective percutaneous coronary interventions and coronary artery bypass grafting, in acute myocardial infarction and in cardiotoxicity from cancer therapy are detailed. The second part keeps the focus on ROS providing a comprehensive overview of molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in ischemia/reperfusion injury. Starting from mitochondria as the main sources and targets of ROS in ischemic/reperfused myocardium, a complex network of cellular and extracellular processes is discussed, including relationships with Ca2+ homeostasis, thiol group redox balance, hydrogen sulfide modulation, cross-talk with NAPDH oxidases, exosomes, cytokines and growth factors. While mechanistic insights are needed to improve our current therapeutic approaches, advancements in knowledge of ROS-mediated processes indicate that detrimental facets of oxidative stress are opposed by ROS requirement for physiological and protective reactions. This inevitable contrast is likely to underlie unsuccessful clinical trials and limits the development of novel cardioprotective interventions simply based upon ROS removal

In-cell NMR characterization of the secondary structure populations of a disordered conformation of α-Synuclein within E. coli cells

α-Synuclein is a small protein strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease and related neurodegenerative disorders. We report here the use of in-cell NMR spectroscopy to observe directly the structure and dynamics of this protein within E. coli cells. To improve the accuracy in the measurement of backbone chemical shifts within crowded in-cell NMR spectra, we have developed a deconvolution method to reduce inhomogeneous line broadening within cellular samples. The resulting chemical shift values were then used to evaluate the distribution of secondary structure populations which, in the absence of stable tertiary contacts, are a most effective way to describe the conformational fluctuations of disordered proteins. The results indicate that, at least within the bacterial cytosol, α-synuclein populates a highly dynamic state that, despite the highly crowded environment, has the same characteristics as the disordered monomeric form observed in aqueous solution

Conducting Environmental Health Research in the Arabian Middle East: Lessons Learned and Opportunities

Background: The Arabian Gulf nations are undergoing rapid economic development, leading to major shifts in both the traditional lifestyle and the environment. Although the pace of change is brisk, there is a dearth of environmental health research in this region

Association between depressive symptoms and incident cardiovascular diseases

Importance: It is uncertain whether depressive symptoms are independently associated with subsequent risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Objective: To characterize the association between depressive symptoms and CVD incidence across the spectrum of lower mood. Design, setting and participants: A pooled analysis of individual-participant-data from the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration (ERFC; 162,036 participants; 21 cohorts; baseline surveys, 1960-2008; latest follow-up, March 2020) and UK Biobank (UKB; 401,219 participants; baseline surveys, 2006-2010; latest follow-up, March 2020). Eligible participants had information about self-reported depressive symptoms and no CVD history at baseline. Exposure: Depressive symptoms were recorded using validated instruments. ERFC scores were harmonized across studies to a scale representative of the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES-D; range 0-60; ≥16 indicates possible depressive disorder). UKB recorded the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2; range 0-6; ≥3 indicates possible depressive disorder). Main Outcomes and Measures: Primary outcomes were incident fatal/nonfatal coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and CVD (composite of CHD and stroke). Hazard ratios (HRs) per 1-SD higher log-CES-D or PHQ-2 adjusted for age, sex, smoking and diabetes were reported. Results: Among 162,036 participants from the ERFC, 73% were female, mean (SD) age at baseline was 63 (9) years, and 5,078 CHD and 3,932 stroke events were recorded (median follow-up, 9.5-years). Associations with CHD, stroke and CVD were log-linear. HRs (95%CI) per 1SD higher depression score for CHD, stroke and CVD respectively were 1.07 (1.03-1.11), 1.05 (1.01-1.10), and 1.06 (1.04-1.08). This reflects, 36 versus 29 CHD events, 28 versus 25 stroke events, and 63 versus 54 CVD events per 1000 individuals over 10 years in the highest versus lowest quintile of CES-D (geometric mean CES-D score, 19 versus 1). Among 401,219 participants from the UKB, 55% were female, mean baseline age was 56 (8) years, and 4607 CHD and 3253 stroke events were recorded (median follow-up, 8.1-years). HRs per 1SD higher depression score for CHD, stroke and CVD respectively were 1.11 (1.08-1.14), 1.10 (1.06-1.14) and 1.10 (1.08-1.13). This reflects, 21 versus 14 CHD events, 15 versus 10 stroke events, and 36 versus 25 CVD events per 1000 individuals over 10 years in those with PHQ2 ≥4 versus 0. The magnitude and statistical significance of the HRs were not materially changed after adjustment for additional risk factors. Conclusions and Relevance: In a pooled analysis of 563,255 participants in 22 cohorts, baseline depressive symptoms were associated with CVD incidence, including at symptom levels below the threshold indicative of a depressive disorder. However, the magnitude of associations was modest.Lisa Pennells, Stephen Kaptoge and Sarah Spackman are funded by a British Heart Foundation Programme Grant (RG/18/13/33946). Steven Bell was funded by the National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics (NIHR BTRU-2014-10024). Tom Bolton is funded by the National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics (NIHR BTRU-2014-10024). Angela Wood is supported by a BHF-Turing Cardiovascular Data Science Award and by the EC-Innovative Medicines Initiative (BigData@Heart). John Danesh holds a British Heart Foundation Professorship and a National Institute for Health Research Senior Investigator Award.* *The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care